Harold Gourley

{{Short description|British civil engineer (1886–1956)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox engineer

|image =

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|name = Harold John Frederick Gourley

|nationality = British

|birth_date = 1886

|birth_place = Liverpool

|death_date = 18 December 1956

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|education =

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|children =

|discipline = Civil,

|institutions = Institution of Civil Engineers (president)

|practice_name =

|significant_projects =

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}}

File:ICE editathon - One Great George Street - 19 July 2013 20 Plaque listing presidents (1 of 2 closeup).jpg presidents, at their One Great George Street headquarters]]

Harold John Frederick Gourley (1886–18 December 1956) was a British civil engineer.{{Citation | first = Garth | last = Watson| title = The Civils | publisher = London: Thomas Telford Ltd | page = 253 | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-7277-0392-7}}

Gourley was born in Liverpool in 1886.{{Citation | last = Masterton | first = Gordon | title = ICE Presidential Address | year = 2005 | url = http://www.ice.org.uk/downloads//presidents_address_2005(1).pdf | access-date = 2009-02-11 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090224220450/http://www.ice.org.uk/downloads//presidents_address_2005(1).pdf | archive-date = 24 February 2009 | df = dmy-all }} He was the holder of a Master of Engineering degree.{{Citation | last = Institution of Civil Engineers | author-link = Institution of Civil Engineers | title = Past Presidents | url = http://www.ice.org.uk/about_ice/president_past.asp | access-date = 2009-10-21 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090927184518/http://www.ice.org.uk/about_ice/president_past.asp | archive-date = 27 September 2009 | df = dmy-all }} On 5 October 1912 he gave a lecture to the Salford Technical and Engineering Association on reinforced concrete construction.{{Citation | last = University of Salford|author-link = University of Salford | title = Post-1974 [Gloucestershire] County Council Records | url = http://www.ils.salford.ac.uk/library/resources/special/stea1995.pdf | access-date =2009-10-21 }} He also submitted a paper for publication in the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers investigating the flow of water over circular weirs.{{Citation | last = The National Archives|author-link = The National Archives| title = Institution of Civil Engineers: Catalogue of Original Communications | url = http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=107-oc&cid=-1&Gsm=2008-06-18#-1| access-date =2009-10-21 }}

During the First World War Gourley served as a commissioned officer in the Corps of Royal Engineers of the British Army. By 1917 he was a Second Lieutenant in the Territorial Force (the army's volunteer reserve) and was also an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers.{{London Gazette|issue=30410|page=12641|date=30 November 1917|supp=y}} He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 1 December 1917. Gourley was made Second-in-Command of a field company and on 8 July 1918 was given the acting rank of Captain whilst he held this command{{London Gazette|issue=30858|page=9814|date=20 August 1918|supp=y}} Gourley was promoted to acting Major on 24 January 1919, by which point he was serving in the Welsh Division.{{London Gazette|issue=31672|page=15032|date=2 December 1919|supp=y}} He reverted to his permanent rank of Lieutenant on 31 March 1919 on ceasing to be employed (due to the end of the war).{{London Gazette|issue=31466 |page=9245|date=18 July 1919|supp=y}} After the war he continued to be liable to recall to the army as he belonged to the Reserve of Officers until he reached the age limit on 14 November 1936.{{London Gazette|issue=34340|page=7347|date=13 November 1936}}

On 22 April 1938 Gourley was appointed a land tax commissioner for the City of Westminster and its Liberties.{{London Gazette|issue=34504|page=2638|date=22 April 1938}} Before 1935 he wrote a paper for Engineering entitled "Great works of the Roman invaders".{{Citation | last1 = Potter|first1=Marion E|last2=Teich|first2=Louise D|last3=Baker|first3=Leone| title = The industrial arts index 1935| url = https://archive.org/stream/industrialartsin001353mbp/industrialartsin001353mbp_djvu.txt| access-date =2009-10-22 }} In 1945 he conducted a general survey of the water resources of Gloucestershire for the county planning office.{{Citation | last = The National Archives|author-link = The National Archives| title = Salford Technical and Engineering Association | url = http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=040-k_1a&cid=-1&Gsm=2008-06-18#-1| access-date =2009-10-21 }} On 28 January 1949 he was a main speaker at a discussion on river flow surveys and records at Burlington House which was chaired by Sir Roger Hetherington and covered in The Observatory.{{Citation | title = River flow survey and records | journal = The Observatory | volume = 69 | pages = 57–61 | year = 1949 | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1949Obs....69...57./0000057.000.html |bibcode = 1949Obs....69...57. }} During this period he was described as a "well known consulting engineer".

On 21 September 1951 he was one of 35 people injured by the Weedon rail crash, the derailment of a passenger train on the West Coast Main Line near to Weedon Bec which killed 15 people.{{Citation | first = Garth | last = Watson| title = The Civils | publisher = London: Thomas Telford Ltd | page = 89 | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-7277-0392-7}} He was partially handicapped as a result and was awarded £47,720 damages by Mr Justice Pearce in the Queen's Bench Division in a judgment delivered on 1 April 1954, comprising £37,720 for loss of earnings, £9,000 for pain, suffering and loss of amenity, and £1,000 for out-of-pocket expenses.{{Citation | title = Record verdict to rail passenger | newspaper = The Canberra Times | page = 1 | date = 3 April 1954| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2900905 | access-date =2009-10-21}} The damages awarded for loss of earnings were not subject to tax, but the amount awarded did not take account of the fact that the net earnings retained by Gourley - if he had not been injured - would have been reduced substantially by tax. An appeal against the damages was dismissed by the Court of Appeal, but the House of Lords reduced the damages for loss of earnings to £6,695, to take account of the hypothetical income tax and surtax that would have been due on the actual earnings, setting a legal precedent known as the Gourley principle that remains important in English law.[1956] A.C. 185

Gourley became president of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) in November 1956. He died just six weeks into his term on 18 December 1956, becoming the first elected president to die whilst in office (Thomas Telford, who was president-for-life, had previously died in office). As the ICE council was empowered to fill any vacancy except that of president a Special General Meeting was called. During this meeting Sir Frederick Arthur Whitaker was elected as president to take effect from February. Whitaker served the remainder of Gourley's term in addition to the full 1957-58 term. A portrait of Gourley hangs in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London.{{Citation | last = National Portrait Gallery|author-link = National Portrait Gallery (London)| title = Harold John Frederick Gourley | url = http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php?LinkID=mp76778&rNo=0&role=sit | access-date =2009-10-21 }}