Hatzohar

{{Infobox political party

|name = Hatzohar

|logo = Hatzohar.svg

|colorcode = {{party color|Hatzohar}}

|leader = Ze'ev Jabotinsky
Menachem Begin
Aryeh Altman

|president =

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|secretary_general =

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|ideology = Revisionist Zionism
National liberalism{{refn|{{Cite web |title=‘Balancing the liberal and the national was the genetic code of the movement Jabotinsky and Begin founded’: Dan Meridor on why Israel needs to renew the Liberal National tradition |url=https://fathomjournal.org/balancing-the-liberal-and-the-national-was-the-genetic-code-of-the-movement-jabotinsky-and-begin-founded-dan-meridor-on-why-israel-needs-to-renew-the-liberal-national-tradition/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Fathom}}{{Citation |last=Ozavci |first=Ozan |title=A Jewish “Liberal” in Istanbul: Vladimir Jabotinsky, the Young Turks and the Zionist Press Network, 1908–1911 |date=2020 |work=Jews, Liberalism, Antisemitism: A Global History |pages=289–314 |editor-last=Green |editor-first=Abigail |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48240-4_12 |access-date=2024-04-04 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-48240-4_12 |isbn=978-3-030-48240-4 |editor2-last=Levis Sullam |editor2-first=Simon}}}}

|headquarters =

|website =

|country = Israel

|native_name = {{Nobold|{{Script/Hebrew|הצה"ר}}}}

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|founded = 1925

|dissolved = 1949

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|merged = Herut

|newspaper = Hazit HaAm
{{ill|HaYarden|he|הירדן (כתב עת)}}
HaMashkif

|youth_wing = Betar

|wing1_title = Paramilitary

|wing1 = Betar

|wing2_title =

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|membership_year = 1934

|membership = 600,000

|position = Right-wing

|colors = {{Color box|#278FC4|border=darkgray}} Blue

|seats1_title = Most MKs

|seats1 = 0

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|symbol = 20px

}}

Hatzohar ({{Langx|he|הצה"ר}}), full name Brit HaTzionim HaRevizionistim ({{lit|Alliance of Revisionist Zionists}}), was a Revisionist Zionist organization and political party in Mandatory Palestine and newly independent Israel.

History

Hatzohar was founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky and others in Paris in April 1925.[http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Revisionist_Zionists Revisionist Zionists], YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/jabotinsky.html Ze'ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky] Jewish Virtual Library{{Cite web|url=https://franckel.com/|title=Isidore Franckel notable figure in Jewish history founded Zionist-Revisionist Hatzohar with Jabotinsky.|website=Franckel.com}} It followed the establishment of Jabotinsky's revisionist youth movement Betar in 1923. The initial nucleus of the movement consisted of a group of Russian Zionists who had supported Jabotinsky in establishing the Jewish Legion during World War I.

The photo of the First World Conference in Paris in 1925 shows 22 founding members. Aside from Jabotinsky, they included: M. Berchin-Benedictoff, Isidore Frankel, Meir Grossman, A. Ginsbourg, {{ill|Aron Propes|he|אהרן צבי פרופס}}, Jacques Segal, Albert Stara, Ze'ev (Vladimir) Tiomkin, Zinovy Tiomkin, Israel Trivus, and Yehoshua Yeivin.

The name of 'revisionist' stems from the demands by these Zionists for a revision of the Zionist Organization's policies and its leadership under Chaim Weizmann, as well as the elected Jewish leadership in Palestine. They saw these policies as appeasement of British Government decisions in Mandatory Palestine.

The party began publishing Hazit HaAm in 1931, but it was shut down by the British authorities after a few months. They went on to establish {{ill|HaYarden|he|הירדן (כתב עת)}}, and in 1938 the daily HaMashkif.[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/press.html The Israeli Press] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020911024443/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/press.html |date=2002-09-11 }} Jewish Virtual Library The party had briefly also been associated with Doar HaYom.

Polish members of the organisation were, among other things, instrumental in creating Żydowski Związek Wojskowy, one of two Jewish organisations that organised the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

At the time of Israel's independence in 1948, Hatzohar was the largest right-wing organization in the country, and had three seats in the Provisional State Council (held by Herzl Rosenblum, Zvi Segal and Ben-Zion Sternberg). However, the founding of Herut by Menachem Begin in the same year undermined its success. Although some purists alleged that Begin was out to steal Jabotinsky's mantle and refused to defect from the party, under the leadership of Aryeh Altman, Hatzohar won less than 1% of the vote in Israel's first elections and failed to cross the Knesset's electoral threshold. In contrast, Herut won 14 seats with 11.5% of the vote; Altman later joined Herut and was elected to the Knesset on its list in 1951, whilst Begin would carry Revisionist ideology of Likud to electoral victory in 1977.