Hasmonean conquest of Gaza
{{Accuracy|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Hasmonean conquest of Gaza
| date = 1st conquest ~145 BCE, Second Conquest ~96-94 BCE
| partof =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| coordinates =
| image = Jonathan Apphus medal.svg
| caption = Jonathan Apphus
| place = Gaza
| result = Hasmonean victories
- Conquest of Gaza by the Hasmonean dynasty
- Nabatean loss of their main Port
| territory = Gaza incorporated into the Hasmonean dynasty
| combatant1 = Hasmonean dynasty
| combatant2 = Gazan population
Nabataean Kingdom (Lost their main port)
| commander1 = (Under selecuid influence)
Jonathan Apphus
(Independent Kingdom)
Alexander Jannaeus
| commander2 = Unknown
}}
The first conquest of Gaza occurred under Jonathan Apphus around ~145 BCE, when he was acting under Seleucid influence.{{Cite web |last=Shoham |first=Lt Col (res ) Dr Dany |date=2019-06-06 |title=Gaza's Past and Gaza's Present |url=https://besacenter.org/gaza-history-present/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Gaza |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/gaza |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}{{Cite web |last=WordPress.com |first=Blog at |date=2014-07-28 |title=Gaza's Forgotten Jewish Past |url=https://jewishhomela.wordpress.com/2014/07/28/2591/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=JEWISH HOME LA |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=The Jewish communities in Gaza throughout the years |url=https://mkatif.org/katipedia/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A-%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/?lang=en |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Gush Katif Heritage Center |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Gaza |url=https://josephus.org/FlJosephus3/Gaza.htm |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=josephus.org}} The second conquest took place around ~96-94 BCE under Alexander Jannaeus, during the period when Judea was an independent kingdom.{{Cite web |title=Late Hellenistic coins of Gaza and the date of the Hasmonean conquest |url=https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=smb-001:2000:50::367 |website=E-Periodica}}{{Cite web |title=Gates of Gaza |url=https://torahinmotion.org/sites/default/files/programs/sources%20TiM%20Gaza%20%232%20(1).pdf |website=Torah in Motion}}{{Cite web |title=Hasmonean Foreign Policy under Alexander Jannaeus |url=https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/server/api/core/bitstreams/09ad0fed-8ebf-4d77-8063-977ab418cd9e/content |website=Repozytorium Uniwersytetu}}{{Dubious|date=July 2024}} It and was fought between the Hasmoneans and the Gazan population{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bzfvAAAAMAAJ&q=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza |title=Gazette numismatique suisse |date=2002 |publisher=Schweizerische Numismatische Gesellschaft. |language=}}{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS).|date=July 2024}}
Battle
In 145 BCE, Jonathan Apphus initiated an attack on the city and conquered it, then under selecuid influence.{{Cite book |last=Patai |first=Raphael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vcQIEAAAQBAJ&q=Jonathan+the+Hasmonean+conquered+gaza |title=The Children of Noah: Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times |date=2021-02-09 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-22529-6 |language=en}}{{Dubious|date=July 2024}} Alexander Jannaeus succeeded in capturing, and incorporating Gaza into the Hasmonean dynasty as an independent kingdom, after a long siege.{{Cite book |last1=Kreiner |first1=Jared |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IdcBEQAAQBAJ&q=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza |title=Ancient Warfare, Volume II: Introducing Current Research |last2=Wrightson |first2=Graham |date=2024-04-03 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-7040-5 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Atkinson |first=Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrfMDAAAQBAJ&dq=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza&pg=PA118 |title=A History of the Hasmonean State: Josephus and Beyond |date=2016-09-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-567-66903-2 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last1=Meyers |first1=Eric M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ESgZAQAAIAAJ&q=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East |last2=Research |first2=American Schools of Oriental |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-511215-3 |language=en}}
Following the Hasmonean conquest of Idumea, Samaria, and Galilee, the focus shifted to the coastal plain. Cities like Akko and Jaffa{{Cite journal |last=Arbel |first=Yoav |date=2011-01-01 |title=The Hasmonean Conquest of Jaffa: Chronology and New Background Evidencet.pdf |url=https://www.academia.edu/30940046 |journal=Academia.edu}}{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvdjrrkm |title=The History and Archaeology of Jaffa 1 |date=2011 |publisher=Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press at UCLA |doi=10.2307/j.ctvdjrrkm |jstor=j.ctvdjrrkm |isbn=978-1-931745-81-9 |editor-last=Peilstöcker |editor-first=Martin |editor-last2=Burke |editor-first2=Aaron A.}} in the north and Gaza in the south.{{Cite book |last=Malamat |first=Abraham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kSovzudhFUC&dq=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza&pg=PA221 |title=A History of the Jewish People |date=1976 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-39731-6 |language=en}} Despite Gaza's alliance with the Nabateans, they didn't receive any aid.{{Cite book |last=Eshel |first=Hanan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t05okj1LB3QC&dq=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza&pg=PA117 |title=The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Hasmonean State |date=2008-07-31 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-6285-3 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Paprocki |first=Maciej |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3zKDwAAQBAJ&dq=Hasmonean+conquest+of+gaza&pg=PA113 |title=Roads in the Deserts of Roman Egypt: Analysis, Atlas, Commentary |date=2019-07-19 |publisher=Oxbow Books |isbn=978-1-78925-159-3 |language=en}} With Alexander Jannaeus' conquest of Gaza, the Nabateans lost their primary access to the Mediterranean Sea, as Gaza had served as their main port.
References
External links
[https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/gaza-a-brief-history/ Gaza: A Brief History]