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Haloarcula

{{Short description|Genus of archaea}}

{{Automatic_taxobox

| image = Haloarcula quadrata.png

| image_caption = SEM image of Haloarcula quadrata.

| taxon = Haloarcula

| authority = Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Ma et al. 2024

| type_species = Haloarcula vallismortis

| type_species_authority = (Gonzalez, Gutierrez & Ramirez 1979) Torreblanca et al. 1986

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision =

See text

}}

Haloarcula (common abbreviation Har.) is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobacteria.{{Citation|last=Oren|first=Aharon|title=The Family Halobacteriaceae|date=2014|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_313|work=The Prokaryotes: Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and The Archaea|pages=41–121|editor-last=Rosenberg|editor-first=Eugene|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_313|bibcode=2014prok.book...41O |isbn=978-3-642-38954-2|access-date=2021-11-17|editor2-last=DeLong|editor2-first=Edward F.|editor3-last=Lory|editor3-first=Stephen|editor4-last=Stackebrandt|editor4-first=Erko}}

Cell Structure

Haloarcula species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Halobacteriaceae by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. H. quadrata has predominantly flat, square-shaped, somewhat pleomorphic cells.{{Cite journal|last1=Oren|first1=A.|last2=Ventosa|first2=A.|last3=Gutierrez|first3=M. C.|last4=Kamekura|first4=M.|year=1999|title=Haloarcula quadrata sp. nov., a square, motile archaeon isolated from a brine pool in Sinai (Egypt)|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology|volume=49|issue=3|pages=1149–1155|doi=10.1099/00207713-49-3-1149|pmid=10425773|doi-access=free}}

Metabolism

H. quadrata was first isolated when researchers were attempting to culture Haloquadratum walsbyi, a haloarchaeon that was thought to be unculturable until 2004. Similar to other halophilic archaea, Haloarcula species grow optimally at 40–45 °C. Growth appears in sheets of up to 65 cells often in the shape of a square or triangle.

Taxonomy

The genus of Haloarcula was long grouped with other halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium until genomic analysis prompted to reorder this genus in the new family of Haloarculaceae.

=Phylogeny=

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN){{cite web|author=J.P. Euzéby |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/haloarcula |title=Haloarcula |access-date=2023-10-10 |publisher=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)}} and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).{{cite web |author = Sayers |display-authors=et al.| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=2237&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Haloarcula |access-date=2023-10-10 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database}}

class="wikitable"
colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 December 2024}}{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree |access-date=10 December 2024}}{{cite web|title=LTP_10_2024 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024}}

! colspan=1 | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220{{cite web |title=GTDB release 09-RS220 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=Genome Taxonomy Database|access-date=10 May 2024}}{{cite web |title=ar53_r220.sp_label |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/ar53_r220.sp_labels.tree |website=Genome Taxonomy Database|access-date=10 May 2024}}{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=Genome Taxonomy Database|access-date=10 May 2024}}

style="vertical-align:top|

{{Clade|style=font-size:90%; line-height:90%

|1={{clade

|1=Halomicroarcula 2

|2={{clade

|1=Halomicroarcula 3

|2={{clade

|1=Halomicroarcula 4

|2={{clade

|label1=Haloarcula

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=H. mannanilytica

|2=H. terrestris Straková et al. 2023

}}

|2={{clade

|1=H. sebkhae

|2=H. tradensis Namwong et al. 2011

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1=H. salaria Namwong et al. 2011

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=H. amylolytica

|2=H. japonica

}}

|2={{clade

|1=H. hispanica

|2={{clade

|1=H. argentinensis

|2={{clade

|1=H. quadrata Oren et al. 1999

|2={{clade

|1=H. marismortui

|2=H. vallismortis

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

|

{{Clade|style=font-size:90%; line-height:90%

|1={{clade

|1=Halomicrobium

|2={{clade

|1=Halomicroarcula

|2={{clade

|label1=Haloarcula

|1={{clade

|1=H. salina (Zhang & Cui 2015) Ma et al. 2023

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1="H. rubripromontorii" Sanchez-Nieves et al. 2016

|2="H. taiwanensis" Chen et al. 2018

}}

|2={{clade

|1=H. vallismortis (Gonzalez, Gutierrez & Ramirez 1979) Torreblanca et al. 1986

|2={{clade

|1=H. mannanilytica Enomoto et al. 2020

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=H. amylolytica Yang et al. 2007 ["H. aidinensis"]

|2=H. hispanica Juez et al. 1986

}}

|2={{clade

|1=H. japonica Takashina et al. 1991

|2={{clade

|1=H. marismortui Elazari-Volcani 1940 ex Oren et al. 1990
[H. quadrata, "H. californiae", "H. sinaiiensis"]

|2={{clade

|1=H. argentinensis Ihara et al. 1997 [H. tradensis]

|2=H. sebkhae Barreteau et al. 2019

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

Unassigned Haloarcula

  • "H. ajinwuensis"
  • "H. algeriensis" Kharroub et al. 2005b
  • "H. altuensis"
  • "H. brevis" Ma et al. 2024
  • H. halobia Ma et al. 2024
  • H. halophila Ma et al. 2024
  • H. litorea Ma et al. 2024
  • "H. morrhuae" Torreblanca et al. 1986
  • H. ordinaria Ma et al. 2024
  • H. pelagica Ma et al. 2024
  • H. rara Ma et al. 2024
  • "H. regularis" Ma et al. 2024
  • "H. sediminis" Ma et al. 2024
  • "H. siamensis" Namwong et al. 2007

Ecology

Haloarcula species are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils. Like other members of the family Halobacteriaceae, Haloarcula requires at least 1.5 M NaCl for growth, but grow optimally in 2.0 to 4.5 M NaCl.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{ cite journal |vauthors=Torreblanca M, Rodriquez-Valera F, Juez G, Ventosa A, Kamekura M, Kates M | date = 1986 | title = Classification of non-alkaliphilic halobacteria based on numerical taxonomy and polar lipid composition, and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen.nov | journal = Syst. Appl. Microbiol. | volume = 8 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 89–99 | doi=10.1016/s0723-2020(86)80155-2}}
  • {{ cite journal |vauthors=Oren A, Ventosa A | date = 2000 | title = International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 1405–1407 | pmid = 10843089 | doi=10.1099/00207713-50-3-1405| doi-access =free }}
  • {{ cite journal |vauthors=Javor B, Requadt C, Stoeckenius W | date = 1982 | title = Box-shaped halophilic bacteria | journal = J. Bacteriol. | volume = 151 | pages = 1532–1542 | pmid = 6286602 | issue = 3 | doi = 10.1128/jb.151.3.1532-1542.1982 | pmc = 220435}}

External links

  • [http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=Haloarcula&submit=Search Haloarcula at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]

{{Archaea classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5643348}}

Category:Archaea genera

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