Hasora taminatus

The butterfly is found in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Cambodia Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Hong Kong, western China, Malaysia, the Indonesian archipelago (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias, Sumbawa and Bali), the Philippines and Sulawesi.

In India the butterfly is found in South India, where it occurs in the Western Ghats, Kodagu, Nilgiri mountains and Palni hills; and in the Himalayas from Mussoorie eastwards to Sikkim and through to Myanmar. It is also found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India|last1=R.K.|first1=Varshney|last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=25|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |year=1932 |page=316, ser no I1.15 }}

The type locality is South India.

File:Hasora taminatus-Thekkady-2016-12-03-001.jpg, Kerala]]

William Harry Evans (1932) reports that it is common in South India and not rare elsewhere.

{{Lepidopteran glossary hatnote}}

The butterfly, which has a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm, is dark brown and unmarked above; and resembles the common banded awl (Hasora chromus), except that it has a broad white band on the under hindwing which is sharply defined. The female white banded awl has small spots on the upper forewing while the male has no brand above.{{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |author-link=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |isbn=978-8170192329 |page=468 }}{{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 |page=192 }}

Edward Yerbury Watson (1891) gives detailed descriptions of H. t. malayana (C. & R. Felder, 1860), shown below:{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64080#page/32/mode/1up|title=Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon|last=E. Y.|first=Watson|author-link=Edward Yerbury Watson|publisher=Vest and Company|year=1891|location=Madras|pages=18}}}} (under Parata malayana Felder).

{{quote|Alls supra fuscis, subtus anticarum limbo costali, posticarum dimidio basali chalybaeis, his striga discali alba.|(Felder, I. c.)}}

{{quote|The females have a small semi-transparent yellowish discal speck between the two posterior branches of the median vein, and of course lack the oblique band of short lines of modified scales seen in the males of this as well as of the preceding {{sic|hide=y|closely|-}}allied species." (Wood-Mason and de Niceville, J. A. S. B., 1881, p. 254.)

The above refers to Andaman females only, as in the Nicobar females the small semi-transparent yellow discal speck between the two posterior branches of the median vein is wanting according to Messrs. Wood-Mason and de Niceville.

Recorded from the Andamans and Nicobars.}}

Note: As H. t. malayana is sympatric with another subspecies, H. t. bhavara Fruhstorfer, 1911 in part of its range it has now been given specific status.

The larva has been recorded on Derris scandens and Pongamia pinnatta species.{{Cite journal|date=2018-04-10|title=Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India|author1=Ravikanthachari Nitin|author2= V.C. Balakrishnan|author3= Paresh V. Churi|author4= S. Kalesh|author5= Satya Prakash|author6= Krushnamegh Kunte|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3104/4402|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=10|issue=4|pages=11495–11550|via=JoTT|doi=10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550|doi-access=free}}

• Hasora taminatus taminatus
• Hasora taminatus vairacana Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Taiwan, Japan)
• Hasora taminatus bhavara Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Sikkim)
• Hasora taminatus padma Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Palawan)
• Hasora taminatus malayana (C. & R. Felder, 1860) (Sikkim to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Hong Kong, West China, Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias, Sumbawa, Bali)
• Hasora taminatus attenuata (Staudinger, 1889) (Sulawesi)
• Hasora taminatus amboinensis Swinhoe, 1909 (New Guinea)

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |year=1932 }}
• {{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 }}
• Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.
• {{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |author-link=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |isbn=978-8170192329 }}

• {{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/ |title=The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) |last1=Beccaloni |first1=George |last2=Scoble |first2=Malcolm |last3=Kitching |first3=Ian |last4=Simonsen |first4=Thomas |last5=Robinson |first5=Gaden |last6=Pitkin |first6=Brian |last7=Hine |first7=Adrian |last8=Lyal |first8=Chris |publisher=Natural History Museum, London |access-date=2016-10-15 }}
• Brower, Andrew V. Z., (2007). Hasora Moore 1881. Version 21 February 2007 (under construction). Page on [http://tolweb.org/Hasora/94263/2007.02.21 genus Hasora] in The Tree of Life Web Project http://tolweb.org/.
• {{cite web |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ |title=Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3595424}}

taminatus

Category:Butterflies of Java

Category:Butterflies of Indochina

Category:Butterflies of Singapore

Category:Butterflies of Borneo

Category:Butterflies described in 1818

Category:Taxa named by Jacob Hübner

Category:Butterflies of Malaysia

Category:Butterflies of Sri Lanka

Category:Lepidoptera of Sumatra

Category:Lepidoptera of the Philippines