HathiTrust

Hathi ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɑː|t|i}}), derived from the Sanskrit {{Lang|sa-latn|hastin}}, is the Hindi word for 'elephant', an animal famed for its long-term memory.{{cite press release |url=http://www.hathitrust.org/press_10-13-2008 |title=Launch of HathiTrust: Major Library Partners Launch HathiTrust Shared Digital Repository |date=October 13, 2008 |publisher=HathiTrust |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819041634/https://www.hathitrust.org/press_10-13-2008 |archive-date=August 19, 2019 |url-status=dead }}

HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California.{{cite web |last=Karels |first=Liene |date=November 2010 |url=http://www.montage.umich.edu/2010/11/hathitrust-adds-new-members-goes-global/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302084528/http://www.montage.umich.edu/2010/11/hathitrust-adds-new-members-goes-global/ |archive-date=2014-03-02 |title=HathiTrust adds new members, goes global |website=University of Michigan |access-date=2019-06-21}} As of 2024, members include more than 219 research libraries{{cite web|url=http://www.hathitrust.org/community|title=HathiTrust Partnership Community|website=HathiTrust|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905220129/https://www.hathitrust.org/community|archive-date=5 September 2015|url-status=live}} across the United States, Canada, and Europe, and is based on a shared governance structure. Costs are shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.{{cite web |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/cost |title=Cost |website=HathiTrust |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118180144/https://www.hathitrust.org/cost |archive-date=2019-01-18 |url-status=live }} The repository is administered by the University of Michigan.{{cite web |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/governance |title=Governance |website=HathiTrust |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621200153/https://www.hathitrust.org/governance |archive-date=2019-06-21 |url-status=live }} The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough,{{cite web |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/staff |title=HathiTrust Staff |website=HathiTrust |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621200156/https://www.hathitrust.org/staff |archive-date=2019-06-21 |url-status=live }} who succeeded founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2013 |title=Update on May 2013 Activities |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/updates_may2013 |access-date=2023-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316163708/https://www.hathitrust.org/updates_may2013 |website=HathiTrust}} The HathiTrust Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, representing three-quarters of HathiTrust digital book holdings.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hathitrust.org/shared_print_program|title=Shared Print Program |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |access-date=2019-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127165302/https://www.hathitrust.org/shared_print_program|archive-date=2019-11-27|url-status=live}}

In September 2011, the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust (Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust), alleging massive copyright violation.{{cite news |title=Lawsuit Seeks the Removal of a Digital Book Collection |author=Bosman |date=September 12, 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/business/media/authors-sue-to-remove-books-from-digital-archive.html |first=Julie |access-date=November 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219122559/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/business/media/authors-sue-to-remove-books-from-digital-archive.html |archive-date=December 19, 2012 |url-status=live }} A federal court ruled against the Authors Guild in October 2012, finding that HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google was fair use under US law.{{cite news |title=Google Scanning Is Fair Use Says Judge |first=Andrew |last=Albanese |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/54321-in-hathitrust-ruling-judge-says-google-scanning-is-fair-use.html |newspaper=Publishers Weekly |date=11 October 2012 |access-date=11 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015015239/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/54321-in-hathitrust-ruling-judge-says-google-scanning-is-fair-use.html |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=live }} The court's opinion relied on the transformativeness doctrine of federal copyright law, holding that HathiTrust had transformed the copyrighted works without infringing on the copyright holders' rights. That decision was largely affirmed by the Second Circuit on June 10, 2014, which found that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court to reconsider whether the plaintiffs had standing to sue regarding HathiTrust's library preservation copies.{{cite web |url-status=dead |title=Authors Guild v. HathiTrust |url=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/f53d7f67-6a40-4e5e-b902-5dbe8ba2e692/1/doc/12-4547_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/f53d7f67-6a40-4e5e-b902-5dbe8ba2e692/1/hilite/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808061609/http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/f53d7f67-6a40-4e5e-b902-5dbe8ba2e692/1/doc/12-4547_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/f53d7f67-6a40-4e5e-b902-5dbe8ba2e692/1/hilite/ |archive-date=August 8, 2014 }}

In September 2024, HathiTrust comprised more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States. HathiTrust provides a number of discovery and access services, notably, full-text search across the entire repository.

As of 2021, the copyright policy states that "many works in our collection are protected by copyright law, so we cannot ordinarily publicly display large portions of those protected works unless we have permission from the copyright holder", and thus "if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status. Because of differences in international copyright laws, access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896."{{cite web | url = https://www.hathitrust.org/help_copyright#RestrictedAccess| title = Trust copyright policy - restrictions on access | archive-url = https://archive.today/20110726144301/https://www.hathitrust.org/help_copyright | archive-date = July 26, 2011 | url-status = live}}

PageTurner is the web application on the HathiTrust website for viewing publications.{{cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Ellen |date=May 9, 2011 |title=Viewing HathiTrust books just got better |url=https://www.cdlib.org/cdlinfo/2011/05/09/viewing-hathitrust-books-just-got-better/ |publisher=California Digital Library |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621200227/https://www.cdlib.org/cdlinfo/2011/05/09/viewing-hathitrust-books-just-got-better/ |archive-date=June 21, 2019 |url-status=live }} From PageTurner readers can navigate through a publication, download a PDF version of it, and view pages in different ways, such as one page at a time, scrolling, flipping, or thumbnail views.{{cite web |title=HathiTrust User's Guide |date=May 2012 |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/documents/hathitrust-users-guide.pdf |website=HathiTrust |access-date=2019-06-21 |page=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109140500/https://www.hathitrust.org/documents/hathitrust-users-guide.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-09 |url-status=live }}

The Emergency Temporary Access Service{{cite web |title=Emergency Temporary Access Service |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/ETAS-Description |website=HathiTrust Digital Library}} (ETAS) is a service provided by HathiTrust that makes it possible in certain special situations, such as closure of a library for a public health emergency, for users of HathiTrust member libraries to obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the corresponding physical books held by the same library.

• JSTOR

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• {{Cite journal |last1=Christenson |first1=Heather |title=HathiTrust: A Research Library at Web Scale |journal=Library Resources & Technical Services |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=93–102 |date=2011-04-29 |doi=10.5860/lrts.55n2.93 |issn=2159-9610 |df=mdy-all |url=https://journals.ala.org/index.php/lrts/article/download/5226/6351 |doi-access=free }}
• {{Cite web |last1=Helft |first1=Miguel |title=An Elephant Backs Up Google's Library |work=The New York Times |date=2008-10-13 |url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/13/an-elephant-backs-up-googles-library/ |access-date=2018-05-12 |df=mdy-all }}
• {{Cite conference |last1=Miller |first1=Matthew |last2=Choi |first2=Gilok |last3=Chell |first3=Lindsay |title=Comparison of Three Digital Library Interfaces: Open Library, Google Books, and Hathi Trust |pages=367–368 |date=2012 |doi=10.1145/2232817.2232894 |isbn=978-1-4503-1154-0 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |book-title=Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries |location=New York |df=mdy-all }}
• {{Cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Diane Parr |title=HathiTrust: Transforming the Library Landscape |journal=Indiana Libraries |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=58–64 |date=2012 |url=https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/IndianaLibraries/article/view/2069 |issn=2164-0475 |df=mdy-all }}

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{{Wikidata property|P1844}}

• {{Official website}}
• {{cite web |url=https://www.hathitrust.org/press_10-13-2008 |title=Major Library Partners Launch HathiTrust Shared Digital Repository |website=HathiTrust |access-date=2019-06-21 |archive-date=2020-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811005738/https://www.hathitrust.org/press_10-13-2008 |url-status=dead }} Official press release from 13 October 2008.

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Category:2008 establishments in the United States

Category:American digital libraries

Category:Full-text scholarly online databases

Category:Mass digitization

Category:Organizations established in 2008