Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park
{{Short description|German Wadden Sea National Park}}
{{Infobox protected area
|iucn_category = II
|name = Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park
|alt_name = Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer
|map_image = Karte Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer.png
|map_width = 256
|map_alt =
|map_caption = Location of the park in northern Germany
{{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=284|type=shape-inverse|zoom=8}}
| coordinates = {{coords|53.935329|8.472694|region:DE-HH|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
|nearest_city =
|location = North Sea coast, Hamburg, {{GER}}
|area_ha = 13750
|established = {{start date|1990|4|9}}
|photo = HamburgWaddenSeaNationalPark (cropped).jpg
|photo_caption = Satellite picture of the 3 islands of the national park
|visitation_num =
|visitation_year =
| embedded = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Hamburgisches Wattenmeer
| designation1_date = 1 August 1990
| designation1_number = 501{{Cite web|title=Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/501|accessdate=25 April 2018}}}}
}}
The Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park ({{langx|de|Hamburgisches Wattenmeer}}) is the smallest of the three German Wadden Sea National Parks which protect the single ecological entity of the Wadden Sea reaching from Den Helder to Esbjerg.
It is an exclave of the city state of Hamburg in North Germany and lies 12.5 km off Cuxhaven in the estuary of the Elbe in the North Sea (German Bight) and includes the islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn and Nigehörn. It is made up mainly of sand and mixed mudflats with shallow creeks, sand bars (Plaaten), and dune islands. In 2011 the national park was added to the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site, highlighting its intact intertidal ecosystem, importance as a breeding area for many species of birds, and uniquely high biodiversity.{{cite web |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1314 |title = Wadden Sea |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 26 June 2021}}
National park
Following a ruling by the Hamburg Parliament on 9 April 1990 the area was reclassified as the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. On 5 April 2001, the law was updated and the national park area expanded as a result.
The total area of the national park (Zones 1 and 2) is {{convert|13750|ha|sqmi}}. The Zone 1 areas are under special protection, limiting mudflat hiking and horse and carriage rides to designated routes.
Within the national park, there are about 2,000 animal species, of which about 250 are endemic to the salt marshes of the Wadden Sea. Of particular note are the common seal and the gray seal. Due to the natural influx of sediment, there is a high concentration of food for young fish and seabirds at the mouth of the Elbe. The national park is, therefore, an important resting and molting area for seabirds.
For example, shelducks live on the snails that are found in hundreds of thousands on the surface of the mudflats. The approximately 180,000 birds of the north-western shelduck population spend also their molting period from July to September in the Wadden Sea, which is protected by the three national parks in the states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. About 200,000 eider ducks also spend their molting season here; about 1,000 pairs of eiders also use the mudflats of the North Sea as a breeding area. Most of them breed on the island of Amrum.
At the same time, the Wadden Sea is a resting place for breeding birds from northern climes that eat up the fat reserves they need for successful breeding. As a result, there are about 10-12 million waders, geese, ducks and gulls in the Wadden Sea as a whole.
The park works closely with the Jordsand Society (Verein Jordsand), especially in the area of bird conservation.
Biosphere reserve
Since 1992 the national park has also been designated as a biosphere reserve, something which increases the importance of the park, because since then it has been placed under international protection in accordance with the UNESCO programme, "man and biosphere". The national park management is responsible for the care of the biosphere reserve and its national aspects.
Addresses
: Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer
: Nationalpark-Station Neuwerk, Turmwurt
: D - 27499 Insel Neuwerk
: Tel.: 04721 / 69271
and
:Behörde für Umwelt, Klima, Energie und Agrarwirtschaft
:Nationalpark-Verwaltung Hamburgisches Wattenmeer
:Neuenfelder Straße 19
:D - 21109 Hamburg
:
Sources
- {{citation|editor-surname1=Umweltbehörde Hamburg, Naturschutzamt|title=Nationalpark-Atlas Hamburgisches Wattenmeer. Nationalparkplan: Teil I (= Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Hamburg, Schriftenreihe der Umweltbehörde, Heft 50)|publication-place=Hamburg|pages=1–165|date=2001|language=German|url=http://fhh1.hamburg.de/Behoerden/Umweltbehoerde/wattenmeer/pdf/atlas-komplett.pdf|format=PDF, 16,2 MB}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Filmography
- Im Nationalpark Wattenmeer. Documentary, 45 min., Deutschland, 1998, by Jens-Uwe Heins and Michael Sutor, Production: Komplett-Media-GmbH, Grünwald ({{ISBN|3-89672-492-4}}), [http://programm.daserste.de/archiv_detail.asp?dscroll=1&dpointer=14&sdatlo=27.04.04&anzahl=42 Short description] by ARD
See also
References
External links
{{Commons category|Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100710025829/http://www.nationalpark-hamburgisches-wattenmeer.de/ Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park] {{in lang|de}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20101113031914/http://fhh1.hamburg.de/Behoerden/Umweltbehoerde/nphw/8archiv/main8-1-1.html National park atlas]
{{National parks in Germany}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:National parks of Germany
Category:Biosphere reserves of Germany
Category:Nature reserves in Hamburg
Category:Protected areas of Hamburg
Category:Protected areas established in 1990