Harry Whelehan

Taoiseach Charles Haughey appointed Whelehan Attorney General of Ireland in the Fianna Fáil–PD coalition on 26 September 1991,Oireachtas Sub Committee (1995) p.13 replacing John L. Murray, who had been nominated to the European Court of Justice. Whelehan was reappointed by Albert Reynolds after Haughey's resignation, and reappointed by the Fianna Fáil–Labour coalition after the 1992 general election.

{{main|X Case}}

In 1992, Whelehan was the attorney general in the X Case, in which he sought an injunction to prevent "Miss X", a teenager pregnant from rape, from travelling abroad to the United Kingdom for an abortion. This was a test case of the (subsequently repealed) Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, which guaranteed the "right to life of the unborn". In a 2010 documentary, government press secretary Seán Duignan said some ministers felt Whelehan should have turned a blind eye to the case.{{cite news |url=http://www.tribune.ie/news/article/2010/feb/21/former-ag-harry-whelehan-speaks-of-regrets-over-x-/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228041826/http://www.tribune.ie/news/article/2010/feb/21/former-ag-harry-whelehan-speaks-of-regrets-over-x-/ |archive-date=28 February 2010 |title=Former AG Harry Whelehan speaks of regrets over X Case |first=Lynne |last=Kelleher |newspaper=Sunday Tribune |date=21 February 2010 |access-date=17 December 2014}} Whelehan expressed regret for "the upset, the sadness and the trauma which was visited on everybody involved", but felt he had a duty to uphold the Constitution, and that only he had locus standi for the fetus involved.

Whelehan intervened in the Beef Tribunal to prevent Minister Ray Burke from being questioned about cabinet discussions on the beef industry. His argument that cabinet confidentiality was paramount was controversially accepted by the Supreme Court. The Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland passed in 1997 loosened this restriction.

{{main|Brendan Smyth (priest)}}

In March 1993, the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) requested the extradition of Brendan Smyth, a priest arrested for child sex abuse. Eight months later, in November 1993, the request was still at the Office of the Attorney General, when the RUC informed the Office that Smyth had voluntarily given himself up in Northern Ireland.{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1994102500008|title=Questions: Oral Answers — RUC Extradition Request|date=25 October 1994|work=Dáil Éireann debates|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225144654/http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1994102500008|url-status=live}} In October 1994, a UTV documentary on Smyth suggested the delay in processing the request was deliberate. Whelehan stated he had not known of its existence.{{cite news |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/businesspost/2008/02/03/story30123.asp |title=DPP's dilemma |first=John |last=Burke |newspaper=Sunday Business Post |date=3 February 2008}}{{dead link|date=September 2014}} The delay was variously blamed on short staffing in the office and the complexity of the case, which might fall under a previously unused provision of the law on extradition.Oireachtas Sub Committee (1995) pp.21–23 Reynolds later won a libel suit against The Times of London over an article on the affair. Whelehan prepared a memorandum on the Smyth case for the Taoiseach, which was delivered on 15 November 1994. This claimed the case was the first one to involve section 50 of the Extradition Act 1965 (inserted by section 2(1)(b) of the Extradition (Amendment) Act 1987).Whelehan 1994, §7; {{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1987/en/act/pub/0025/sec0002.html#sec2|title=Extradition (Amendment) Act, 1987, Section 2|work=Irish Statute Book|access-date=18 December 2014|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218123451/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1987/en/act/pub/0025/sec0002.html#sec2|url-status=live}}

Thomas Finlay retired as Chief Justice of Ireland in September 1994, and Liam Hamilton was promoted from President of the High Court to replace him. In early 1994, when the government was considering forthcoming judicial appointments, Whelehan expressed an interest in becoming President of the High Court and a Judge of the High Court.Oireachtas Sub Committee (1995) pp.13–14 This was opposed by Tánaiste Dick Spring, leader of the Labour Party, Reynolds' coalition partner; negotiations on a quid pro quo were held in October 1994. On 11 November 1994, while the Brendan Smyth controversy was still in the news, Reynolds appointed Whelehan to the vacancy, at a cabinet meeting from which Labour ministers were absent. Mary Robinson, the President of Ireland, confirmed his appointment the same day, and he took his oath of office from the Chief Justice on 15 November.Oireachtas Sub Committee (1995) pp.14–15 Over the next two days he heard one case and part of another.

In the Dáil on 15 November 1994, Reynolds summarised the report he had received from Whelehan. It was then alleged that an extradition case involving another paedophile cleric, John Anthony Duggan, had been resolved promptly in 1992 after considering section 50 of the Extradition Act.Daniel 2012, pp.109–114{{cite book|last=Smartt|first=Ursula|title=Media & Entertainment Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPsjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146|access-date=17 December 2014|date=2014-03-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808169|page=146}} Whelehan argued that, although section 50 had been considered in the Duggan case, it had not been applied. Reynolds stated he regretted having appointed Whelehan, and The Irish Times reported that Whelehan's successor as Attorney General, Eoghan Fitzsimons, had tried to persuade Whelehan to resign his judgeship.{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1994/1119/Pg001.html|title=AG rebuffed in attempts to persuade Whelehan to resign|last=Kennedy|first=Geraldine|date=19 November 1994|newspaper=The Irish Times|page=1|access-date=18 December 2014|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218120501/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1994/1119/Pg001.html|url-status=live}} Whelehan rebuffed Fitzsimons, but resigned on 17 November to "keep the judiciary out of politics". Reynolds ordered Fitzsimons to report on his predecessor's conduct of the Smyth case.{{cite book|url=http://opac.oireachtas.ie/AWData/Library3/Library2/DL032434.pdf|last=Fitzsimons|first=Eoghan|title=Report of Attorney General on investigation into Fr. Brendan Smyth|series=Official publications|volume=Pn.1272|date=2 December 1994|publisher=Department of the Taoiseach|access-date=18 December 2014|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130173939/http://opac.oireachtas.ie/AWData/Library3/Library2/DL032434.pdf|url-status=live}}

The political damage caused the Labour Party to leave the coalition, though without forcing an election;{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/yes-fergus-you-did-describe-actions-of-albert-as-irredeemably-corrupt-30585139.html|title=Yes Fergus, you did describe actions of Albert as 'irredeemably corrupt'|last=Corcoran|first=Jody|date=14 September 2014|work=Irish Independent|access-date=18 December 2014|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218121643/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/yes-fergus-you-did-describe-actions-of-albert-as-irredeemably-corrupt-30585139.html|url-status=live}} instead it formed another coalition with Fine Gael and Democratic Left.{{cite book|last=Ferriter|first=Diarmaid|title=The Transformation of Ireland 1900-2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWS9MR_G8EoC&pg=PA736|access-date=17 December 2014|year=2005|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781861974433|page=736}} Controversy over Reynolds' unilateral appointment of Whelehan led to the establishment of an independent Judicial Appointments Advisory Board to make recommendations for the government.{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/judicial-appointments-advisory-board-26347615.html|title=Judicial Appointments Advisory Board|date=27 January 2008|work=Irish Independent|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217153542/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/judicial-appointments-advisory-board-26347615.html|url-status=live}}

The rules of the Bar Council of Ireland normally prohibit former judges from working in a court of a level the same as or lower than the court on which they sat.Daniel 2012, p.115{{cite web |url=http://www.lawlibrary.ie/documents/barristers_profession/CodeOfConduct.pdf#page=17 |format=PDF |title=Code of Conduct for the Bar of Ireland |date=23 May 2014 |publisher=Bar Council of Ireland |page=§5.21 |no-pp=y |quote=Judges of the Irish Courts, following retirement or resignation, who return to the Bar may not practice in a court of equal or lesser jurisdiction than the court of which they were a judge. |access-date=22 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222162432/http://www.lawlibrary.ie/documents/barristers_profession/CodeOfConduct.pdf#page=17 |archive-date=22 December 2014 }} In Whelehan's case, this would have meant he could not work in any court, as the President of the High Court is ex officio a member of the Supreme Court. The Bar Council voted in favour of making an exception to the rule for his case.

Whelehan continued to have a successful career at the bar following his return to private practice. The Irish Independent in 2007 reported that repeated recommendations of Whelehan for a judgeship by the Judicial Appointments Advisory Board had been rejected by Fianna Fáil-led governments, because of his role in bringing down the government in 1994.

• {{cite book|last=Daniel|first=Ann|title=Scapegoats for a Profession|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=di4MluhwYpgC&pg=PA109|access-date=18 December 2014|date=2012-11-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136650680|pages=97–122|chapter=Ch.5: A Scandal of Church and State}}
• {{cite book |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=/documents/ParliamentaryInquiries/Nov-1994/Report-Events-Nov-1994.htm |series=Government publications |volume=Pn.1478 |date=1995 |access-date=17 December 2014 |title=Inquiry into the Events of 11 to 15 November 1994 |author=Oireachtas Sub Committee on Legislation and Security |location=Dublin |publisher=Stationery Office |isbn=0-7076-1583-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217184054/http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=%2Fdocuments%2FParliamentaryInquiries%2FNov-1994%2FReport-Events-Nov-1994.htm |archive-date=17 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |last=Whelehan |first=Harry |title=Memorandum to the Taoiseach from the Attorney General : re: John Gerald Brendan Smyth |url=http://opac.oireachtas.ie/AWData/Library3/Library2/DL032076.pdf |series=Official publications |volume=Pn.1177 |date=16 November 1994}}

{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}

{{s-legal}}

{{s-bef|before = John L. Murray}}

{{s-ttl|title = Attorney General of Ireland

|years = 1991–1994}}

{{s-aft|after = Eoghan Fitzsimons}}

{{s-bef|before = Liam Hamilton}}

{{s-ttl|title = President of the High Court

|years = 15–17 November 1994}}

{{s-aft|after = Declan Costello}}

{{s-end}}

{{Attorneys General of Ireland}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Whelehan, Harry}}

Category:Living people

Category:Attorneys general of Ireland

Category:Presidents of the High Court (Ireland)

Category:Irish barristers

Category:1944 births

Category:20th-century Irish judges

Category:Alumni of King's Inns

Category:Lawyers from County Dublin