Harold H. Saunders

Saunders graduated from Princeton University in 1952 with an A.B. and Yale University in 1955 with a Ph.D, prior to joining the United States Air Force to fulfill the mandatory service requirement, which led to a liaison role with the Central Intelligence Agency.{{cite book|editor=Philip Mattar|title=Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East|year=2004|publisher=Thomson/Gale|location=New York|isbn=978-0-02-865987-9|edition=2nd}} Saunders joined the National Security Council staff in 1961, serving through the Johnson administration as the NSC's Mideast expert during June 1967 Six-Day War. He died of prostate cancer in 2016.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/09/world/middleeast/harold-h-saunders-mideast-peace-broker-dies-at-85.html|title = Harold H. Saunders, Mideast Peace Broker, Dies at 85|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 9 March 2016|last1 = Roberts|first1 = Sam}}

Saunders joined the Kissinger shuttles in October 1973 as an integral part of the small team of American diplomats led by Kissinger, with whom Saunders worked for the next eight years.{{cite book|last=Horne|first=Alistair|title=Kissinger : 1973, the crucial year|year=2009|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7432-7283-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/kissinger1973cru0000horn/page/352 352]|url=https://archive.org/details/kissinger1973cru0000horn|url-access=registration|quote=saunders kissinger shuttles.|edition=1st Simon & Schuster hardcover}} During this period from 1973 to 1975, the Kissinger team helped negotiate a number of key disengagement agreements between Egypt and Israel. In 1974, Saunders was appointed deputy assistant secretary of state for the Near East and North Africa.

In a 2010 article for Foreign Policy magazine, long-term Middle East analyst and negotiator Aaron David Miller credited the "brilliant" Saunders with coining the term "peace process," in connection with negotiations over conflict in the Middle East.{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Aaron David|title=The False Religion of Mideast Peace|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/19/the_false_religion_of_mideast_peace|accessdate=7 July 2011|newspaper=Foreign Policy|date=May–June 2010}}

As assistant secretary of state for the Near East and South Asia under President Carter, Saunders played a critical behind-the-scenes role during the 1978 negotiations at Camp David, culminating in the two framework agreements comprising the Camp David Accords, leading directly to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty in the following year, which Saunders helped draft.

In 1979, following the revolution in Iran, Saunders coordinated efforts to secure the release of the U.S. embassy staff held during the Iran hostage crisis.

In October 2010, the Dartmouth Conference celebrated its 50th anniversary of a dialogue between Russian and American citizens,{{cite web|title=Dartmouth Conference Celebrates 50th Anniversary|url=http://www.kettering.org/news_room/news_listing/dartmouth-conference-celebrates-50th-anniversary|work=News Release|publisher=Kettering Foundation|accessdate=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928061218/http://www.kettering.org/news_room/news_listing/dartmouth-conference-celebrates-50th-anniversary|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}} which began as a critically needed back-channel at the behest of President Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Khrushchev in 1960. Although program takes its name from Dartmouth College, where the first meeting was held, it has no affiliation with the American educational institution. James Voorhees's 2002 book published by the United States Institute of Peace, Dialogue Sustained, chronicles the first four decades of the dialogue.{{cite book|last=Voorhees|first=James|title=Dialogue sustained : the multilevel peace process and the Dartmouth Conference|year=2002|publisher=United States Institute of Peace Press|location=Washington, DC|isbn=1-929223-30-7|pages=470|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S__7BhFf1O4C&pg=PP1}} For the Dartmouth Conference's 50th anniversary, the Kettering Foundation published an additional volume to commemorate and chronicle all five decades.{{cite web|title=The Dartmouth Conference: the first 50 years|url=http://www.kettering.org/media_room/publications/dartmouth-50-specialpub|publisher=Kettering Foundation|accessdate=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928061224/http://www.kettering.org/media_room/publications/dartmouth-50-specialpub|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}}

The Inter-Tajik Dialogue developed out of Saunders's work with the Dartmouth Conference Regional Conflicts Task Force as a series of unofficial, Track II dialogues between warring factions in the Tajik civil war.{{cite news|url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/tajikistan/inter-tajik-dialogue.php|title= The Inter-Tajik Dialogue: from civil war towards civil society|date=March 2001|work=Conciliation Resources|accessdate=2010-12-08}} The dialogues took place in Moscow, beginning in 1993 and lasting until 2003, during which 35 meetings took place.

The Sustained Dialogue Institute is an independent tax-exempt 501 (c)(3) organization formed in collaboration with the Kettering Foundation. Saunders served as president of the institute from its founding in 2002 until June 2013 and remained Board Chair until his passing in 2016.{{Cite web|url=http://sustaineddialogue.org/about-us/|title = About Us | SDI|date = 23 January 2015}} The Institute helps citizens around the world to transform their conflictual or destructive relationships and to design and implement sustainable change processes.

In 1991, Saunders facilitated Israeli and Palestinian citizen-leaders who forged and signed the historic document, "Framework for a Public Peace Process" .Stanford Center on International Conflict and Negotiation, Beyond War Foundation, FRAMEWORK FOR A PUBLIC PEACE PROCESS: Toward a Peaceful Israeli-Palestinian Relationship, 1991. [http://traubman.igc.org/ppp.pdf PDF] This inspired the 1992 birth of the Jewish-Palestinian Living Room Dialogue in California, a model of Saunders' citizen-to-citizen Sustained Dialogue with domestic and global impact. The Sustained Dialogue process itself is now used on college campuses throughout the world to facilitate better community relations, under the work of the Sustained Dialogue Campus Network. His legacy endures for negotiators and citizens equally: "There are some things only governments can do, such as negotiating binding agreements. But there are some things that only citizens outside government can do, such as changing human relationships."Saunders, Harold H. (2005). Politics is about relationship : a blueprint for the citizens' century (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|1403971455}} Saunders' legacy was reflected in the 2017 Commencement Address of Notre Dame de Namur University,Notre Dame de Namur University{{Circular reference|date=November 2017}}"STORIES OF CHANGE: Creating a Culture of Connection in The Citizens’ Century."{{cite web|url=http://traubman.igc.org/ndnu2017address.pdf|access-date=24 April 2023|website=lycoming.edu|title=NDNU Address|year=2017}}

• {{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Harold H.|title=The other walls : the Arab-Israeli peace process in a global perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/otherwalls00haro|url-access=registration|date=1991|publisher=Princeton Univ. Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=978-0691023373|edition=Rev.}}
• {{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Harold H.|title=Politics is about relationship : a blueprint for the citizens' century|date=2005|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=1403971455|edition=1st}}
• {{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Harold H.|title=A public peace process : sustained dialogue to transform racial and ethnic conflicts|date=1999|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=0312219393|edition=1st}}
• {{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Harold H.|title=Sustained dialogue in conflicts : transformation and change|date=2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=9780230339804|pages=36–37|edition=1st}}

• The Walter and Leonore Annenberg Award for Excellence in Diplomacy from the American Academy of Diplomacy, "November 30, 3010"{{cite news|url=http://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/awards/diplomacy.html|title=Walter and Leonore Annenberg Award for Excellence in Diplomacy|work=American Academy of Diplomacy|accessdate=2010-12-08|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204213010/http://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/awards/diplomacy.html|archivedate=2011-02-04}}
• Lifetime Achievement Award from Search for Common Ground, March, 2004, to honor outstanding accomplishments in conflict resolution, community building, and peacemaking.{{cite news|url=http://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/publications/newsletter.html|title=American Academy of Diplomacy Newsletter|date=April 2004|work=American Academy of Diplomacy|accessdate=2010-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524090607/http://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/publications/newsletter.html|archive-date=2011-05-24|url-status=dead}}

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{{s-gov}}

{{succession box|

before=William G. Hyland|

title=Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research|

after=William G. Bowdler|

years=December 1, 1975 – April 10, 1978

}}

{{succession box|

before=Alfred Atherton|

title=Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs|

after=Nicholas A. Veliotes|

years=April 11, 1978 – January 16, 1981

}}

{{s-end}}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928061314/http://www.kettering.org/File%20Library/PDF/Dartmouth-50th.pdf The Dartmouth Conference: The First 50 Years]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100517003709/http://www.kettering.org/about_the_foundation/who_we_are/harold_saunders Harold Saunders]
• {{C-SPAN|12618}}
• [https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/saunders.html Harold Saunders Papers 1976-2014]

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Category:1930 births

Category:2016 deaths

Category:People from Philadelphia

Category:Princeton University alumni

Category:Yale University alumni

Category:United States National Security Council staffers