Han Youwen

{{Infobox officeholder

|name=Han Youwen

|birth_date=October 1912

|death_date= February 22, 1998 (aged 86)

|birth_place=Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai

|death_place=Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China

|image=韩有文 Han Youwen.jpg

|caption=Major General Han Youwen

|office=Vice Chairman of Xinjiang Province

|term_start=January 1981

|term_end=January 1998

|lieutenant=

|predecessor=

|successor=

|nationality=Salar

|party=Kuomintang, then Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang

|children=Han Zhihua (韓芝華){{cite web|url=http://www.xjmg.org/show.aspx?id=1081&cid=10|title=怀念我的父亲──韩有文|access-date=2011-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322070922/http://www.xjmg.org/show.aspx?id=1081&cid=10|archive-date=2012-03-22}}

|nickname=

|allegiance={{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China}}
{{PRC}}

|serviceyears=1931–1949

|rank=Major General

|commands=Chief of the Kuomintang Qinghai province Police Bureau, commander of KMT First Cavalry Division

|unit=First Cavalry Division of the National Revolutionary Army

|battles=Long March, Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War, Ili Rebellion, Pei-ta-shan Incident

|awards=

|portrayedby=

}}

Han Youwen ({{lang-zh|s=韩有文|t=韓有文|p=Hán Yǒuwén|w=Han Yu-wen}}; October 1912 – February 22, 1998){{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9ooAQAAIAAJ&q=han+youwen|title=China directory in pinyin and Chinese|year=1987|publisher=Radiopress|page=521|access-date=2011-04-04}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxIyAAAAMAAJ&q=han+youwen|title=Chūgoku soshikibetsu jinmeibo|author=Rajio Puresu|year=1987|publisher=Rajio Puresu.|page=521|access-date=2011-04-04}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ruZWXur5BRMC&q=han+youwen+qinghai&pg=PA1522|title=Directory of officials and organizations in China, Volume 1|author=Malcolm Lamb|year=2002|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|page=1656|isbn=0-7656-1020-5|access-date=2011-04-04}} was an ethnic Salar Muslim General in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, born in Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai. His Muslim name was Muhammad Habibullah ({{lang|zh|穆罕默德·海比不拉海}}).{{cite web|url=http://www.minge.gov.cn/minge/txt/2008-10/16/content_2523157.htm|title=然也，韩有文传奇，团结1999年02期|access-date=2018-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095107/http://www.minge.gov.cn/minge/txt/2008-10/16/content_2523157.htm|archive-date=2015-04-02}}{{cite web|url=http://szb.chinalxnet.com/html/2011-03/03/content_69671.htm|title=朱国琳，马呈祥在新疆 |access-date=2018-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121147/http://szb.chinalxnet.com/html/2011-03/03/content_69671.htm|archive-date=2015-04-02}}

Career

His father's name was Aema 阿额玛. Aema was a Salar Muslim who served in the Gansu Army under Dong Fuxiang in the Boxer Rebellion against the invading Eight-Nation Alliance. His mother was a Tibetan woman named Ziliha (孜力哈).{{cite web |url=http://www.minge.gov.cn/minge/txt/2008-10/16/content_2523157.htm |title=韩有文传奇然也 |last= |first= |date= 2008-10-16 |editor=秉默|website=中国国民党革命委员会中央委员会 |publisher=民革中央 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305102619/http://www.minge.gov.cn/minge/txt/2008-10/16/content_2523157.htm |archive-date=2016-03-05 |quote=}}{{cite news |last=朱 |first=国琳 |date=2011-03-03 |script-title=zh:马呈祥在新疆 |url=http://szb.chinalxnet.com/html/2011-03/03/content_69671.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232306/http://szb.chinalxnet.com/html/2011-03/03/content_69671.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04 |script-newspaper=zh:民族日报-民族日报一版 (民族日报数字报刊平台à}}{{cite web |url=http://www.xjmg.org/show.aspx?id=1081&cid=10 |title=怀念我的父亲──韩有文 |last=韩 |first=芝华 |date=2009-10-16 |website=中国国民党革命委员会新疆维吾尔自治区委员会 |publisher= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906035505/http://www.xjmg.org/show.aspx?id=1081&cid=10 |archive-date=2017-09-06 |quote=}}

The book, "Who's who in China current leaders" shows that Han Youwen had been the chief of the "Kuomintang Qinghai province Police Bureau", in addition to his military service as commanding the "Kuomintang First Cavalry Division".{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exDlAAAAMAAJ&q=youwen+salar|title=Who's who in China current leaders|author="Zhongguo ren ming da ci dian" bian ji bu|year=1994|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|isbn=7-119-00725-4|page=185|access-date=2011-04-03}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOCFAAAAIAAJ&q=1988+Han+You+wen |title=中国人名大词典 |year=1989|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|isbn=0-8351-2352-9|page=195}}

In 1931, he joined the army under General Ma Bufang.

During World War II, he was an officer in the 5th Cavalry Army's 1st Provisional Cavalry Division.{{cite book|author=Charles D. Pettibone|title=The Organization and Order of Battle of Militaries in World War II: Volume VIII ? China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud6fkR8lQnEC&pg=PA468|date=May 2013|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=978-1-4669-9646-5|pages=468–}} Han survived an aerial bombardment by Japanese planes in Xining in 1941 while he was being directed via telephone from Ma Bufang, who hid in an air raid shelter in a military barracks. The bombing resulted in human flesh splattering a Blue Sky with a White Sun flag and Han being buried in rubble. Han Youwen was dragged out of the rubble while bleeding and he managed to grab a machine gun while he was limping and fired back at the Japanese warplanes and cursed the Japanese as dogs in his native Salar language.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

In Xining Han Youwen was the captain of the defense squadron.{{cite book|author=全国政协、青海省政协文史资料研究委员会《青海三马》编辑组|title=青海三马|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYzTAAAAMAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=Chinese Literature and History Press |page=118|isbn=9787503400292}}

Han was transferred from Qinghai to Xinjiang to serve in the 5th Cavalry Army under General Ma Chengxiang in the Ili Rebellion to fight against Soviet backed Uyghur rebels. Han led Chinese Muslim forces in a bloody battle against Soviet Russian and Mongol forces during the Pei-ta-shan Incident,{{Cite web |url=http://military.china.com/history4/62/20131205/18198373_8.html |title=鲜为人知的北塔山之战：民国与外蒙古的边境冲突_军事_中华网 |access-date=2016-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419141926/http://military.china.com/history4/62/20131205/18198373_8.html |archive-date=2016-04-19 }}[http://m.dwnews.com/history/big5/news/2014-07-21/59492149.html]{{dead link|date=June 2019}}{{cite web|url=http://culture.dwnews.com/history/news/2012-01-04/58475497-all.html|title=南疆起义赵锡光从国民党中将到共和国第九军军长_多维新闻网|website=culture.dwnews.com}} along with Hui Muslim General Ma Xizhen. As commander of the First Cavalry Division, General Han Youwen was sent to Beitashan by the Kuomintang military command to reinforce Ma Xizhen with a company of troops, approximately three months before the fighting broke out.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeBxAAAAMAAJ&q=han+youwen|title=Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident: ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949|author=David D. Wang|year=1999|publisher=The Chinese University Press|location=Hong Kong|page=274|isbn=962-201-831-9}} At Pei-ta-shan, Major General Han Youwen was in command of all the Muslim cavalry defending against Soviet and Mongol forces.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL7iAAAAMAAJ&q=The+commander+of+the+Moslem+cavalry+units+who+are+responsible+for+the+defence+of+the+Pei-ta-shan+area,+Major-General+Han+You-wen,+received+us+with+great+cordiality+and+talked+frankly+about+the+military+situation|title=Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, Volumes 36-38|author=Royal Central Asian Society, London|year=1949|publisher=Royal Central Asian Society.|page=67}} Han Youwen said "that he believed the border should be about 40 miles to the north of the mountains" to A. Doak Barnett, an American reporter.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA215 |title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|year=1986|publisher=CUP Archive|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-25514-7|page=215}} Han Youwen's 1st army division received at Beitashan Osman's forces after he retreated in battle. Qitai county was where Han Youwen's 1st army division of the 5th Army was headquartered in 1946, the following year, at the Beitashan incident Ma Xizhen battled the Mongols.{{cite book|author1=杨圣敏|author2=李廷江|title=新疆现代政治社会史略, 1912-1949年|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCcRAQAAMAAJ&q=%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%96%87++%E7%8B%97%E6%97%A5%E7%9A%84|year=1992|publisher=China Social Sciences Press|pages=450–451|isbn=9787500411802}}

Han Youwen commanded the Pau-an-dui 保安隊 (pacification soldiers), composed of 340 man battalions, of which he had three. They were composed of a diverse range of troops, including Kazaks, Mongols and White Russians serving the Chinese regime. He served with Osman Batur and his Kazakh forces in battling the ETR Ili Uyghur and Soviet forces around Altai.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL7iAAAAMAAJ&q=han+you-wen|title=Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, Volumes 36-38|author=Royal Central Asian Society, London|year=1949|publisher=Royal Central Asian Society.|page=71|access-date=2011-04-04}}

As listed in "Who's who in China current leaders", in 1949, during the Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China, he defected to the Communist People's Liberation Army, revolting against the Kuomintang in Urumqi. He continued to serve as an officer from 1949–1953 in the People's Liberation Army, "commander of the 7th Cavalry Division in the 22nd army". In 1953–1954 Han was then transferred to "3rd deputy chief of staff in Xinjiang Military Area Command".{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

The "China report" reported that in 1985 Han served as vice chairman of the "CPPCC committee" of Xinjiang, also as chairman of the "KMT revolution Committee's" Xinjiang branch. The report also contained a speech Han gave at a meeting.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-EsAAAAMAAJ&q=han+youwen|title=China report: political, sociological and military affairs, Issues 19-24|author=United States. Joint Publications Research Service|year=1985|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service|page=103|access-date=2011-04-04}}

In 1985 Han Youwen went on Hajj as part of an official delegation from China.{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaislam.net.cn/cms/genwoxuesongdubeifen/201206/01-1035.html|title=五十年大事记精选|website=chinaislam.net.cn}} Word spread around among Ma Bufang's family and followers from Qinghai who had moved to the Hejaz after the Communist victory that Han Youwen was still alive and they flocked to see him.

A meeting was inaugurated by Han Youwen in 1992.{{cite book|title=China news service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI8aAQAAMAAJ&q=%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%96%87++%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA|date=October 1992|page=93}} The electorate was put before him.{{cite book|title=Da gong bao|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XjIgAQAAMAAJ&q=%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%96%87++%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA|page=193}} His office was located in Qitai county of Changji Hui autonomous prefecture.{{cite book|title=新聞天地|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow48AAAAIAAJ&q=%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%96%87++%E7%8B%97%E6%97%A5%E7%9A%84|year=1998|publisher=新聞天地社|page=77}}

He served as one of the three Vice Chairman of Xinjiang under the Communist state. On January 16, 1993, in the People's Hall of Ürümqi he had been elected by the third session of the fourth CPPCC committee of Xinjiang, his election was reported by the media.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWj9NreO9zYC&pg=PA80 |title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim far northwest|author=Michael Dillon|year=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|page=80|isbn=0-415-32051-8}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qksAAAAMAAJ&q=han+youwen+salar|title=Daily report: People's Republic of China, Issues 242-249; Issues 251-253|author=United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service|year=1980|publisher=Distributed by National Technical Information Service|page=41}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1XVAAAAMAAJ&q=%2C+Uighur+nationality%29%2C+Han+Youwen+%28Salar|title=Summary of world broadcasts: Far East, Part 3|author=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service|year=1983|publisher=Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corp}}

Letter to Ma Chengxiang

38 years after splitting up, with Ma Chengxiang staying loyal to the Kuomintang, and Han Youwen defecting to the Communist Party and staying on mainland China, Han Youwen contacted Ma Chengxiang, reminiscing about defending Chinese territory in Xinjiang (against the Soviets and Uyghurs), the development of Xinjiang by the Communist party, and Islam.{{Cite web |url=http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0814/22/2812407_402002223.shtml |title=马呈祥在老满城-----------然也的博客屋 |access-date=2016-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420192249/http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0814/22/2812407_402002223.shtml |archive-date=2016-04-20 }}{{Cite web |url=http://culture.ts.cn/content/2013-05/24/content_8204575.htm |title=马呈祥在新疆 - 新疆天山网 |access-date=2016-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113417/http://culture.ts.cn/content/2013-05/24/content_8204575.htm |archive-date=2016-04-18 }} Ma Chengxiang met Han Youwen in Hong Kong.

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20120322070922/http://www.xjmg.org/show.aspx?id=1081&cid=10 怀念我的父亲──韩有文]
[http://www.generals.dk/general/Han_Yuwen/_/China.html Han Yuwen]
[http://baike.sogou.com/v70867361.htm 韩有文]
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184945/http://www.xjmg.org/show.aspx?id=1081&cid=10
http://www.xjmg.org/index.php?m%3DHome%26c%3DArticle%26a%3Ddetail%26id%3D4597 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817214414/http://www.xjmg.org/index.php?m%3DHome%26c%3DArticle%26a%3Ddetail%26id%3D4597 |date=2021-08-17 }}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20210817214418/http://www.zyx9000.com/index.php?m=Home&c=Article&a=detail&id=4597]
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Category:Salar people

Category:Chinese Muslim generals

Category:1912 births

Category:1998 deaths

Category:National Revolutionary Army generals from Qinghai

Category:Chinese police officers

Category:People from Haidong

Category:Chinese Civil War refugees

Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Qinghai

Category:Vice-chairmen of the CPPCC Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee