Haris Silajdžić

{{Short description|Bosnian politician and academic (born 1945)}}

{{Infobox Officeholder

| name = Haris Silajdžić

| image = Haris Silajdžić 1995.jpg

| caption = Silajdžić in 1995

| office = 13th Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| term_start = 6 March 2010

| term_end = 10 November 2010

| predecessor = Željko Komšić

| successor = Nebojša Radmanović

| term_start2 = 6 March 2008

| term_end2 = 6 November 2008

| predecessor2 = Željko Komšić

| successor2 = Nebojša Radmanović

| office3 = 5th Bosniak Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| term_start3 = 6 November 2006

| term_end3 = 10 November 2010

| primeminister3 = Adnan Terzić
Nikola Špirić

| predecessor3 = Sulejman Tihić

| successor3 = Bakir Izetbegović

| office4 = Co-chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| president4 = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1= Alija Izetbegović
Momčilo Krajišnik
Živko Radišić
Krešimir Zubak
Ante Jelavić}}

| alongside4 = Boro Bosić (1997–99)
Svetozar Mihajlović (1999–2000)

| term_start4 = 3 January 1997

| term_end4 = 6 June 2000

| predecessor4 = Office established

| successor4 = Spasoje Tuševljak {{small|(as Chairman of the Council of Ministers)}}

| office5 = Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| president5 = Krešimir Zubak

| term_start5 = 31 May 1994

| term_end5 = 31 January 1996

| predecessor5 = Office established

| successor5 = Izudin Kapetanović

| office6 = Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| president6 = Alija Izetbegović

| deputy6 = Zlatko Lagumdžija

| term_start6 = 25 October 1993

| term_end6 = 30 January 1996

| predecessor6 = Mile Akmadžić

| successor6 = Hasan Muratović

{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Ministerial offices

| cont = yes

| titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| embed = yes

| office7 = Minister of Foreign Affairs

| primeminister7 = Jure Pelivan
Mile Akmadžić

| term_start7 = 20 December 1990

| term_end7 = 30 October 1993

| predecessor7 = Office established

| successor7 = Irfan Ljubijankić

}}

{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional positions

| cont = yes

| titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| embed = yes

| office8 = President of the Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina

| term_start8 = 13 April 1996

| term_end8 = 6 March 2012

| predecessor8 = Office established

| successor8 = Amer Jerlagić

}}

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|10|01|df=y}}

| birth_place = Breza, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia

| nationality = Bosnian

| party = Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina {{small|(1996–present)}}

| otherparty = Party of Democratic Action {{small|(1990–1996)}}

| spouse = {{plainlist|

{{marriage|Maja Zvonić|reason=div.}}
{{marriage|Selma Muhedinović|2016}}

}}

| children = 1

| alma_mater = University of Pristina (MA, PhD)

}}

Haris Silajdžić ({{IPA|bs|xaris silajdʒitɕ}}; born 1 October 1945) is a Bosnian politician and academic who served as the 5th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2006 to 2010. He was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1993 to 1996.

Silajdžić was born in Breza in 1945. He earned his master's degree and doctorate from the University of Pristina. During the Bosnian War, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1990 to 1993, and later as Prime Minister. In the height of the war, Silajdžić was one of the most influential Bosnian officials and a close ally of the country's first president, Alija Izetbegović. From 1994 until 1996, he served as the first Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After his term as Federal Prime Minister ended, he was appointed Co-chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997, serving until 2000.

In the 2006 general election, Silajdžić was elected Bosniak member of the Bosnian Presidency. He served as member until 2010, after losing his bid for re-election in the 2010 general election. Originally, a prominent member of Alija Izetbegović's Party of Democratic Action, Silajdžić left the party in 1996 to establish the Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBiH). As both president of SBiH and Presidency member, he took part in many constitutional reform talks, most notably in those regarding the 2006 April package, a compromise proposal for constitutional amendments which included, among other things, an individual president indirectly elected by Parliament, as opposed to being directly elected by popular vote. Silajdžić served as SBiH's president until 2012.

Early political career

From 1990 to 1993, during the Bosnian War, Silajdžić served as the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and as the Prime Minister from October 1993 to January 1996. Originally, he was a member and vice-president of the Party of Democratic Action (SDA), but broke away from the party in 1996 by funding his own Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBiH).{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/balkans/bosnia-herzegovina.html|title=CBC News Indepth: Balkans|publisher=Cbc.ca|access-date=27 September 2011}} His SBiH entered the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina and become one of the leading Bosnian Muslim parties the following year.{{sfn|Šedo|2013|p=88}} Also from 31 May 1994 to 31 January 1996, Silajdžić served as the first Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

During the war, he was a strong ally and type of a consultant of Alija Izetbegović, the first and only president of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

After the end of the war, on 3 January 1997, he was appointed to the position of Co-chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving alongside Boro Bosić and Svetozar Mihajlović until 6 June 2000.

In the 2000 parliamentary election, the SBiH formed a coalition with the Social Democratic Party, a party led by former wartime deputy prime minister Zlatko Lagumdžija, to gain the majority and force the nationalist parties out of power. They gathered a coalition of many other small parties to create the "Alliance for Change". The coalition government facilitated the passage of the Election Law, which was not only an important step towards democracy, but also a prerequisite to Bosnia and Herzegovina's accession to the Council of Europe.{{cite web|url=http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pressr/default.asp?content_id%3D539|title=ohr.int|access-date=3 November 2006}}{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The SDP BiH and the SBiH led the government until the October 2002 general election, when the public, dissatisfied at the pace of political reform, elected the nationalist parties back into power.{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanforum.net/country/bosnia/|title=Country not found country update – European Forum – for Democracy and Solidarity|website=Europeanforum.net|access-date=17 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815123223/http://www.europeanforum.net/country/bosnia|archive-date=15 August 2016}}

Presidency (2006–2010)

=2006 general election=

Silajdžić had a strong political comeback in the 2006 general election, obtaining 62.8% of the vote and getting elected as the 5th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.{{cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/cik-silajdzic-komsic-i-radmanovic-clanovi-predsjednistva-bih/061002052|title=CIK: Silajdžić, Komšić i Radmanović članovi Predsjedništva BiH|date=2 October 2006|access-date=17 April 2020|language=bs|publisher=Klix.ba}}

=Domestic policy=

In 2007, the International Court of Justice in the Hague acquitted Serbia of the charges of complicity in genocide brought against the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" by the Bosnian government.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6395791.stm Court clears Serbia of genocide], bbc.co.uk; accessed 11 March 2016. Silajdžić expressed disappointment at the court's ruling, but welcomed the fact that the court "ruled that Serbia and Montenegro had violated the Genocide Convention by not preventing or punishing the perpetrators of the genocide."{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6401583.stm|title=Bosnia genocide ruling splits regional media|publisher=BBC News|date=28 February 2007|access-date=11 March 2016}}

Silajdžić was a member of the Bosnian delegation which negotiated the US-brokered Dayton Agreement. He continued stressing that the document was essential in ending the genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but later saw it as an obstacle in reunifying the country. Making strong steps and claims in 2006 and 2007 towards canceling certain parts of the Dayton Agreement, Silajdžić directly opposed the constitution of the country, thus being a very controversial political figure, famous on the Bosniak and infamous on the Serbian side. His main goals were abolishing the existence of Republika Srpska, breaking certain relations with Serbia and reforming the country towards unity.

In the 2010 general election, Silajdžić decided to run for a second term in the Presidency, but failed to do so when election day came, getting only 25.10% of the votes, 5% less than Fahrudin Radončić and 9% less than elected Bakir Izetbegović, the son of Alija Izetbegović.

During his four-year term as Presidency member, Silajdžić was backed by authorities and organizations throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina that voiced dissatisfaction with the Dayton Agreement provisions and opposed the autonomy of the Republika Srpska entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina.[http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1077525.html Profile], rferl.org; accessed 11 March 2016.{{cite web|last=Gienger|first=Viola|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=ahF.pC15vn6Y&refer=europe|title=Bosnian Wartime Leader Calls for Revival of U.S. Role by Obama|publisher=Bloomberg|date=14 February 2009|access-date=27 September 2011}}

==Constitutional reform==

The 2005 Opinion of the Venice Commission, an advisory body of the Council of Europe, which coincided with the 10th anniversary of the Dayton Agreement opened the debate on a constitutional reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the impulse of U.S. diplomacy, with a view of modernizing the country's institutions.U.S. Department of State. "Bosnia Ten Years Later: Successes and Challenges". Speech by R. Nicholas Burns, Under Secretary for Political Affairs, Washington DC, November 21, 2005

The U.S. Ambassador Douglas L. McElhaney in Sarajevo and Ambassador Donald Hays in Washington led the U.S. talks with party leaders and the initiative to draft a compromise proposal for constitutional amendments, dubbed the April Package (aprilski paket). Overall, the April Package would have better defined and partly expanded State competences, and streamlined institutions, partly limiting the veto powers of ethnic groups. The amended Constitution would have included, among other things, an individual President (with two deputies, one for each constituent people, to rotate every 16 months instead of 8), indirectly elected by Parliament with a more ceremonial role, and a reinforced Chairman of the Council of Ministers.[http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3084/1/Davide_Denti_-_PhD_thesis_-_The_European_Union_and_Member_State_Building_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.pdf Davide Denti], The European Union and Member State Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina, PhD thesis, University of Trento, 2018

At the moment of Parliamentary approval, the constitutional amendments failed by 2 votes, only gathering 26 MPs in favour over 42, instead of the required 28. This was due to the maximalist pre-electoral positions taken by Silajdžić's SBiH (wishing to abolish also entity voting) and by the Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ 1990) splinter party, who felt the proposal did not sufficiently protect the Bosnian Croats. The U.S. would try to rescue the April Package by facilitating further talks in 2007 between Milorad Dodik (now in power in Republika Srpska) and Silajdžić (now a member of the Presidency), but to no avail.

=Foreign policy=

File:Pm sanader receives bosnian presidency member.jpg, 22 January 2009]]

Silajdžić opposed the ratification of an agreement with Croatia on dual citizenship. According to the Bosnian nationality law, which was valid at the time, all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina who did not renounce their citizenship with whom the country did not have an agreement on dual citizenship, would lose their Bosnian citizenship.{{cite web|url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/hrvatska_bih_dvojno_drzavljanstvo/1022730.html|title="Ugovorno" dvojno državljanstvo|date=20 February 2008|access-date=30 January 2025|language=bs|author=Dženana Karabegović|publisher=Radio Slobodna Evropa}} This was problematic for almost half a million Bosnian Croats, who would remain without Bosnian citizenship until 2014. The Bosnian Presidency would eventually ratify the Agreement with Croatia in October 2011.Zoran Krešić: [http://www.vecernji.ba/dvojno-drzavljanstvo-vise-nije-zabranjeno-458682 Dvojno državljanstvo više nije zabranjeno]. Večernji list, 30 September 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2025.

=Reaction to Kosovo's independence=

Following Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia, Silajdžić said simply that his country was "unlikely to recognize Kosovo's independence any time soon due to strong objections from its own Serb community."{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7662149.stm | title= Kosovo receives recognition boost | work=Official website | publisher=BBC | accessdate=2008-10-10 | date=2008-10-10}}{{cite web |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=151277&bolum=109 |title=Doubtful Kosovo passports |author=Hajrudin Somun |publisher=Today's Zaman |date=2008-08-27 |accessdate=2008-09-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921035047/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=151277&bolum=109 |archivedate=2008-09-21 }} While attending the Sixty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2008, Silajdžić said in a Voice of America interview broadcast back to Bosnia and Herzegovina that he supported Kosovo's independence and was opposed to Serbia's request that the International Court of Justice issue an opinion on the legitimacy of Kosovo's independence.{{cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/About/2008-09-27-balkan-presidents.cfm|title=VOA Interviews Balkan Presidents on Kosovo|date=2008-09-27|publisher=Voice of America|accessdate=2009-03-31|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515050130/http://www.voanews.com/english/About/2008-09-27-balkan-presidents.cfm|archivedate=2009-05-15}} Silajdžić spoke in his own name because the Bosnian Presidency did not unanimously adopt a platform which would have allowed him to speak officially.{{cite news|url=http://www.24sata.info/17224 |title=Nebojša Radmanović: "Silajdžić istupa u svoje ime" |date=2008-09-18 |publisher=24sata.info |language=Serbian |accessdate=2009-03-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728175148/http://www.24sata.info/17224 |archivedate=2011-07-28 }}

Personal life

Silajdžić has been married to former Bosnian pop singer Selma Muhedinović since 2016, after he had reportedly been in a relationship with her for over fifteen years.{{cite web|url=https://radiosarajevo.ba/magazin/showbiz/da-li-su-haris-silajdzic-i-selma-muhedinovic-stali-na-ludi-kamen/218924|title=Da li su Haris Silajdžić i Selma Muhedinović stali na ludi kamen?|date=9 March 2016|access-date=27 March 2016|language=bs|publisher=Radio Sarajevo}} Silajdžić said that their mutual tendency towards art, his being poetry and hers being music, was what initially sparked their attraction. They live in Sarajevo. He was previously married to Maja Zvonić, with whom he has a son.{{cite web|url=https://www.rtvbn.com/377878/Ponovo-se-ozenio-Haris-Silajdzic|title=Ponovo se oženio Haris Silajdžić|date=10 March 2016|access-date=10 March 2016|language=bs|publisher=RTV BN}}

=Health=

On 27 May 2020, Silajdžić underwent a successful open heart surgery in Sarajevo after he decided to have surgery due to the worsening situation with his blood vessels in his heart.{{cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/harisu-silajdzicu-uspjesno-operisano-srce-u-sarajevu/200527120|title=Harisu Silajdžiću uspješno operisano srce u Sarajevu|date=27 May 2020|access-date=27 May 2020|language=bs|author=A.D.|publisher=Klix.ba}}

Awards and honours

In July 1995, Silajdžić was conferred the Croatian Order of Duke Trpimir.[http://www.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeno/1995/0912.htm 46 07.07.1995 Odluka kojom se odlikuju Redom kneza Trpimira s ogrlicom i Danicom]

In 2005, he received a Doctorate in International Relations honoris causa by the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, a for-profit business whose lack of university accreditation has put it under the spotlight of the news media.{{Cite web |last=Lanci |first=Camille |date=2022-11-16 |title=Geneva private universities come under the spotlight |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/geneva-private-universities-come-under-the-spotlight/47786510 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-04-28 |title=#95 The G{{!}}O Briefing, April 28, 2022 |url=https://www.thegenevaobserver.com/briefings/78-the-g-o-briefing-april-28-2022/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=THE GENEVA OBSERVER |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-07-14 |title=A Genève, des universités privées proposent des formations onéreuses non reconnues par les autorités académiques suisses |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/geneve/13238587-a-geneve-des-universites-privees-proposent-des-formations-onereuses-non-reconnues-par-les-autorites-academiques-suisses.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=rts.ch |language=fr}}{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=À Genève, des "universités" privées aux pratiques douteuses |url=https://fr.news.yahoo.com/%C3%A0-gen%C3%A8ve-universit%C3%A9s-priv%C3%A9es-pratiques-101507073.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Yahoo News |language=fr-FR}}{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=À Genève, des "universités" privées aux pratiques douteuses |url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/a-geneve-des-universites-privees-aux-pratiques-douteuses |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Courrier international |language=fr}}{{cite web |title=Honorary Degree Recipients |url=http://genevadiplomacy.com/faculty-at-gsd/honorary-degree-recipients/ |publisher=Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228051752/http://genevadiplomacy.com/faculty-at-gsd/honorary-degree-recipients/ |archive-date=28 February 2011 }} In 2018, Silajdžić was conferred Nishan-e-Pakistan for his services to Pakistan by the president of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain.{{fv|date=October 2024}}{{cite news |title=President Mamnoon confers civil awards on Yaum-i-Pakistan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1397075 |work=Dawn}}{{cite news |title=Haris Silajdžić odlikovan jednim od najvažnijih priznanja Pakistana |url=https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/vijesti/bosna-i-hercegovina/haris-silajdzic-odlikovan-jednim-od-najvaznijih-priznanja-pakistana/318908 |work=Radio Sarajevo |language=bs |access-date=19 November 2018}}

Orders

60px Order of Duke Trpimir: 1995
File:Order_of_Pakistan.png Nishan-e-Pakistan: 2018

References

;Notes

;Books

{{cite book|last=Šedo |first=Jakub |year=2013 |chapter=The party system of Bosnia and Herzegovina |editor-last1=Stojarová |editor-first1=Vera |editor-last2=Emerson |editor-first2=Peter |title=Party Politics in the Western Balkans |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135235857 }}

External links

[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7528901.stm Interview from the BBC's Hardtalk current affairs program]
[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/bosnia/jan-june97/bosnia_5-13.html An interview with Haris Silajdžić] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030032711/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/bosnia/jan-june97/bosnia_5-13.html |date=30 October 2013 }}
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/hardtalk/3890537.stm Haris Silajdžić interview] with Tim Sebastian
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930232051/http://euronews.net/create_html.php?page=detail_info&article=382949&lng=1 Bosnia's new leadership takes shape]

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{{s-ttl|title=Prime Minister of the Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina|years=1993–1996}}

{{s-ttl|title=Co-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina|years=1997–2000|alongside=Boro Bosić: 1997–1999
Svetozar Mihajlović: 1999–2000}}

{{s-ttl|title=Bosniak Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|years=2006–2010}}

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