Haplogroup O (mtDNA)

{{Short description|Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup}}

{{about|the human mtDNA haplogroup|the human Y-DNA haplogroup|Haplogroup O-M175}}

Haplogroup O mtDNA is a haplogroup derived from haplogroup N and found in Oceania.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1086/425871 | volume=75 | title=Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup N in India, Based on Complete Sequencing: Implications for the Peopling of South Asia | year=2004 | journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics | pages=966–978 | last1 = Malliya | issue=6 | pmc=1182158 | pmid=15467980}} Specifically, it is found among Aboriginal Australians.{{cite journal |last1=van Holst Pellekaan |first1=Sheila M. |last2=Ingman |first2=Max |last3=Roberts-Thomson |first3=June |last4=Harding |first4=Rosalind M. |title=Mitochondrial genomics identifies major haplogroups in Aboriginal Australians |journal=American Journal of Biological Anthropology |volume=131 |issue=2 |date=October 2006 |pages=282–294 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20426 |pmid=16596590 }}{{cite journal |last1=Rasmussen |first1=Morten |last2=Guo |first2=Xiaosen |last3=Wang |first3=Yong |last4=Lohmueller |first4=Kirk E. |last5=Rasmussen |first5=Simon |last6=Albrechtsen |first6=Anders |last7=Skotte |first7=Line |last8=Lindgreen |first8=Stinus |last9=Metspalu |first9=Mait |display-authors=8 |title=An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia |journal=Science |volume=334 |issue=6052 |date=2011-10-07 |pages=94–98 |doi=10.1126/science.1211177 |pmid=21940856 |hdl=10072/43493 |hdl-access=free }} Its defining mutations are G6755A, C9140T, and G16213A.{{cite web |url=https://www.phylotree.org/tree/N.htm |title=PhyloTree.org - mtDNA tree Build 17 (18 Feb 2016): subtree N }}

It is one of the rarest haplogroups. As of 2022, FamilyTreeDNA reports that only 4 people in their customer base who have tested their complete mitochondrial sequences are members of the haplogroup.{{cite web |url=https://www.familytreedna.com/public/mt-dna-haplotree/O |title=Haplotree |access-date= 30 August 2022}} YFull reports 9 known members, 8 of whom are stated to be from Australia, and that the haplogroup is at least 20,000 years old.{{cite web |url=https://www.yfull.com/mtree/O/ |title=O MTree |access-date=30 March 2024}}

The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:

class="wikitable sortable"
scope="col"|Phylotree Haplogroup||scope="col"|YFull Haplogroup||scope="col"|GenBank ID||scope="col"|Alternate ID||scope="col"|State/Region
O	O-a1	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY595606 KY595606]	AUS41	Queensland{{cite journal |last1=Nagle |first1=Nano |last2=van Oven |first2=Mannis |last3=Wilcox |first3=Stephen |last4=van Holst Pellekaan |first4=Sheila |last5=Tyler-Smith |first5=Chris |last6=Xue |first6=Yali |last7=Ballantyne |first7=Kaye N. |last8=Wilcox |first8=Leah |last9=Papac |first9=Luka |last10=Cooke |first10=Karen |last11=van Oorschot |first11=Roland A. H. |last12=McAllister |first12=Peter |last13=Williams |first13=Lesley |last14=Kayser |first14=Manfred |last15=Mitchell |first15=R. John |title=Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity |journal=Scientific Reports |date=2017-03-13 |volume=7 |doi=10.1038/srep43041 |pmid=28287095 |pmc=5347126 |page=Supplementary Figure 2 }}
O	O-a1a	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY289059 AY289059]	Aus23	Northern Territory
O	O-a1a	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY595554 KY595554]	AUS39	Queensland
O	O-a1a	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY595619 KY595619]	AUS40	Queensland
O1	O-a2	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY595668 KY595668]	AUS38	Queensland
O1	O1	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/DQ404447 DQ404447]	AUD38	Northern Territory desert
O1a	O1a	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY289056 AY289056]	Aus20	Northern Territory
O1a	O1a	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY289058 AY289058]	Aus22	Northern Territory

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