Harris Corporation#RF Communications

{{Short description|American industrial company}}

{{Use American English|date=April 2023}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}

{{multiple issues |

{{COI|date=April 2017}}

{{primary sources|date=August 2014}}

}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Harris Corporation

| logo = Harris Corporation Logo.svg

| logo_size = 220px

| fate = Merged with L3 Technologies

| predecessor =

| successor = L3Harris Technologies

| foundation = {{Start date and age|1895}}

| founder = Alfred S. Harris

| defunct = {{End date and age|2019|06|28}}

| location_city =

| location_country =

| location = Melbourne, Florida, U.S.

| locations =

| area_served =

| key_people = William M. Brown, Chairman, (president & CEO since November 1, 2011)

| industry = Aerospace and defense

| products = Defense and Communications

| services =

| revenue = {{US$|4.936 billion|link=yes}} (2019)

{{US$|4.507 billion}} (2018)

| num_employees = 17,000{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/harris/|title=Harris|website=Fortune|access-date=December 23, 2018|archive-date=December 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223125238/http://fortune.com/fortune500/harris/|url-status=dead}}

| num_employees_year = 2017

| parent =

| divisions = Communication Systems, Electronic Systems, Space and Intelligence Systems

| subsid =

| website = {{URL|harris.com}}

| footnotes =

}}

Harris Corporation was an American technology company, defense contractor, and information technology services provider that produced wireless equipment, tactical radios, electronic systems, night vision equipment and both terrestrial and spaceborne antennas for use in the government, defense, emergency service, and commercial sectors. They specialized in surveillance solutions,[https://www.harris.com/solution-grouping/surveillance "Surveillance"]. Harris Corporation. January 17, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017. microwave weaponry,[https://www.harris.com/solution-grouping/rf-and-microwave-development-and-systems "RF and Microwave Development and Systems"]. Harris Corporation. January 17, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017. and electronic warfare.[https://www.harris.com/what-we-do/electronic-warfare "Electronic Warfare"]. Harris Corporation. January 17, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017. In 2019, it merged with L3 Technologies to form L3Harris Technologies.

Headquartered in Melbourne, Florida, the company had approximately $7 billion of annual revenue. It was the largest private-sector employer in Brevard County, Florida (approximately 6,000).[http://www.brevard.k12.fl.us/portals/community/employers/major_employers.html Brevard County Public Schools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109083826/http://www.brevard.k12.fl.us/portals/community/employers/major_employers.html |date=November 9, 2013 }}, October 10, 2013 From 1988 to 1999, the company was the parent of Intersil, under the name Harris Semiconductor.

In 2016, Harris was named one of the top hundred federal contractors by Defense News.{{cite web |url=http://special.defensenews.com/top-100/ |title=Defense News - Top 100 |access-date=March 2, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812002607/http://special.defensenews.com/top-100/ |archive-date=August 12, 2014 }} In January 2015, Wired Magazine ranked Harris Corporation—tied with U.S. Marshals Service—as the number two threat to privacy and communications on the Internet.{{cite journal|title=The Most Dangerous People on the Internet Right Now|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/01/dangerous-people-internet-right-now/|journal=wired.com|publisher=Wired Magazine|access-date=January 4, 2015|date=January 2015}}

History

{{pic|File:Harris Corporation old logo.svg|Harris Corporation logo used from 1974 to 1998}}

File:KL Harris MR80C88 MilSpec.jpg

The "Harris Automatic Press Company" was founded by Alfred S. Harris in Niles, Ohio, in 1895. The company spent the next 60 years developing lithographic processes and printing presses before acquiring typesetting company Intertype Corporation.

In 1957, Harris acquired Gates Radio, a producer of broadcast transmitters and associated electronics gear, but kept the Gates brand name alive by putting the Gates sticker on the back of numerous transmitters that were labeled Harris on the front panels.{{Cite news|date=November 6, 1957|title=HARRIS-INTERTYPE; Buys Gates Radio Co., Maker of Electronics Equipment|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/06/archives/harrisintertype-buys-gates-radio-co-maker-of-electronics-equipment.html|access-date=October 28, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}

The same year, they acquired Intertype Corporation, a typesetting machine manufacturer based in New York, New York.{{CN|date=January 2023}}

In 1959, they acquired microwave technology company PRD Electronics, also headquartered in Brooklyn, New York.{{citation needed|reason=needs cite to determine how important this is. They acquired some firms, some of whom were not that important|date=February 2012}}

In 1967, they merged with Radiation Incorporated (formed in 1950) of Melbourne, Florida, a developer of antenna, integrated circuit and modem technology used in the space race. The company headquarters was moved from Cleveland to Melbourne in 1978.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=April 3, 1967|title=HARRIS-INTERTYPE MAPS ACQUISITION; To Merge With Radiation, Inc., of Melbourne, Fla.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/03/archives/harrisintertype-maps-acquisition-to-merge-with-radiation-inc-of.html|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=The New York Times}}

In 1969, Harris Corporation acquired RF Communications and Farinon Electric Corporation, furthering its microwave assets. The printing operations were sold off in 1983 and became part of manroland Goss in 2018.{{cite web |url = https://www.handelsblatt.com/archiv/heidelberger-druck-gibt-rollenoffset-sparte-an-goss-ab-kein-preis-genannt/2342434.html?ticket=ST-2426520-fRLS9je4mfbFwdu9pN7d-ap1 |title=Heidelberger Druck gibt Rollenoffset-Sparte an Goss ab - Kein Preis genannt |access-date = September 22, 2020}}

In 1974, Harris acquired Datacraft Corporation, which led to the formation of the Harris Computer Systems Division. The division made a line of minicomputers for the real-time systems market. In 1994, the division was spun out into the independent Harris Computer Systems Corporation.{{cite news | url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-03-12-9503100719-story.html | title=Harris Hawkish About Its Future | author-first=L. A. | author-last=Lorek | newspaper=South Florida Sun-Sentinel • | date=March 12, 1995 }}

In 1979, Harris formed a semiconductor joint venture Matra Harris Semiconductors (MHS), from which Harris withdrew in 1989. After further changes MHS was taken over by Atmel.{{cite web |url = http://www.cpushack.com/2011/02/05/atmel-buys-mhs-again-the-twisted-history-of-atmel-temic-and-mhs/ |title=Atmel Buys MHS, Again – The Twisted History of Atmel, Temic and MHS |date=February 5, 2011 |access-date = February 17, 2016}}

In 1983, Harris acquired Lanier Business Products, Inc., a dictation, word processing and computer company based in Atlanta, Georgia. By the start of the 1990s, Lanier accounted for about 1/3 of Harris Corporation's revenues. In 1998, Harris spun Lanier back off as a publicly-traded company, but also saddled it with over $700 million in debt.{{cite web |url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/lanier-worldwide-inc|title=Lanier Business Products division of Harris}}

In 1988, Harris acquired GE's semiconductor business, which at this time, also incorporated the Intersil and RCA semiconductor businesses. These were combined with Harris' existing semiconductor businesses.

In 1996, Harris Corporation formed a joint venture with Shenzhen Telecom Company to produce and sell Harris' digital microwave radios and integrate them with other systems.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}{{clarify|reason=Shezhen not a notable company. Need financial details or SOMETHING to understand importance. Else seems like WP:SPAM for Shenzhen|date=February 2012}}

In November 1998, Harris sold its commercial and standard military logic (semiconductor) product lines to Texas Instruments, which included the HC/HCT, AC/ACT, FCT, and CD4000 product families. Harris retained production of the radiation-hardened versions of these products.

In 1999, Harris spun off their remaining semiconductor business as an independent company, under the Intersil name.

In 2005, the corporation spent $870 million on research and development.{{cite news | first=Patrick | last=Peterson | title=Harris considers PB overhaul | url=http://m.floridatoday.com/news.jsp?key=355471&rc=bz | newspaper=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages=1E | date=October 17, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Harris Corporation developed a Hand Held Computer for use during the address canvassing portion of the 2010 United States Census.{{cite web|last1=Weinberg|first1=Daniel|title=Management challenges of the 2010 U.S. Census|url=https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/weinberg-managing2010.pdf|website=census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 29, 2015}} Secured access via a fingerprint swipe guaranteed that only the verified user had access to the unit. A GPS capacity was integral to the daily address management and the transfer of information that was gathered. Of major importance was the security and integrity of the personal and private information of the populace.

In January 2011, Harris re-opened its Calgary, Alberta avionics operation, Harris Canada Inc.. The expanded facility's operations include among others the support of the work to be completed under the company's six-year, $273 million (CAD) services contract with the Government of Canada for the CF-18 Avionics Optimized Weapon System Support (OWSS) program.{{cite web|url=http://www.harris.com/feature/calgary2011/|title=Harris Corporation|author=Harris Corporation|access-date=July 3, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704185045/http://harris.com/feature/calgary2011/|archive-date=July 4, 2015}}

In December 2012, Harris Corporation sold its broadcast equipment operations to the Gores Group which operated as Harris Broadcast{{cite web|url=http://harris.com/press/article.asp?id=3558|title=Harris Corporation to Sell Broadcast Communications to The Gores Group for $225 Million|author=Harris Corporation|work=harris.com|access-date=December 4, 2014}} and is now GatesAir. Harris received $225M for the transaction, exactly half of what it paid seven years earlier for Leitch Technology, its final acquisition for the Broadcast division.[http://broadcastengineering.com/automation/leitch-agrees-450-million-acquisition-harris Leitch agrees to $450 million acquisition by Harris], BroadcastEngineering, September 1, 2005[http://harris.com/print_pressrelease.asp?act=lookup&pr_id=3558 Harris Corporation to Sell Broadcast Communications to The Gores Group for $225 Million]

On May 29, 2015, the purchase of competitor Exelis Inc. was finalized, almost doubling the size of the original company.{{cite press release|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150529005517/en/|title=Harris Corporation Completes Acquisition Of Exelis|access-date=September 2, 2016|date=May 29, 2015}}

In July 2015, Harris Corporation sold its healthcare division, Harris Healthcare Solutions, to NantHealth.{{cite press release|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150716005312/en/NantHealth-Acquires-Harris-Healthcare%C2%A0Solutions|title=NantHealth Acquires Harris Healthcare Solutions|access-date=July 19, 2015|date=July 16, 2015}}

In January 2017, Harris sold off its government IT services division to Veritas Capital for $690 million.[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-harris-divestiture-veritascapital-idUSKBN15B1DY Reuters] Reuters Deals After being acquired by Veritas, this business was renamed Peraton.{{cite press release|title=Peraton is the New Name of Former Harris Corporation Government Services Business |url = https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170728005330/en/Peraton-is-the-New-Name-of-Former-Harris-Corporation-Government-Services-Business|access-date=February 26, 2021|date=July 28, 2017}}

In October 2018 Harris announced an all-stock "merger of equals" with New York-based L3 Technologies, to be closed (subject to approvals) in mid-2019. The new company, called L3 Harris Technologies, Inc., is based in Melbourne, Florida.{{Cite web |url=http://l3harris.mergerannouncement.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Transaction-Press-Release-FINAL-1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 15, 2018 |archive-date=October 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015231553/http://l3harris.mergerannouncement.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Transaction-Press-Release-FINAL-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}

In 2019, Elbit Systems of America, the American division of the Israeli Elbit Systems, agreed to purchase Harris's night vision product line for $350 million, contingent on the completion of Harris's merger with L3. Federal regulations had required that Harris divest its night vision business as L3 already had its own night vision business and merger between the two companies would effectively eliminate competition in the industry.{{cite web |title=Justice Department Requires Harris and L3 to Divest Harris's Night Vision Business to Proceed with Merger |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-requires-harris-and-l3-divest-harris-s-night-vision-business-proceed |website=United States Department of Justice |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330094316/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-requires-harris-and-l3-divest-harris-s-night-vision-business-proceed |archive-date=March 30, 2021 |date=June 20, 2019}} That purchase closed in September 2019, and Harris Night Vision was subsequently renamed Elbit Systems of America - Night Vision.{{cite news |title=Harris selling night-vision business unit to Elbit |url=http://optics.org/news/10/4/13 |access-date=April 9, 2019 |work=optics.org |date=April 8, 2019}}{{cite news |last1=Eshel |first1=Tamir |title=Harris Night Vision Acquisition - a Big Deal for Elbit Systems |url=https://defense-update.com/20190405_harris-nigh-vision-acquisition-a-big-deal-for-elbit-systems.html |access-date=April 9, 2019 |work=Defense Update |date=April 5, 2019}}

In 2021, CEO sold almost 200 million dollars worth of stock.{{Cite web |url=https://www.benzinga.com/sec/insider-trades/0001350633/william-m-brown |title=Inside Trader |access-date=October 15, 2018}}

Business segments

=Communication Systems=

The Harris Communication Systems segment served markets in tactical and airborne radios, night vision technology and defense and public safety networks.

=Electronic Systems=

The Harris Electronic Systems segment provided products and services in electronic warfare, air traffic management, avionics, wireless technology, C4I, undersea systems and aerostructures.

Electronic Systems (ES) division provided the "ALQ-214" radio frequency jamming equipment for the U.S. Navy's F/A-18 Hornet aircraft. The ALQ-214 was originally developed by Exelis ES, which Harris acquired in 2015.Tomkins, Richard (August 21, 2015). [http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2015/08/21/Navy-orders-more-RF-jammers-for-its-FA-18s/2741440170246/ "Navy orders more RF-jammers for its F/A-18s"]. United Press International. upi.com. Retrieved: August 28, 2015. ES is also a provider of components in the avionics package and targeting systems for the U.S. Navy's F/A-18 and EA-18 Growlers.[http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2015/07/28/Harris-enhancing-targeting-capabilities-Navy-aircraft/3391438097429/ "Harris Corporation upgrading avionics of fighter aircraft - UPI.com"]. UPI. Retrieved on August 31, 2015.

=Space and Intelligence Systems=

The Harris Space and Intelligence Systems segment, formed when Harris purchased Exelis,{{cite web |title=Evolving Harris' Space and Intelligence Business |url=https://www.harris.com/perspectives/harris-for-tomorrow/evolving-harris-space-and-intelligence-business |website=Harris |access-date=September 17, 2018 |language=en |date=March 17, 2017}} provides capabilities in Earth observation, weather, geospatial monitoring, space protection and intelligence, including sensors and payloads, ground processing and information analytics.Harris Corporation. [http://harris.com/press/article.asp?id=3769 "Harris Corporation Announces New Organizational Structure"]. harris.com.

==Cell-site simulators==

Harris Corporation produced multiple cell-site simulator products, such as the StingRay and Hailstorm phone trackers (see table below); These masquerade as legitimate cellphone towers duping mobile devices to connect to them instead of real cellular networks, so all wireless voice and data traffic originating in a given area are intercepted by the systems, enabling Stingray operators to conduct mass surveillance and triangulate the position of mobile devices.

{{cite web|last1=Richtel|first1=Matt|title=A Police Gadget Tracks Phones? Shhh! It's Secret|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/16/business/a-police-gadget-tracks-phones-shhh-its-secret.html?_r=0|website=The New York Times|access-date=April 4, 2015|date=March 15, 2015

}}

{{cite magazine|last1=Gallagher|first1=Ryan|title=FBI Documents Shine Light on Clandestine Cellphone Tracking Tool|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/01/10/stingray_imsi_catcher_fbi_documents_shine_light_on_controversial_cellphone.html|magazine=Slate Magazine|access-date=August 5, 2014|date=January 10, 2013

}}

Originally developed for the U.S. Navy and later used in the global "war on terror" outside the US, they have increasingly been used by US police agencies.{{cite web|last1=Cushing|first1=Tim|title=Stingray Documents Show Law Enforcement Using 'Terrorism' To Obtain Equipment To Fight Regular Crime|url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140610/11461127539/law-enforcement-agencies-continue-to-obtain-military-equipment-claiming-united-states-is-war-zone.shtml|publisher=TechDirt|date=January 20, 2014

}}

More than six U.S. federal agencies use these platforms, including the FBI, Drug Enforcement Administration and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) says at least 53 law enforcement agencies in 21 states, use this or similar devices.{{Cite news | first=Erin | last=Kelly | title=Congress targets secretive data-gathering program | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/08/03/stingray-surveillance-privacy-issa/30933707/| newspaper=USA Today | pages= 1B | date=August 4, 2015 | access-date=August 4, 2015}}

These platforms are controversial{{cite web|first1=Jamie|last1=Boll|url=http://www.wbtv.com/story/29242315/congressman-calls-for-an-end-to-controversial-stingray-program|title=Congressman calls for an end to controversial Stingray program|publisher=WorldNow, WBTV (Charlotte, NC)|date=June 4, 2015

}}

{{cite web|first1=Melissa =|last1=Mecija|url=http://www.10news.com/news/local-police-dealt-with-company-that-makes-controversial-cellphone-tracking-technology-08052014|title=Local police dealt with company that makes controversial cellphone tracking technology|publisher=KGTV ABC10 San Diego. 10news.com|date=August 5, 2014|access-date=June 19, 2015

}}

as they surveil communications of all mobile devices in their vicinity, including those of individuals not suspected of any crimes.

{{cite news|last1=Campbell|first1=Jon|title=LAPD Spied on 21 Using StingRay Anti-Terrorism Tool |url=http://www.laweekly.com/2013-01-24/news/stingray-LAPD-spying-21-terrorism-tool-against-citizens/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123233625/http://www.laweekly.com/2013-01-24/news/stingray-LAPD-spying-21-terrorism-tool-against-citizens/|archive-date=January 23, 2013 |newspaper=LA Weekly |access-date=August 5, 2014 |date=January 24, 2013 |quote=The portable StingRay device impersonates a cellphone tower, electronically fooling all nearby mobile phones — not just the suspect's phone — to send their signals into an LAPD computer. That signal reveals to police the location of phones in real time.

}}

{{cite news|first1=Jennifer |last1=Valentino-Devries |title=Judge Questions Tools That Grab Cellphone Data on Innocent People |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/10/22/judge-questions-tools-that-grab-cellphone-data-on-innocent-people/ |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 22, 2012 |access-date=June 19, 2015

}} Harris have been criticized by civil rights advocates for requiring local municipalities, police and state governments to enter into non-disclosure agreements (NDA){{cite web|author1=Florida Department of Law Enforcement|author2=Harris Corporation|title=FDLE non-disclosure agreement with the Harris Corporation|url=https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/floridastingray/03.27.2014%20-%20FDLE%20Stingray%20Records%20Non-Disclosure%20Agreement%20with%20Harris%20Corp.pdf|publisher=American Civil Liberties Union|access-date=March 28, 2015|date=June 8, 2010|author1-link=Florida Department of Law Enforcement}} and to conceal usage of these platforms from citizens and the courts.

{{cite web |author1=Mike Masnick |title=New Emails Show That Feds Instructed Police To Lie About Using Stingray Mobile Phone Snooping |url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140620/10271327635/new-emails-show-that-feds-instructed-police-to-lie-about-using-stingray-mobile-phone-snooping.shtml |publisher=Techdirt |access-date=August 5, 2014 |date=June 20, 2014 |quote=...police were claiming that non-disclosure agreements prevented them from getting a warrant to use the technology.

}}

{{cite web|author1=Nathan Freed Wessler|title=Police Hide Use of Cell Phone Tracker From Courts Because Manufacturer Asked |url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/police-hide-use-cell-phone-tracker-courts-because |publisher=American Civil Liberties Union |access-date=August 2, 2014 |date=March 3, 2014 |quote=Police opted not to get warrants authorizing either their use of the stingray or the apartment search. Incredibly, this was apparently because they had signed a nondisclosure agreement with the company that gave them the device.

}}

Such NDA may violate public record and open access laws. The ACLU, Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) filed two successful civil lawsuits over denied Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and violations of the public records laws of Florida.{{cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/02/secretive-stingray-surveillance-tool-becomes-more-pervasive-questions-over-its|title=As Secretive "Stingray" Surveillance Tool Becomes More Pervasive, Questions Over Its Illegality Increase|work=Electronic Frontier Foundation|access-date=December 4, 2014|date=February 12, 2013}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/victory-judge-releases-information-about-police-use|title=VICTORY: Judge Releases Information about Police Use of Stingray Cell Phone Trackers|work=American Civil Liberties Union|date=June 3, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/doj-emails-show-feds-were-less-explicit-judges-cell|title=DOJ Emails Show Feds Were Less Than "Explicit" With Judges On Cell Phone Tracking Tool|work=American Civil Liberties Union|date=March 27, 2013 |access-date=December 4, 2014}}

In September 2014, as a result of successful litigation, ACLU received documents and emails between Harris Corporation and the Federal Communications Commission relating to FCC approval of Harris' surveillance systems.

{{cite web |author1=Nathan Freed Wessler |author2=Nicole Ozer |title=Documents Suggest Maker of Controversial Surveillance Tool Misled the FCC |work=American Civil Liberties Union |url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/documents-suggest-maker-controversial-surveillance-tool-misled-fcc |access-date=September 17, 2014 |date=September 17, 2014

}}

ACLU then sent a letter to FCC stating, in their view, Harris misled FCC Office of Engineering and Technology staff during the regulatory review process by falsely claiming the systems were only used in emergency situations and not criminal investigations.

{{cite web |title=ACLU and ACLU of Northern California Letter to FCC |url=https://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/aclu-and-aclu-northern-california-letter-fcc |publisher=American Civil Liberties Union |access-date=September 17, 2014 |page=2 |format=PDF |date=September 17, 2014

}}

In 2006, Harris employees directly conducted wireless surveillance using StingRay units on behalf of the Palm Bay Police Department—where Harris has a campus

{{Cite web|url = http://www.myfoxorlando.com/story/28181324/harris-corporation-opens-new-tech-center-in-palm-bay|title = Harris Corporation opens new tech center in Palm Bay|date = February 23, 2015|access-date = April 4, 2015|website = myfoxorlando.com|publisher = WOFL, Fox Broadcasting Company|last = Nail|first = Derrol|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150409014938/http://www.myfoxorlando.com/story/28181324/harris-corporation-opens-new-tech-center-in-palm-bay|archive-date = April 9, 2015}}

—in response to a bomb threat against a middle school. The search was conducted without a warrant or judicial oversight.{{cite web|last1=Farivar|first1=Cyrus|title=Powerful "stingrays" used to go after 911 hangup, ATM burglary|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/02/powerful-stingrays-used-to-go-after-911-hangup-atm-burglary/|website=Ars Technica|access-date=March 25, 2015|date=February 25, 2015|quote=...Palm Bay Police Department simply borrowed a stingray directly from its manufacturer, the Harris Corporation—located down the road in Melbourne, Florida—to respond to a 2006 bomb threat at a school, absent any judicial oversight.}}{{cite web|author1=Detective M. J. Pusatere|title=03.05.2014 PBPD Stingray Records (Bates Stamped) redacted|url=https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/floridastingray/03.05.2014%20-%20PBPD%20Stingray%20Records%20excerpt_Redacted.pdf|website=aclu.org|publisher=Palm Bay Police Department, American Civil Liberties Union|access-date=March 24, 2015|page=3}}{{cite web|last1=Aaronson|first1=Trevor|title=ACLU Releases Florida StingRay Documents|url=http://fcir.org/2015/02/23/aclu-releases-florida-stingray-documents/|website=fcir.org|publisher=Florida Center for Investigative Reporting|access-date=April 4, 2015|date=February 23, 2015}}{{cite web|last1=Rivero|first1=Daniel|title=It's now a trend: third court orders the release of phone-tracking Stingray documents|url=http://fusion.net/story/105521/courts-ordering-the-release-of-stingray-documents-is-now-a-trend/|website=fusion.net|publisher=Fusion|access-date=April 4, 2015|date=March 18, 2015|archive-date=July 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719062855/http://fusion.net/story/105521/courts-ordering-the-release-of-stingray-documents-is-now-a-trend/|url-status=dead}}

In 2015, Santa Clara County withdrew from contract negotiations with Harris for StingRay units, noting the reason was the onerous restrictions imposed by Harris on what could be released under public records requests.{{cite web|last1=Farivar|first1=Cyrus|title=In rare move, Silicon Valley county gov't kills stingray acquisition|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/05/in-rare-move-silicon-valley-county-govt-kills-stingray-acquisition/|website=Ars Technica|access-date=May 9, 2015|date=May 7, 2015|quote=What happened was, we were in negotiations with Harris and we couldn't get them to agree to even the most basic criteria we have in terms of being responsive to public records requests}}

class="wikitable"

|+ Mobile Phone Monitoring Products from Harris Corp.

{{cite web |last1=Gallagher |first1=Ryan |title=Meet the machines that steal your phone's data |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/09/meet-the-machines-that-steal-your-phones-data/ |website=Ars Technica |access-date=August 2, 2014 |date=September 25, 2013

}}

{{cite web |title=Harris Corporation AmberJack, StingRay, StingRay II, KingFish Wireless Surveillance Products Price List |url=http://publicintelligence.net/harris-corporation-amberjack-stingray-stingray-ii-kingfish-wireless-surveillance-products-price-list/ |publisher=City of Miami, Harris Corp, Public Intelligence |access-date=August 2, 2014 |date=September 24, 2011 |quote=This price list for Harris Corporation wireless surveillance products was published on the website of the City of Miami.

}}

{{cite web |title=Harris Corporation: Putting the "Sting" in Mobile Location Tracking |url=http://www.insidersurveillance.com/harris-corporation-putting-the-sting-in-mobile-location-tracking/ |publisher=Insider Surveillance |access-date=August 2, 2014 |date=July 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803132456/http://www.insidersurveillance.com/harris-corporation-putting-the-sting-in-mobile-location-tracking/ |archive-date=August 3, 2014 }}

{{cite web |last1=Gillum |first1=Jack |title=Police keep quiet about cell-tracking technology |url=https://news.yahoo.com/police-keep-quiet-cell-tracking-technology-070618821--finance.html |publisher=Associated Press, Yahoo News |access-date=August 3, 2014 |date=March 22, 2014 |quote=...police didn't comply with the state's public-records law because they did not fully disclose Stingray-related records and allowed Harris Corp. to dictate what information could be made public.

}}

! Product

! Introduced

! Cost

! Features

StingRay2001$68,479IMSI-catcher. Gathers information from mobile phones including location and metadata
StingRay II2007$134,952IMSI-catcher. Gathers information from mobile phones including location and metadata
Kingfish2003$25,349Surveillance transceiver for tracking mobile phones
Amberjack2002$35,015Directional antenna used to help track mobile phones; used in conjunction with StingRay, Gossamer and Kingfish
Harpoon2008$16,000–19,000Linear amplifier to boost the signal of a StingRay or Kingfish
Hailstorm?$169,602IMSI catcher. Gathers information from mobile phones including location and metadata. Also can intercept content.
Gossamer2001$19,696IMSI catcher, smaller than StingRay, can be used for denial-of-service attacks on phones.
Triggerfish1997$90,000–102,000Intercepts mobile conversations in real time. May be obsolete

List of Harris acquisitions

{{More citations needed section|date=August 2014}}

{{colbegin}}

  • Farinon (1980)
  • Datacraft Corporation (1974)
  • T.W. & C.B. Sheridan Company (1964)
  • PRD Electronics (1959)
  • Gates Radio (1957)
  • Intertype Corporation (1957) which led to the change of name from Harris-Seybold to Harris-Intertype Corporation.
  • Lanier Business Products, Inc. (1983) {{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/lanier-worldwide-inc|title=Lanier Business Products purchased by Harris Corp.}}
  • Exelis Inc. (2015){{cite web|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/02/06/harris-corporation-to-buy-defense-and-aerospace-contractor-exelis-for-4-7-billion/?_r=0|title=Harris Corporation to Buy Defense Contractor Exelis for $4.7 Billion|date=February 2015}}
  • Carefx (2011)
  • Schlumberger Global Communications Services (GCS) Division (2011)
  • CapRock Communications (2010){{cite web|url=http://www.harris.com/view_pressrelease.asp?act=lookup&pr_id=3046|title=Harris Corporation Completes Acquisition of CapRock Communications|author=Harris Corporation|access-date=July 3, 2015}}
  • SignaCert (2010)*{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/technology/2010/05/harris-cyber-signacert|title= Communications company Harris Corp to acquire IT compliance organisation|date=May 2010|publisher=newstatesman.com}}
  • SolaCom ATC Solutions (2009)
  • Tyco Electronics (MA-COM) Wireless Systems (2009)
  • Crucial Security, Inc. (2009)
  • Zandar Technologies Ltd. (2007)
  • Multimax (2007)
  • Aastra Digital Video (2006)
  • Optimal Solutions, Inc. (2006)
  • Leitch Technology (2005)
  • Orkand Corporation (2004 – Now Harris IT Services)
  • Encoda Systems (2004)
  • ImageLinks, Inc. (2004)
  • Hirschmann Multimedia Communications Network (2001)
  • Exigent International, Inc. (2001)
  • Wavtrace, Inc. (2000)
  • Lucent Technologies' Point-to-Point Microwave Business (2000)
  • Louth Automation (2000)
  • Audio Broadcast Group, Inc. (1999)
  • Pacific Research & Engineering Corporation (1999)
  • CHOICE Microsystems (1999)
  • Intraplex, Inc. (1999)
  • Agfa Copying Systems, Inc. (1998)
  • Trans-Comp, Inc. (1998 – Spun off with Lanier Worldwide)
  • Northeast Broadcast Lab (1997)
  • NovAtel Communications (1995)
  • Triplett Corporation's Cellular and Telecommunications Business (1995)

{{colend}}

Notable people

See also

  • PositiveID, a US government contracted Florida-based biotech company that specializes in tracking tech for the U.S. military

References

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}