Harold Russell

{{For|the New Zealand politician, farmer, and sportsman|Harold Russell (politician)}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Harold Russell

| image = Harold Russell still.jpg

| caption = Russell in 1946

| birth_name = Harold John Avery Russell

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|01|14|mf=y}}

| birth_place = North Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|1|29|1914|1|14}}

| death_place = Needham, Massachusetts, U.S.

| resting_place = Lakeview Cemetery
Wayland, Massachusetts

| spouse = {{plainlist|

{{marriage|Rita Russell-Nixon
|1944|1978|end=died}}
{{marriage|Betty Marshalsea
|1981}}

}}

| children = 2

| module = {{Infobox military person

|embed = yes

| allegiance = {{flag|United States}}

| branch = {{army|United States}}

| unit = 13th Airborne Division

| serviceyears = 1941–1945

| rank = Sergeant

| battles = World War II

| awards =

}}

Harold John Avery Russell{{Cite web |url = https://www.novascotiagenealogy.com/ItemView.aspx?ImageFile=89-103&Event=marriage&ID=232454 |title = Nova Scotia Historical Vital Statistics |website = Nova Scotia Genealogy |last = Cameron Rollins |first = Beth |date = April 20, 2020 }}{{cite web |last1 = Cameron Rollins |first1 = Beth |title = 1930 US Census |url = http://search.ancestry.ca/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1930usfedcen&indiv=try&h=15803313 |website = Ancestry .com }} (January 14, 1914 – January 29, 2002) was an American World War II veteran and actor. After losing his hands during his military service, Russell was cast in the epic drama film The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), which earned him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the first non-professional actor to win an Academy Award for acting and the first Oscar recipient to sell his award.

Early life

File:Diary of a Sergeant 3.jpg (1945)]]

Harold Russell was born in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, and moved to Massachusetts, United States, with his family in 1921,{{Cite web |url=http://search.ancestry.ca/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1930usfedcen&indiv=try&h=15803313 |title=Join Ancestry®}} after his father's death in 1920.{{cite web |last1 = Cameron Rollins |first1 = Beth |title = Nova Scotia Historical Vital Statistics |url = https://www.novascotiagenealogy.com/ItemView.aspx?ImageFile=57-219&Event=death&ID=143384 |website = Nova Scotia Genealogy |date = April 20, 2020 }}

At the time of the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, he was living in Cambridge, Massachusetts, working at a food market. In his 1949 autobiography, Victory in My Hands, he wrote that he rushed to enlist in the United States Army because he considered himself a failure.

On June 6, 1944, while he was an Army instructor teaching demolition work with the U.S. 13th Airborne Division at Camp Mackall, North Carolina, a defective fuse detonated TNT explosives that he was handling.{{cite news |title = Harold Russell Dies at 88; Veteran and Oscar Winner |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/01/arts/harold-russell-dies-at-88-veteran-and-oscar-winner.html |work = The New York Times |first = Richard |last = Severo |date = February 1, 2002 }} He lost both hands and was given two hooks to serve as hands. After his recovery, while attending Boston University, Russell was featured in Diary of a Sergeant, an Army film about rehabilitating war veterans.

''The Best Years of Our Lives''

File:Harold Russell and Cathy O'Donnell.jpg in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)]]

When film director William Wyler saw the film on Russell, he cast him in The Best Years of Our Lives with Fredric March and Dana Andrews. Russell played the role of Homer Parrish, a United States Navy sailor who lost both hands during the war.

For his role as Parrish, Russell won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1947. Earlier in the ceremony, he was awarded an honorary Oscar for bringing aid and comfort to disabled veterans through the medium of motion pictures. The special award had been created because the board of governors wanted to salute Russell, a non-professional actor, but assumed that he had little chance for a competitive win.{{Cite web|last=Montgomery|first=Mark|date=2016-12-10|title=Remembering Harold Russell, the soldier-actor who won two Oscars for 'Best Years of Our Lives'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-classic-hollywood-harold-russell-20161130-story.html|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}} It was the only time in Oscar history that the academy awarded two Oscars for the same performance.{{Cite web|last=Stilwell|first=Blake|date=2019-12-23|title=This Disabled WWII Veteran Was the Only Actor to Win 2 Oscars for the Same Part|url=https://www.military.com/off-duty/2019/12/23/disabled-wwii-veteran-was-only-actor-win-2-oscars-same-part.html|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Military.com|language=en}}

Wyler called it "the finest performance I have ever seen on the screen.'' However, Russell earned less than $10,000 for his performance (equivalent to $167,500 in 2023 dollars), and he did not receive any residual profits.

Later years

File:Diary of a Sergeant (1945).webm

Upon completion of the film, at the urging of Wyler, Russell returned to school,Bergman, Anne (September 8, 1996). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times/138508438/ "Film Clips: A True Veteran Actor; Sure, It's Typecasting—But He's Used to It"]. Los Angeles Times Calendar. p. 23. Retrieved January 11, 2024. earning a business degree from Boston University.{{Cite news |last = Bergan |first = Ronald |title = Harold Russell; Brave actor whose artificial hands helped him win two Oscars |url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/feb/06/guardianobituaries |work = The Guardian |date = February 6, 2002 |access-date = February 5, 2008 }} Speaking with the Los Angeles Times in 1996, Russell recalled:

Wyler told me I should go back to college because there wasn't much call for a guy with no hands in the motion picture industry. I figured he was right. [In the handful of roles I've taken since then,] I always play a disabled veteran. And this is what Wyler said—'After a while they're going to run out of ideas'—and he was absolutely right. How many times can you play the same role?

Russell became active in AMVETS, serving three terms as National Commander. He was first elected in 1949.{{Cite news|date=1949-09-06|title=Harold Russell, Handless War Veteran and Movies' Academy Award Winner, Heads AMVETS|pages=3|work=Quad-City Times (Associated Press)|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73855812/harold-russell-elected-commander-of/|access-date=2021-03-19|via=Newspapers.com}} He was elected to his third term in 1960. He also was vice-president of the World Veterans Fund, Inc., the fundraising branch of the World Veterans Federation.{{cite news |title=3rd Election Charm for Harold Russell |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73856417/russell-elected-amvets-chief-for-third/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=The Miami News |date=29 August 1960 |pages=7|via=Newspapers.com}}

File:HaroldRussellThelmaVanNorte1966.png in 1966, in his role as a chair of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped.]]

As head of AMVETS, Russell wrote to President Truman in 1951 supporting his decision to dismiss General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War. Russell's telegram to Truman cited MacArthur's "repeated insubordination in violation of basic American principles governing civil versus military authority." His telegram asserted that those were "obvious grounds" to relieve MacArthur. Erle Cocke, Jr., commander of the American Legion, said that he was "shocked by the news" that AMVETS and the American Veterans Committee supported MacArthur's firing.{{cite news |title=AMVETS, AVC Support MacArthur Ouster, Legion Head Shocked |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73856980/amvets-supports-firing-macarthur/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=The Gazette and Daily |agency=Associated Press |date=12 April 1951 |pages=1|via=Newspapers.com}}

From the early 1960s to the late 1980s, Russell served as chairman of the President's Commission on Employment of the Handicapped, an unpaid position.{{Cite journal |date=December 1966 |title=Public Personnel Award |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYxGAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA16-PA5 |journal=Performance: The Story of the Handicapped |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=5}}

In 1965, Russell received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}

Russell appeared in two films after his debut, Inside Moves in 1980 and Dogtown in 1997. He also appeared in an episode of Trapper John, M.D., in 1981 and a two-part episode of the television series China Beach in 1989.

Russell authored two autobiographies, Victory in My Hands (1949){{Cite book |last=Russell |first=Harold |url=https://archive.org/details/victoryinmyhands00haro |title=Victory in My Hands |publisher=Creative Age Press |year=1949}} and The Best Years of My Life (1981).{{Cite book |last=Russell |first=Harold |url=https://archive.org/details/bestyearsofmylif0000russ/page/n5/mode/2up |title=The Best Years of My Life |publisher=Middlebury, Vt. |year=1981|isbn=9780839710264 }}

In 1992, Russell consigned his Oscar for Best Supporting Actor to Herman Darvick Autograph Auctions, and, on August 6, 1992, in New York City, the Oscar sold to a private collector for $60,500. Russell defended his action by saying that he needed money for his wife's medical expenses, though this was later disputed.{{Cite news |last = Rothman |first = Heathcliff |title = I'd Really Like to Thank My Pal at the Auction House |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/movies/redcarpet/12rothman.html |work = The New York Times |date = February 16, 2006 |access-date = February 5, 2008 }} Russell did not sell the special Oscar. After his death, the unidentified collector was identified as Lew Wasserman, a studio executive and talent agent, who then donated it back to the Academy.

On January 29, 2002, Russell died at a nursing home in Needham, Massachusetts and was interred in Lakeview Cemetery in the nearby town of Wayland.[https://www.newspapers.com/image/442600163/?clipping_id=138503736 "Deaths"]. The Boston Globe. February 1, 2002. p. B9. Retrieved January 11, 2024.