Haworth (crater)

{{Short description|Lunar surface depression}}

{{expand Chinese|date=August 2018|topic=sci}}

{{Infobox Lunar crater

| image = Haworth crater.jpg

| caption = Haworth Crater as imaged by Diviner. NASA photo.

| coordinates = {{coord|86.9|S|4|W|globe:moon_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| diameter = 51.4 km

| depth =

| colong =

| eponym = Walter Haworth

}}

Haworth is an impact crater that lies at the south pole region of the Moon. The crater is named after British chemist Walter Haworth.

Formation

According to a 2015 study by Tye et al., Haworth was formed sometime during the Pre-Nectarian period, meaning it is at least 3.9 Ga (billion years) old.{{cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103515001165|title=The age of lunar south circumpolar craters Haworth, Shoemaker, Faustini, and Shackleton: Implications for regional geology, surface processes, and volatile sequestration|journal=Icarus|last1=Tye|first1=Alexander R.|display-authors=et al|date=15 July 2015|accessdate=September 2, 2022|volume=255|pages=70–77|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.016|publisher=Elsevier|bibcode=2015Icar..255...70T |hdl=2060/20150006822|hdl-access=free}}

Physical features

Due to Haworth's position near the lunar south pole, large amounts of the crater are permanently shadowed regions. These regions are very cold; many are believed to never reach temperatures above 40 Kelvin, making Haworth colder than nearby craters such as Shackleton and Faustini.{{cite web|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2013/eposter/2617.pdf|title=Thermal Extremes in Permanently Shadowed Regions at the Lunar South Pole|work=Jet Propulsion Laboratory|publisher=NASA & UCLA|date=2013|accessdate=September 2, 2022|last1=Sefton-Nash|first1=Elliott|last2=Seigler|first2=Matthew A.|last3=Paige|first3=David A.}} Haworth and its surrounding low-lying areas are home to frost, which may be partly caused by these particularly low temperatures.{{cite journal|title=Lunar water migration in the interval between large impacts: Heterogeneous delivery to Permanently Shadowed Regions, fractionation, and diffusive barriers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets|date=16 December 2015|doi=10.1002/2015JE004929|pages=46–60|volume=121|issue=1|last1=Moores|first1=John E.|publisher=American Geophysical Union|s2cid=131734382 |doi-access=free}}

See also

References

{{reflist

| refs =

{{cite web

| date = January 16, 2009

| url = http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=7833

| title = Chandrayaan-1 peeks inside Moon craters

| publisher = Astronomy.com

| accessdate = June 22, 2010

}}

{{cite web

| date = October 30, 2008

| url = https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/346-Two-New-Crater-Names-Approved-for-Earths-Moon.html

| title = Two New Crater Names Approved for Earth's Moon

| publisher = U.S. Geological Survey

| accessdate = June 22, 2010

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611050935/http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?%2Farchives%2F346-Two-New-Crater-Names-Approved-for-Earths-Moon.html

| archive-date = June 11, 2011

| url-status = dead

}}

}}