Hanifi Rohingya script

{{Short description|Unified script for the Rohingya language}}

{{Infobox writing system

| name = Hanifi Rohingya script

| altname = {{Script|Rohg|𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴇𐴝𐴕𐴞𐴉𐴞 𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝}}
{{script/Arabic|رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ حَنِفِي لࣦكَ࣪}}
Ruáingga Hanifi leká

| languages = Rohingya language

| creator = Mohammad Hanif

| date = 1980s

| fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs

| fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic script

| fam3 = Phoenician script

| fam4 = Aramaic script

| fam5 = Nabataean script

| fam6 = Arabic script

| type = Alphabet

| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10D00.pdf U+10D00–U+10D3F]

| iso15924 = Rohg

| sample = Rohingya.svg

| caption = The word "Rohingya" written in the script

}}

The Hanifi Rohingya script is a unified script for the Rohingya language. Rohingya today is written in three scripts, Hanifi, Arabic (Rohingya Fonna), and Latin (Rohingyalish).{{cite web|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/rohingya.htm|title=Rohingya alphabets, pronunciation and language|website=Omniglot|publisher=Simon Ager|access-date=9 October 2017|archive-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115195650/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/rohingya.htm|url-status=live}} The Rohingya language was first written in the 19th century with a version of the Perso-Arabic script. In 1975, an orthographic Arabic script was developed and approved by the community leaders, based on the Urdu alphabet but with unique innovations to make the script suitable to Rohingya.

In the 1980s, Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues created a suitable phonetic script based on the Arabic alphabet; it has been compared to the N’ko script.

This script, unlike the Arabic script, is alphabetical, meaning that all vowels are independent letters, as opposed to diacritics as is the case in Arabic. However, vowels cannot stand on their own and always need to be connected to a consonant similar to diacritics. Therefore, diphthongs cannot be written as vowel-vowel combination even though typographically this is possible. Tone markers are shown as diacritics in Hanifi script. It is written from right to left, following the direction of the Arabic script.{{cite web |url=http://skyknowledge.com/rohingya.htm |title=Hanifi alphabet for Rohingya |last=James |first=Ian |date=5 July 2012 |website=Sky Knowledge |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209045803/http://skyknowledge.com/rohingya.htm |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Ager |first=Simon |title=Hanifi Rohingya alphabet |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hanifi.htm }}

Characters

The Rohingya script has 28 consonant letters and 10 vowel letters.

class="wikitable"

|+Letters

align="center" style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

| 𐴅

𐴄𐴃𐴂𐴁𐴀
align="center" style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

| 𐴋

𐴊𐴉𐴈𐴇𐴆
align="center" style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

| 𐴑

𐴐𐴏𐴎𐴍𐴌
align="center" style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

| 𐴗

𐴖𐴕𐴔𐴓𐴒
align="center" style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

|

𐴛𐴚𐴙𐴘

The script has 10 vowel letters.

class="wikitable"

|+Vowels

align="center" style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

|𐴡

𐴠𐴞𐴟𐴝
align="center"

|𐴧

|𐴦

|𐴥

|𐴤

|𐴣

The script has three tone markers that are shown as diacritics above the vowel letters. The tone markers indicate high, low or falling tones.

class="wikitable"

|+Tone marks

align=center style="font-size:200%;font-family:'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya';" |

| ◌𐴦

◌𐴥◌𐴤

Letters and their pronunciations and their equivalents

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+

Character This table can be viewed correctly using Firefox and the font Noto Sans Rohingya.

! Name

FinalMedial

!Latin Script

Arabic ScriptPronunciationUnicode {{Cite web | title=Unicode 11.0.0 | url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ | publisher=Unicode Consortium | access-date=2018-06-05 | archive-date=2018-06-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606184010/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ | url-status=live }}
𐴀| A𐴀ـ𐴀ـ

| -

ا, ع

| |{{IPAslink|ɔ}}, {{IPAslink|ʔ}}

| U+10D00
𐴁| BA𐴁𐴢 ـ𐴁ـ

|b

ب|{{IPAslink|b}}| U+10D01
𐴂| PA𐴂𐴢 ـ𐴂ـ

|p

پ|{{IPAslink|p}}| U+10D02
𐴃| TA𐴃𐴢 ـ𐴃ـ

|t

ت, ط|{{IPAslink|t}}| U+10D03
𐴄| TTA𐴄𐴢{{Cite web |date=2010-09-13 |title=EXAMPLE 1 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4016/23378.01 |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=SciVee}} ـ𐴄ـ

|th

ٹ|{{IPAslink|ʈ}}| U+10D04
𐴅|JA𐴅 ـ𐴅ـ

|j

ج|{{IPAslink|ɟ}}| U+10D05
𐴆| CA𐴆 ـ𐴆ـ

|ch

چ|{{IPAslink|c}}| U+10D06
𐴇| HA𐴇𐴢 ـ𐴇ـ

|h, h'

ح, ه|{{IPAslink|h}}| U+10D07
𐴈| KHA𐴈𐴢 ـ𐴈ـ

|h, kh

خ|{{IPAslink|x}}| U+10D08
𐴉| FA𐴉𐴢 ـ𐴉ـ

|f‌

‌ ف|{{IPAslink|f}}| U+10D09
𐴊| DA𐴊𐴢 ـ𐴊ـ

|d

‌د, ض|{{IPAslink|d}}| U+10D0A
𐴋| DDA𐴋 ـ𐴋ـ

|dh

ڈ|{{IPAslink|ɖ}}| U+10D0B
𐴌| RA𐴌ـ𐴌ـ

|r

ر|{{IPAslink|ɾ}}| U+10D0C
𐴍| RRA𐴍ـ𐴍ـ

ڑ|{{IPAslink|ɽ}}| U+10D0D
𐴎| ZA𐴎ـ𐴎ـ

|z

‌ ز, ذ, ظ|{{IPAslink|z}}| U+10D0E
𐴏| SA𐴏𐴢ـ𐴏ـ

|s

س, ث, ص|{{IPAslink|s}}| U+10D0F
𐴐| SHA𐴐𐴢ـ𐴐ـ

|c

‌ش|{{IPAslink|ʃ}}| U+10D10
𐴑| KA𐴑 ـ𐴑ـ

|k

‌ ک‌, ق|{{IPAslink|k}}| U+10D11
𐴒| GA𐴒𐴢ـ𐴒ـ

|g

‌ گ|{{IPAslink|ɡ}}| U+10D12
𐴓| LA𐴓𐴢 ـ𐴓ـ

|l

‌ ل|{{IPAslink|l}}| U+10D13
𐴔| MA𐴔ـ𐴔ـ

|m

م|{{IPAslink|m}}| U+10D14
𐴕| NA𐴕ـ𐴕ـ

|n

ن|{{IPAslink|n}}| U+10D15
𐴖| WA𐴖𐴢ـ𐴖ـ

|v

‌ و|{{IPAslink|ʋ}}, {{IPAslink|v}}| U+10D16
𐴗| KINNA WA𐴗𐴢ـ𐴗ـ

|u

‌ و|{{IPAslink|u̯}}
(for cluster or diphthong)
| U+10D17
𐴘| YA𐴘ـ𐴘ـ

|y

‌ ي|{{IPAslink|j}}| U+10D18
𐴙| KINNA YA𐴙𐴢ـ𐴙ـ

|i

‌ ي|{{IPAslink|i̯}}
(for cluster or diphthong)
| U+10D19
𐴚| NGA = gan𐴚ـ𐴚ـ

|ng

ڠ|{{IPAslink|ŋ}}| U+10D1A
𐴛| NYA = nayya𐴛ـ𐴛ـ

|ny

ني|{{IPAslink|ɲ}}| U+10D1B

= Vowels and tone markers =

class="wikitable"
Character

! Name

! Latin Script

! Arabic Script

! Pronunciation

! Unicode

! Character

! Name

! Latin Script

! Arabic Script

! Type

! IPA

! Unicode

align=center | 𐴝

| aa-for

| a

| ◌َ

| {{IPAslink|a}}

| U+10D1D

| align=center | 𐴢

| Sakin (Ttura/Les)

| none

| ◌ۡ

| Vowel silencer

| none

| U+10D22

align=center | 𐴞

| i-for

| i

|‌ ◌ِ

| {{IPAslink|i}}

| U+10D1E

| align=center | 𐴣

| Na-Khonna

| ñ (full letter)

| ں, ◌ً, ◌ࣧ, ◌ٍ, ◌ࣩ, ◌ٌ, ◌ࣨ

| Nasalization mark

| {{IPAslink|◌̃}}

| U+10D23

align=center | 𐴟

| u-for

| u

|‌ ◌ُ

| {{IPAslink|u}}

| U+10D1F

| align=center | ◌𐴤

| Harbai

| á (acute accent)

|‌ ◌࣪ / ◌࣭

| Short high tone

| {{IPAslink|˥}}

| U+10D24

align=center | 𐴠

| e-for

| e

| ◌ࣦ

| {{IPAslink|e}}

| U+10D20

| align=center | ◌𐴥

| Tela

| áa (double, acute at first)

| ◌࣫ / ◌࣮

| Long falling tone

| {{IPAslink|˥˩}}

| U+10D25

align=center | 𐴡

| o-for

| o

| ◌ࣤ, ◌ࣥ

| {{IPAslink|o}}

| U+10D21

| align=center | ◌𐴦

| Tana

| aá (double, acute at second)

| ◌࣬ / ◌࣯

| Long rising tone

| {{IPAslink|˨˦}}

| U+10D26

align="center" |𐴧

|Tassi

|

|

|

|U+10D27

| align="center" |

|

|double consonant

|

|

|

|

Numbers

Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues also created a set of numerals for the Rohingya language, The numbers are based on the Hindu–Arabic numerals but with some modifications.

class="wikitable"
align=center |

! rowspan=3|Name

| sifír

|ek

|dui

|tin

|sair

|fañs

|só

|háñt

|añctho

|no

style="font-size:100%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" dir="rtl"

| 𐴏𐴞𐴉𐴞𐴥𐴌

𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴊𐴟𐴘𐴃𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴙𐴌𐴉𐴝𐴣𐴏𐴢𐴏𐴡𐴥𐴇𐴝𐴥𐴣𐴃𐴢𐴀𐴝𐴣𐴐𐴄𐴡𐴕𐴡
dir="rtl"

| سِفِ࣭رۡ

اࣦكۡدُيۡتِنۡسَيۡرۡفَنسۡسࣤ࣪حَ࣪نتۡاَنشۡٹࣤنࣤ
align=center |

! Digit

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴰

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴱

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴲

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴳

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴴

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴵

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴶

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴷

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴸

| style="font-size:150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya', sans-serif;" | 𐴹

Number

|0

|1

|2

|3

|4

|5

|6

|7

|8

|9

align=center |

!Unicode

|U+10D30

|U+10D31

|U+10D32

|U+10D33

|U+10D34

|U+10D35

|U+10D36

|U+10D37

|U+10D38

|U+10D39

Unicode

{{main|Hanifi Rohingya (Unicode block)}}

The Hanifi Rohingya script was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2018 with the release of version 11.0. Proposals to include it in Unicode were written by linguist Anshuman Pandey.{{cite web|url=http://unicode.org/L2/L2015/15278-hanifi-rohingya.pdf|title=Proposal to encode the Hanifi Rohingya script in Unicode|last=Pandey|first=Anshuman|date=27 October 2015|website=The Unicode Consortium|access-date=9 October 2017|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212071859/http://unicode.org/L2/L2015/15278-hanifi-rohingya.pdf|url-status=live}}

The Unicode block for Hanifi Rohingya is U+10D00–U+10D3F and contains 50 characters:{{Cite web | title=Unicode 11.0.0 | url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ | publisher=Unicode Consortium | date=5 June 2018 | access-date=5 June 2018 | archive-date=6 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606184010/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ | url-status=live }}

{{Unicode chart Hanifi Rohingya}}

Fonts

Google's Noto Sans has developed a Rohingya script font called Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya, available at [https://github.com/notofonts/NotoSansHanifiRohingya GitHub].

Rohingya keyboard

File:Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg

A virtual keyboard was developed by Google for the Rohingya language in 2019 and allows users to type in the Rohingya script. Ahkter Husin, a Rohingya software developer developed a keyboard for Android phones which is available on Google Play Store. Users can download [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ahkter.rohingya_keyboard_pro here]. Ahkter Husin and Kyaw Zay Ya Lin Tun developed a keyboard app for iOS which can be found [https://apps.apple.com/ph/app/rohingya-keyboard/id1623030565 here]. The Rohingya Unicode keyboard layout can be found [https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/rhg/ here].

Sample text

The following is a sample text in Rohingya of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with English, contrasted with versions of the text in Bengali and Assamese.

class="wikitable"
Rohingya in Hanifi Script

|dir="rtl"|.{{Lang|rhg|𐴔𐴝𐴕𐴟𐴤𐴞𐴐 𐴁𐴠𐴒𐴧𐴟𐴤𐴕 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠,. 𐴝𐴌 𐴞𐴎𐴧𐴡𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴡𐴤𐴃, 𐴉𐴟𐴤𐴝𐴞𐴕𐴧𐴝 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴉𐴡𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴡𐴤𐴞𐴘𐴠. 𐴉𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴞𐴤 𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴇𐴡𐴕𐴡𐴤 𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴤𐴑. 𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴝 𐴠𐴓𐴝𐴕 𐴡𐴃 𐴀𐴏𐴠𐴤𐴊𐴠 𐴃𐴝𐴔𐴝𐴤𐴔 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴞 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴓𐴡𐴞 𐴉𐴝𐴥𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴌 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴝𐴌, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴠, 𐴊𐴞𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴊𐴠𐴔𐴝𐴑 𐴊𐴞𐴘𐴠𐴤. 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴝, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴓𐴡𐴞. 𐴝𐴌𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴁𐴝𐴤𐴞 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴔𐴝𐴧𐴔𐴠𐴓𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴏𐴝𐴦.|size=125%}}

Rohingya in Rohingya Arabic Script

|dir="rtl"|{{Script/Arabic|مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.}}

English original:

|"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

References

{{reflist}}