Hayrullah Fişek
{{Short description|Turkish general and politician (1885–1975)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =Hayrullah Fişek
| honorific-suffix =
| image =Hayrullah Fisek 1932.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Mirliva Hayrullah Pasha (11 November 1932)
|nationality = Ottoman, Turkish
|order = Turkish Army
|office =
|term_start =
|term_end =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|order2 =
|office2 = Undersecretary for the Ministry of National Defence
|term_start2 =
|term_end2 =
|birth_date = 3 June 1885
|birth_place = Kalkandelen, Ottoman Empire
(currently Tetovo, North Macedonia)
|death_date = 13 July 1975 (aged 90)
|party =
| nickname =
| allegiance =Ottoman Empire, Turkey
| branch =
| serviceyears =
| rank =Major general
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =First Balkan War
Second Balkan War
World War I
Caucasus Campaign
Battle of Sakarya
| battles_label =
| awards =Turkish Medal of Independence
Order of the Medjidie
| relations =
}}
General Hayrullah Fişek (1885–1975) was a career officer in the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army (Captain, Ottoman War Academy, 1904 - rtd. 1945, Major-General (Mirliva)Mahmut Goloğlu, Cumhuriyete doğru, 1921-1922, Başnur Matbaası, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LDINAQAAIAAJ&q=Hayrullah+Fi%C5%9Fek p. 307.] {{in lang|tr}} Undersecretary for the Ministry of National Defence).
Life
Hayrullah Fişek, born to an ethnic Albanian family in Kalkandelen (now Tetovo, North Macedonia), was a senior officer in the Ottoman Army. Hayrullah was given the name Fişek, meaning cartridge in Turkish. Hayrullah Fişek was a direct descendant of Süleyman Aga "Fişekçi" (born around 1775 in Kalkandelen), the founder of the Fişek family of Albanian descent.
His parents were Hafiz Süleyman Efendi (1849 Kalkandelen – 1894 Balıkesir), a Land Registry Officer and Fatma Hanko (1847 Kalkandelen –1930 Istanbul), Sheikh Mustafa Ruhi Efendi's daughter.{{cite book|title=Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d'une nation |author=Nathalie Clayer|date=January 2007|publisher=KARTHALA Editions |isbn=9782845868168|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umotBF3KFWgC&q=mustafa+Efendi|accessdate=21 February 2011|language = French}} He was of Albanian descent.
=Military career=
He entered the Ottoman Military College in 1901. He completed the Military Academy as the seventh of the class in 1904 (1320-P.7) and joined the Ottoman military as an Infantry Second Lieutenant (Mülazım-ı Sani). In 1906, he entered the Staff College and he graduated as a Distinguished Captain (Mümtaz Yüzbaşı).Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı, Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yılı, İstanbul, 1968, p. 37. {{in lang|tr}}
During the Turkish Independence War, he participated in the Battle of Sakarya as the chief of staff of the Provisional Corps (Mürettep Kolordu)Sabahattin Özel, Kocaeli ve Sakarya İllerinde Millî Mücadele (1919-1922), Adapazarı Belediyesi, 1987, p. 165. {{in lang|tr}} and he served as the chief of staff of XIV Corps, Kocaeli Group, III Corps with the rank of staff lieutenant colonel.{{cite web|url=http://www.zafer.aku.edu.tr/komutan1.htm |title=Kocatepe Zafer Yürüyüşü-Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe Üniversitesi |accessdate=October 10, 2009 |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526133250/http://www.zafer.aku.edu.tr/komutan1.htm |archivedate=May 26, 2007 }}, Afyon Kocatepe University He also participated in battle at Balıkesir, Soma and Bandırma. He retired in 1946.Nusret Baycan, "Türk İstiklâl Harbinde Terfi veya Takdirname ile Taltif Edilen Subaylar", (Gnkur. ATASE Başkanlığı Arşivi, Dosya No. 2, 1320-P.3 : 1325-P.1587) [http://www.atam.gov.tr/templates/resimler/File/Belgeler/dergi/s25baycan.pdf p. 25.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002215350/http://www.atam.gov.tr/templates/resimler/File/Belgeler/dergi/s25baycan.pdf |date=2011-10-02 }}
=Family=
He had one sister named Hatice (1873–1902) and 3 brothers : Abdülhâmit Bey (1866–1917), a Finance officer, Nuri Bey (1878–1945), and Zekeriya Bey (1880–1932), both officers of the Turkish Army.
Hayrullah married Mukaddes Fişek (1891–1958) and they had two sons: Nusret Fişek M.D. (1914–1990), Undersecretary, Ministry of Health and Hicri Fişek (1918–2002), Professor of International Law.
Photos
Image:Hayrullah Fisek 1912.jpg|Hayrullah, 1917 (31 years old)[http://hayrullah.fisek.net/fotograflar/ Fisek Family Web Site]
Image:Battle of Sakarya 1921.jpg|Battle of Sakarya, 10 September 1921. Duatepe, Polatli, observation hill. Fevzi Çakmak, Kazım Özalp, Mustafa Kemal, İsmet İnönü and Hayrullah Fişek
Image:Ataturk Hayrullah Fisek.jpg|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk greeting General Hayrullah Fişek, Ankara Railway station, mid-1930s
Image:Nusret Hayrullah Hicri Fisek.jpg|Hayrullah with his two sons Nusret Fişek and Hicri Fişek, Edirne, 1933
Image:Hayrullah Fisek 1935.jpg|Hayrullah Pasha in 1935, Tekirdağ
References
External links
- [http://hayrullah.fisek.net/ Hayrullah Fisek Family Web Site]
- [http://www.fisek.org.tr/ Fisek Institute]
- [http://www.fisek.org.tr/dosyalar/Hayrullah_Fisek.pdf Biography of (in Turkish)]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fisek, Hayrullah}}
Category:Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Category:Ottoman Military College alumni
Category:Ottoman Army officers
Category:Ottoman military personnel of World War I
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie
Category:Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Category:Recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red Ribbon (Turkey)