Haydarpaşa railway station

In 1871 Sultan Abdülaziz ordered the first railway line to be built from Haydarpaşa in Istanbul to İzmit.[http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/History/CFOA CFOA History] - Trains and Railways of Turkey Haydarpaşa station opened in 1872, by which time the railway extended as far as Gebze. In 1888 the Anatolian Railway (Chemins de fer Ottomans d'Anatolie, CFOA) took over the line and the station. Since the station was built right beside the Bosphorus, freight trains could unload at Haydarpaşa and the freight could be transferred straight to ships. Haydarpaşa station saw its first regular passenger service - daily train from Haydarpaşa to İzmit - in 1890. In 1892 the CFOA laid a line to Ankara and shortly afterwards a daily train started to run between the two cities.

File:Haydarpasa-1070032 1070097a.jpg

Haydarpaşa was chosen as the northern terminus for the Baghdad Railway and the Hejaz Railway in 1904, and, with rail traffic increasing, a larger building was required. The Anatolian Railway hired two German architects, Otto Ritter and Helmut Conu, to build the new building. They chose a Neo-classical design and construction started in 1906. Its foundation is based on 1100 wooden piles, each {{Convert|21|m}} long, driven into the soft shore by a steam hammer. German and Italian stonemasons crafted the decoration of the exterior. The work was completed on land reclaimed from the sea on 19 August 1909 and the new terminal was inaugurated on 4 November 1909 for the birthday of Mehmed V. While the work was in progress the community of German engineers and craftsmen established a small German neighbourhood with its own school in the Yeldeğirmeni quarter of Kadıköy.{{Cite web |title=The German School at Yeldeğirmeni |url=http://maviboncuk.blogspot.com/2020/02/the-german-school-at-yeldegirmeni.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en}}

World War I broke out in 1914 and the Ottoman Empire sided with the Central Powers against the Allied Powers. When the Ottomans lost İstanbul was taken over by the British Empire and Haydarpaşa fell under British military control during the occupation.

In 1917 the architect Vedat Tek designed the pretty terminal decorated with Kütahya tiles where ferries used to deposit would-be train passengers in front of the station.{{Cite book |last=Yale 1 Tonguç 2 |first=Pat 1 Saffet Emre 2 |title=Istanbul The Ultimate Guide |publisher=Boyut |year=2010 |isbn=9789752307346 |edition=1st |location=Istanbul |pages=493 |language=English}}

File:Haydarpasa train station.jpg

File:Trains at Haydarpasa.jpg

The Turkish Independence War ended on 29 October 1923 with the British withdrawal from Istanbul and the formation of the Republic of Turkey. Haydarpaşa terminal was still under CFOA control but in 1927 the newly formed Turkish State Railways (TCDD) took over the CFOA and the terminal as part of the process of nationalising all the Turkish railways.[http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/History/TCDD TCDD History] - Trains and Railways of Turkey In 1927 the CIWL started a premier train service, the all-sleeper Anatolian Express, that travelled daily between Haydarpaşa and Ankara. In 1938 the Eastern Express started running from Haydarpaşa to the eastern Turkish city of Kars, a distance of {{convert|1994|km|abbr=on}}.The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Steam and Rail - By Colin Garrat and Max Wade-Matthews, page 401 The famous Taurus Express from Haydarpaşa to Baghdad, a distance of {{convert|2566|km|abbr=on}}, entered service in 1940.The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Steam and Rail - By Colin Garrat and Max Wade-Matthews, page 396 In 1965 the Trans-Asia Express began running from Haydarpaşa to Tehran, a distance of {{convert|3059|km|abbr=on}}.The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Steam and Rail - By Colin Garrat and Max Wade-Matthews, page 403 In 1969 the tracks from Haydarpaşa to Gebze were electrified with 25 kV AC catenary for the Haydarpaşa-Gebze commuter line.

File:Haydarpaşa Terminus And Pier.jpg

File:Haydarpaşa (2024).jpg

In 1979 a tanker burning on the Bosphorus damaged the terminal building, but it was restored a few months later. On 28 November 2010 a fire caused by carelessness during restoration work destroyed the station's roof and the 4th floor. Three people were sentenced to ten months in prison for "recklessly causing the fire".{{Cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-court-sentences-three-people-in-haydarpasa-station-fire-case-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=59151&NewsCatID=341|title=Istanbul court sentences three people in Haydarpaşa Station fire case - LOCAL|website=Hürriyet Daily News {{!}} LEADING NEWS SOURCE FOR TURKEY AND THE REGION|date=6 December 2013 |access-date=2017-09-03}}

In 2011 the World Monuments Fund, the New York-based heritage preservation organisation, placed the railway terminal on its 2012 Watch, drawing attention to its uncertain future.[http://www.wmf.org/project/haydarpasa-railway-station Haydarpaşa Railway Station WMF Program: 2012 Watch] - World Monuments Fund In November 2012 the station hosted a three-day art exhibition entitled Haydarpasa: Past, Present and Uncertain Future, which was organised in collaboration with the WMF, and featured Canadian and Turkish artists and photographers seeking to raise international interest in preserving the station as a transportation hub.

On 2 February 2012 Haydarpaşa Station closed to long-distance trains to allow for the construction of the Istanbul–Ankara high-speed railway and the Marmaray which now connects Istanbul's Asian and European sides, halting train services between Istanbul and the Anatolian region of Turkey).[http://www.portturkey.com/culture-and-art/545-haydarpasa-closed-for-restoration-after-104-years Haydarpasa closed for restoration after 104 years] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205014550/http://www.portturkey.com/culture-and-art/545-haydarpasa-closed-for-restoration-after-104-years |date=2012-02-05 }} - PortTurkey.com Although work on the Marmaray has now been completed along with high-speed train services to Ankara, Konya and Eskişehir, these now leave from stations other than Haydarpaşa which remained closed and under restoration in 2022.

File:Restoration works of the Haydarapaşa railway station_Rev.jpg

In 2018, remains of a Byzantine coastal town were uncovered during restoration work on the station.[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/archaeological-remains-from-byzantine-era-found-during-restoration-of-historic-istanbul-station-135155 Archaeological remains from Byzantine era found during restoration of historic Istanbul station] The excavations also unearthed a Byzantine-era fountain, a large fortification wall and a ceramic brick kiln.[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/intact-skeleton-found-in-haydarpasa-train-station-excavations-138307 Intact skeleton found in Haydarpaşa train station excavations] Dozens of graves were also discovered; in October 2018, archaeologists found an intact skeleton wearing a scented necklace. Jewellery and coins dating back to between 610-641 and 527-565 AD were also found.

A podium made of sheared rectangular blocks found between the railway platforms is believed to date back to the Hellenistic era.

File:Haydarpaşa Terminal and Seraglio Point at the back, İstanbul.JPG in the background.]]

File:Haydarpasa campus general.jpg, originally built as the Imperial Medical School and designed by Alexander Vallaury and Raimondo D'Aronco.]]

The small Haydarpaşa Cemetery is dedicated to the British and Commonwealth soldiers who lost their lives during the Crimean War (1854–1856) and the two World Wars. It also contains the graves of members of the Levantine community who used to live in Kadıköy and Moda.

The north-west wing of the 19th-century Selimiye Barracks was transformed into a military hospital during the Crimean War and became the place where the nursing pioneer Florence Nightingale cared for wounded and infected British soldiers. Her room is maintained in a small museum which also contains other items dating from the Crimean War. Permission from the military is required before visiting the museum.{{Cite web |title=Florence Nightingale and her Museum {{!}} All About Turkey |url=https://www.allaboutturkey.com/florence-nightingale.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.allaboutturkey.com}}

The buildings of the Haydarpaşa Numune Hospital, GATA Military Hospital, Dr. Siyami Ersek Hospital and the present-day Haydarpaşa Campus of the Marmara University designed by architects Alexander Vallaury and Raimondo D'Aronco are also near the station.

• Baghdad Railway
• Hejaz Railway
• Istanbul Sirkeci Terminal, the other major train terminal of Istanbul on the European side
• List of train stations in Turkey
• Public transport in Istanbul

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Haydarpaşa Terminal}}

• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/baskent-ekspresi.htm Başkent Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/fatih-ekspresi.htm Fatih Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/bogazici-treni.htm Boğaziçi Treni]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/anadolu-ekspresi.htm Anadolu Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/ankara-ekspresi.htm Ankara Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/ic-anadolu-mavi-treni.htm İç Anadolu Mavi Treni]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/meram-ekspresi.htm Meram Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/dogu-ekspresi.htm Doğu Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/van-golu-ekspresi.htm Vangölü Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/transasya-ekspresi-tatvan.htm Transasya Ekspresi]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110808011023/http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/guney-ekspresi.htm Güney Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/cumhuriyet-ekspresi.htm Cumhuriyet Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/eskisehir-ekspresi.htm Eskişehir Ekspresi]
• [http://www.e-yasamrehberi.com/tren-saatleri/anahat-trenleri/sakarya-ekspresi.htm Sakarya Ekspresi]
• [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/journeysbyrail/9834174/The-worlds-most-spectacular-railway-stations.html#?frame=2465115 The world's most spectacular railway stations]
• [https://www.5kbw.co.uk/?URL=https%3A%2F%2Flegendaweb.com/jasa-pembuatan-website/ Mesin Ekspresi]

{{TCDD}}

{{Railway stations in Turkey}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haydarpasa Terminal}}

Category:Historic sites in Turkey

Category:Transport in Kadıköy

Category:Ottoman railways

Category:Railway stations in Istanbul Province

Category:Railway stations in Turkey opened in 1872

Category:Railway stations in Turkey closed in 2013

Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey

Category:Railway stations in Turkey opened in 1917