Halogenoderma
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Halogenodermas are skin eruptions that result after exposure to halogen-containing drugs or substances. This may last several weeks after drug use is discontinued. This is because of the slow elimination rate of iodides and bromides.{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P. |author2=Bolognia, Jean L. |author3=Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=310 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 }} Fluoroderma is a particular type of halogenoderma which is caused by fluoride. Fluoride is present in oral hygiene products such as toothpastes and mouth washes, hence this type of acne is seen mostly around the mouth and jawline. Acute fluoroderma has been observed in patients exposed to anaesthetics containing fluoride such as sevoflurane.{{cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/bja/article/107/1/106/331190|title=Fluoroderma after exposure to sevoflurane|first1=S.|last1=Perbet|first2=M.|last2=Salavert|first3=S.|last3=Amarger|first4=J.-M.|last4=Constantin|first5=M.|last5=D'Incan|first6=J.-E.|last6=Bazin|date=1 July 2011|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|volume=107|issue=1|pages=106–107|via=bja.oxfordjournals.org|doi=10.1093/bja/aer180|pmid=21685121|doi-access=free}}
Signs and symptoms
The most common presentation of halogenoderma is pustules or papulopustular lesions, which are often found on the face, neck, back, and limbs.{{cite journal | last1=Guerrero | first1=Arthur F. | last2=Guerrero | first2=Karen T. | last3=Shakir | first3=K.M. Mohamed | title=Thyroid Protection Gone Awry: Iododerma Following Potassium Iodide Administration Prior to Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy | journal=Thyroid | publisher=Mary Ann Liebert Inc | volume=21 | issue=1 | year=2011 | issn=1050-7256 | doi=10.1089/thy.2009.0467 | pages=93–94| pmid=21162686 }} In some cases, halogenoderma manifests as large vegetating lesions as opposed to pustular eruption.{{cite journal | last1=Didona | first1=D. | last2=Solimani | first2=F. | last3=Mühlenbein | first3=S. | last4=Knake | first4=S. | last5=Mittag | first5=H. | last6=Pfützner | first6=W. | title=Diffuse vegetating bromoderma | journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | publisher=Wiley | volume=34 | issue=2 | date=October 8, 2019 | pages=e53–e55 | issn=0926-9959 | doi=10.1111/jdv.15899 | pmid=31433883 | s2cid=201276655 }}
Cause
Exposure to halogens, such as iodide and bromide (also known as iododerma and bromoderma, respectively), can cause halogenoderma.{{cite journal | last1=Ghazzawi | first1=Raghad A | last2=Alqurashi | first2=Mohammed G | last3=Almalki | first3=Nada A | last4=Alosaimi | first4=Ashwaq K | last5=Al Hawsawi | first5=Khalid | title=Halogenoderma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature | journal=Cureus | publisher=Cureus, Inc. | date=November 23, 2022 | volume=14 | issue=11 | pages=e31846 | issn=2168-8184 | doi=10.7759/cureus.31846 | doi-access=free | pmid=36579296 | pmc=9789362 }}
Mechanism
It is still unclear what causes halogenoderma specifically. It's thought that a type 2 delayed hypersensitivity reaction is what causes it.{{cite journal | last1=Hesseler | first1=Michael J. | last2=Clark | first2=Matthew R. | last3=Zacur | first3=Jennifer L. | last4=Rizzo | first4=Jason M. | last5=Hristov | first5=Alexandra C. | title=An acneiform eruption secondary to iododerma | journal=JAAD Case Reports | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=4 | issue=5 | year=2018 | issn=2352-5126 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.02.005 | pages=468–470| pmid=29984285 | pmc=6031573 }}
Treatment
Iodide and bromide-containing substances should be avoided when treating halogenoderma. Lesions typically go away on their own four to six weeks after iodide or bromide intake is stopped. It is possible to use systemic corticosteroids to help these lesions heal more quickly.{{cite journal | last1=Aliagaoglu | first1=Cihangir | last2=Turan | first2=Hakan | last3=Uslu | first3=Esma | last4=Albayrak | first4=Hulya | last5=Yazici | first5=Serkan | last6=Kaya | first6=Ertugrul | title=Iododerma following topical povidone-iodine application | journal=Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=32 | issue=4 | date=April 8, 2013 | issn=1556-9527 | doi=10.3109/15569527.2013.780181 | pages=339–340| pmid=23560395 | s2cid=42263284 }}
See also
References
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External links
- [https://dermnetnz.org/topics/halogenoderma DermNet]
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