Hanbi

{{Short description|Mesopotamian god of evil}}

{{Mesopotamian myth|expanded=5}}

In Sumerian and Akkadian mythology (and Mesopotamian mythology in general) Hanbi or Hanpa (more commonly known in western text) was the lord of evil, lord of all evil forces (Udug) and the father of Pazuzu.{{Cite book |last=Bane |first=Theresa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njDRfG6YVb8C&dq=Hanbi+is+father+of+pazuzu&pg=PA157 |title=Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures |date=2014-01-10 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-8894-0 |pages=157 |language=en}}

Aside from his relationship with Pazuzu, very little is known of this figure.{{cite web |url=http://www.sarissa.org/sumer/sumer_g.php |title=Sumerian Deities |website=Sarissa.org |access-date=2010-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220041749/http://sarissa.org/sumer/sumer_g.php |archive-date=2010-12-20 }}{{Not in citation|date=December 2022}}

Some have connected Hanbi to Helel, the Jewish name generally equated to Lucifer in Christian thought. However, Hanbi's characteristic of being a shadow born in the underworld, different from the Sumerian gods (Dingir) of the underworld, would make him more similar to the concept of the Jewish shedim and se'iri or the Islamic shaitan.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}