Halloween (poem)

{{Short description|Early literary work of Halloween}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

File:J. M. Wright - Edward Scriven - Robert Burns - Halloween.JPG's engraving of John Masey Wright's illustration to Robert Burns' Halloween]]

{{quote box|title=Halloween{{efn|Is thought to be a night when witches, devils, and other mischief-making beings are abroad on their baneful midnight errands; particularly those aerial people, the fairies, are said on that night to hold a grand anniversary,.—R.B.}}|source=—Robert Burns|quote=

Upon that night, when fairies light

:On Cassilis Downans{{efn|Certain little, romantic, rocky, green hills, in the neighbourhood of the ancient seat of the Earls of Cassilis.—R.B.}} dance,

Or owre the lays, in splendid blaze,

:On sprightly coursers prance;

Or for Colean the rout is ta'en,

:Beneath the moon's pale beams;

There, up the Cove,{{efn|A noted cavern near Colean house, called the Cove of Colean; which, as well as Cassilis Downans, is famed, in country story, for being a favorite haunt of fairies.—R.B.}} to stray an' rove,

:Amang the rocks and streams

:::::::To sport that night;

{{center|[...]}}

}}

"Halloween" is a poem written by the Scottish poet Robert Burns in 1785.{{cite book|author=Alexander Smith|title=Poems, Songs and Letters, being the complete works of Robert Burns. Edited from the best printed and manuscript authorities, with glossarial index and a biographical memoir by Alexander Smith. (The Globe edition.).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tP40AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA44|year=1868|publisher=Macmillan & Company|pages=44–7}} First published in 1786, the poem is included in the Kilmarnock Edition. It is one of Burns' longer poems, with twenty-eight stanzas, and employs a mixture of Scots and English.Robert Burns, Alexander Smith [https://books.google.com/books?id=tP40AAAAMAAJ&dq=robert+burns+halloween&pg=PA44 Poems, songs, and letters: being the complete works of Robert Burns, edited from the best printed and manuscript authorities with glossarial index and a biographical memoir] Macmillan and co., 1868[http://www.bbc.co.uk/robertburns/works/halloween/ BBC - Robert Burns - Halloween] BBC

Background

The poet John Mayne from Dumfries, "a comparatively obscure follower of the Scottish Muses," wrote a poem about Halloween in 1780. Having twelve stanzas, the poem makes note of pranks at Halloween; "What fearfu' pranks ensue!", as well as the supernatural associated with the night, "Bogies" (ghosts).{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ulsterscots/words/bogie | title=Ulster Scots - Words and Phrases:"Bogie" | publisher=BBC | accessdate=16 December 2010}} The poem appeared in Ruddimans Weekly Magazine, November 1780, published by Walter Ruddiman in Edinburgh. That the Ayrshire poet Burns actually saw and was influenced by Mayne's composition is apparent, as he appears to communicate with Mayne's work, and also echoes some of his imagery.Robert Chambers [https://books.google.com/books?id=sdVkAAAAMAAJ&dq=halloween+poem+%28burns%29&pg=PA154 The life and works of Robert Burns, Volume 1] Lippincott, Grambo & co., 1854Thomas Crawford [https://archive.org/details/burnsstudyofpoem00craw/page/125 Burns: a study of the poems and songs] Stanford University Press, 1960 According to Burns, Halloween is "thought to be a night when witches, devils, and other mischief-making beings are all abroad on their baneful midnight errands".{{cite book | publisher=Charles Knight | date=1833 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y9A0uAW929EC&dq=thought+to+be+a+night+when+witches%2C+devils%2C+and+other+mischief-making+beings&pg=PA342 | title=The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge | volume=1 | page=342 | accessdate=14 January 2011}}

Notes

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References

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