Hawker P.1052

{{Infobox aircraft

|name = P.1052

|image =Hawker P.1052 front view 1949.jpg

|caption =The first Hawker P.1052, in 1949

|type = research aircraft

|manufacturer = Hawker Aircraft Limited

|designer =

|first_flight = 19 November 1948

|introduction =

|retired =

|produced =

|number_built = 2

|status = Experimental

|unit cost =

|primary_user = Royal Aircraft Establishment

|more_users =

|developed_from = Hawker Sea Hawk

|variants = Hawker P.1081

}}

The Hawker P.1052 was a British experimental aircraft built by Hawker Aircraft Limited for trials with swept wings.

Design and development

The origins of the P.1052 were in a 1945 design study by the Hawker design team for a development of the P.1040 using swept back wings. Interest was not shown by the Ministry of Supply until the spring of 1946 when Air Ministry specification E.38/46 (to undertake studies into the aerodynamic properties of swept wings) was issued, and a contract awarded in May 1947 for Hawker to supply two prototypes.{{sfn|Flight|1950|p=189}}{{sfn|McLelland|2013|p=}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}

A 35 degree sweep in the wings was the most significant aerodynamic innovation in the P.1052, relative to the P.1040. This feature was developed in conjunction with the RAE at Farnborough.{{sfn|McLelland|2013|p=}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}} In addition, the tailplane was cropped to a shorter span (by removing the rounded tips on the P.1040) and was adjustable in incidence to allow changes in trim at the anticipated higher speeds.{{sfn|Flight|1950|pp=189–190}}

The first prototype (VX272) was ready in time for static exhibition at the 1948 S.B.A.C Farnborough display, but permission was withheld on grounds of secrecy. It first flew on 19 November 1948, with the second prototype (VX279) flying on 13 April 1949.{{sfn|Flight|1950|p=189}}{{sfn|Mason|1971|pp=328–330}}

In late 1949 or early 1950, following tests on a third, non-flying airframe, VX272 had both wings and fuselage strengthened. At around the same time, VX279 was fitted with a variable incidence tailplane.

During 1950, VX279 was significantly rebuilt, with a single jet outlet and swept empennage; it was subsequently given a separate designation, as the Hawker P.1081.

VX272 was retro-fitted with the original rear fuselage of VX279 – after strengthening and installation of an arrestor hook. VX272 was also fitted with a bullet-type fairing at the tailplane-fin intersection, which improved its high-speed behaviour.

In May 1952, with the addition of a long-stroke undercarriage (from a Sea Hawk), VX272 undertook take-off and landing trials on board {{HMS|Eagle|R05|6}}. In June the same year, it received a final modification: a variable incidence swept tailplane, after which it flew high-speed trials with the RAE. These were terminated and VX272 was removed from service in September 1953, following a forced landing.{{sfn|Mason|1971|pp=328–330}}

The focus of research at Hawker was transferred to the P.1067, which would become better known as the Hawker Hunter. No further examples of the P.1052 were built. In hindsight, the P.1052 may be seen as part of a transition from the centrifugally powered, straight-winged Sea Hawk to the axially powered, swept-wing Hunter.

The P.1078 – a variant in which the P.1052 was to have been augmented by a small built-in rocket engine (i.e. the Armstrong Siddeley Snarler), became the subject of a design study. However, because work on another rocket-powered design – the P.1040-based Hawker P.1072 (which had un-swept wings) – was significantly advanced, the P.1078 was never built.{{sfn|Mason|1971|pp=328–330}}

Aircraft on display

The first prototype VX272 is displayed at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton.

Operators

;{{UK}}

Royal Aircraft Establishment

Specifications (P.1052)

File:Hawker P1052 landing on HMS Eagle (R05) 1952.jpg

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=Hawker aircraft since 1920{{cite book |last1=Mason |first1=Francis K. |title=Hawker aircraft since 1920 |date=1991 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0-85177-839-9 |pages=368–370 |edition=3rd, rev.}}

|prime units?=imp

|crew=1

|length ft=39

|length in=7

|length note=Straight tailplane

::::{{cvt|40|ft|3|in|0}} swept tailplane

|span ft=31

|span in=6

|span note=

|height ft=10

|height in=6

|height note=

|wing area sqft=258

|wing area note=

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=

|empty weight lb=9450

|empty weight note=

|gross weight lb=13488

|gross weight note=

|max takeoff weight lb=

|max takeoff weight note=

|fuel capacity=

|more general=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Rolls-Royce RN.2 Nene

|eng1 type=centrifugal-flow turbojet engine

|eng1 lbf=5000

|eng1 note=

|max speed mph=593

|max speed note=at sea level

|max speed mach=0.87 (661 mph, 1065 km/h, 575 kn) at {{cvt|36000|ft|0}} with swept tailplane

|cruise speed mph=

|cruise speed note=

|stall speed mph=

|stall speed note=

|never exceed speed mph=

|never exceed speed note=

|range miles=

|range note=

|ferry range miles=

|ferry range note=

|endurance=

|ceiling ft=45500

|ceiling note=

|g limits=

|roll rate=

|glide ratio=

|climb rate ftmin=3864

|climb rate note=

|time to altitude={{cvt|35000|ft|0}} in 9 minutes 30 seconds

|lift to drag=

|wing loading lb/sqft=

|wing loading note=

|fuel consumption lb/mi=

|thrust/weight=

|more performance=

}}

Citations

Bibliography

{{cite book |last1=Buttler |first1=Tony |title=X-Planes of Europe |date=2015 |publisher=Hikoki Publications |location=Manchester, UK |isbn=978-1-90210-948-0|volume=II: Military Prototype Aircraft from the Golden Age 1946–1974}}
{{cite book |title=Hawker Aircraft since 1920 |last=Mason |first=Francis K. |edition=2nd |year=1971 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0-370-00066-8 }}
{{cite magazine |ref={{harvid|Flight|1950}}

|title=P.1052 |magazine=Flight |date=9 February 1950 |pages=189–194 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1950/1950%20-%200285.html |access-date=17 February 2020}}

{{cite book |last=McLelland |first=Tim |title=Britain's Cold War Fighters |year=2013 |publisher=Fonthill Media |isbn=978-1-78155-100-4 }}