Heidelberg University shooting

{{Infobox civilian attack

| title = Heidelberg University shooting

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| image = File:Neuenheimer Feld.JPG

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| caption = Mensa at Campus of Heidelberg University in Neuenheimer Feld

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| location = Heidelberg University, Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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| coordinates = {{coord|49|25|00|N|8|40|12|E|region:DE-BW_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline;title}}

| date = 24 January 2022

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| type = Mass shooting, school shooting, murder-suicide

| fatalities = 2 (including the perpetrator)

| injuries = 3

| victims =

| perpetrators = Nikolai G.

| assailants =

| weapons = * Akkar Churchill 512 12 gauge double-barreled shotgun

Chiappa Firearms Model 1892 Alaskan lever action rifle

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| motive = Unknown (suspected "revenge for humiliation")

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The Heidelberg University shooting occurred on 24 January 2022, when an 18-year-old male student, Nikolai G., opened fire on a crowd during an ongoing lecture in Heidelberg University in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, killing one student and injuring three others. The shooter then fled the scene and later committed suicide by shooting himself.

The police arrived at the scene shortly after the attack, and launched an investigation. The gunman's motives are reported to be unclear. Several public figures and organizations expressed their condolences and offered support to the affected students and their families. It was the first school shooting in Germany that resulted in fatalities since the Winnenden school shooting in March 2009.

Background

Germany has some of the strictest gun laws in Europe, and school shootings are rare. Anyone under 25 is required to pass a psychological evaluation before getting a gun licence.{{Cite news|date=2022-01-24|title=Heidelberg shooting: One dead in gun attack on German students|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60111141|access-date=2022-01-25}} The last school shooting in Germany that resulted in fatalities before the attack was the Winnenden school shooting in March 2009.

The university had initially opted to educate students virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, but it resumed in-person learning in October 2021.{{Cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Student opens fire at German university, killing one|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220124-student-opens-fire-at-german-university-killing-one|access-date=2022-01-24 |website=France 24|language=en}} The tutorial was split into small groups of about 30 students.

Shooting

File:HeidelbergUniCampusNeuenheimerFeld2020-07-22-13-08-03.jpg"]]

The incident happened on Neuenheimer Feld, in the campus housing the medical faculty and natural science faculties of Heidelberg University, which is located in the town of the same name in southwestern Germany.{{Cite web |title=Mutmaßlicher Amoklauf auf Uni-Gelände in Heidelberg: Was wir wissen - und was nicht |trans-title=Suspected killing spree on university grounds in Heidelberg: what we know - and what we don't |url=https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/mannheim/polizei-einsatz-heidelberg-neuenheim-100.html |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=SWR.de |language=de |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415005652/https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/mannheim/polizei-einsatz-heidelberg-neuenheim-100.html |url-status=dead }} The campus at Neuenheimer Feld, north of the Neckar, is mainly home to the natural science faculties and properties of the university hospital.{{Cite web|last1=Stroh |first1=Kassian|last2=Saul|first2=Philipp|last3=Scharfenberg|first3=Nadeschda|last4=Diesteldorf|first4=Jan|last5=Auel|first5=Juri|title=Heidelberg: Mutmaßlicher Amokläufer erschießt Studentin auf Uni-Campus|trans-title=Heidelberg: Suspected gunman shoots student on university campus|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/heidelberg-universitaet-uni-amok-1.5514088|access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Süddeutsche.de|date=24 January 2022 |language=de}}

The 18-year-old gunman reportedly sent a text message on WhatsApp to his father{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/ermittler-ueber-amoklauf-in-heidelberg-a-9d29aaea-b71b-4d1e-9a69-fce3944032c3 |title=Heidelberg: Ermittler über Amoklauf an der Universität|date=2022-01-24|language=de|trans-title=Heidelberg: Investigators swarm university|access-date=2022-01-24|format=video|issn=2195-1349|website=Spiegel.de}} directly before the shooting, claiming "people have to be punished now" and demanding a burial at sea. He entered a lecture hall located in INF 360 building at the campus, carrying a double-barreled shotgun (Akkar Churchill 512, 12 gauge) and a lever action rifle{{Cite web|title=Germany: 1 killed, 3 injured in shooting at Heidelberg University 24.01.2022 |website=Dw.com |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-1-killed-3-injured-in-shooting-at-heidelberg-university/a-60537385|language=en-GB |access-date=2022-01-24}} (Chiappa Firearms Model 1892 Alaskan{{Cite web|last1=Aktuell|first1=S. W. R.|title=Mutmaßlicher Amoklauf in Heidelberg: Was wir über die Waffen wissen|url=https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/details-zu-den-waffen-des-heidelberger-taeters-100.html|access-date=2022-01-29|website=swr.online|date=28 January 2022 |language=de}}), and opened fire with the shotgun on the crowd of 30 freshman students, who were participating in an ongoing organic chemistry class.{{Cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Scholz: 'Dismay' over fatal shooting at German university |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/scholz-dismay-over-fatal-shooting-at-german-university-1.5751967|access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Ctvnews.ca|language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Junge Frau stirbt nach Amoklauf in Heidelberg |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/angriff-heidelberg-103.html|access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Tagesschau.de |language=de |trans-title=Young woman dies after killing spree in Heidelberg}} Authorities reported the shooter fired shots across the amphitheatre "wildly".{{Cite news|date=2022-01-24|title=Heidelberg shooting: One dead in gun attack on German students |language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60111141|access-date=2022-01-24}}

He carried a backpack that contained 150 rounds of ammunition.{{Cite web |trans-title=Public Prosecutor's Office: Perpetrators from Heidelberg bought weapons in Austria, motive still unclear |last1=Aktuell|first1=S. W. R.|title=Staatsanwaltschaft: Täter von Heidelberg kaufte Waffen in Österreich, Motiv weiter unklar |url=https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/mannheim/staatsanwaltschaft-heidelberger-taeter-kaufte-waffen-in-oesterreich-motiv-weiter-unklar-100.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=swr.online|date=26 January 2022 |language=de}} The shooter fled the scene and was later found dead in the area of the Botanical Garden nearby; his death was ruled by investigators to be a suicide.{{Cite web|last1=Halasz|first1=Stephanie |first2=Nina |last2=Avramova |title=Four injured, gunman dead, after shooting at Heidelberg University in Germany |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/24/europe/germany-shooting-heidelberg-intl/index.html|access-date=2022-01-24|website=CNN.Com|date=24 January 2022 }}

Police in Heidelberg said they had received seven calls within 43 seconds at 12:24 p.m., reporting the incident. At 12:30 p.m., three patrol crews were at the university. The police quickly ruled out other perpetrators.

Victims

The shooter injured four people, including a 23-year old{{Cite news|last1=Carrel|first1=Paul|last2=Szymanska|first2=Zuzanna|date=2022-01-24|title=Student opens fire at German university, killing one|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-police-say-lone-heidelberg-gunman-is-dead-after-injuring-several-people-2022-01-24/|access-date=2022-01-25}} woman who was shot in the head{{Cite news|date=2022-01-24 |title=Heidelberg: Junge Frau erliegt nach Kopfschuss in Hörsaal ihren Verletzungen|trans-title=Heidelberg: Young woman succumbs to her injuries after being shot in the head in the lecture hall|language=de|work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/heidelberg-ein-opfer-erliegt-nach-schuessen-in-hoersaal-seinen-verletzungen-a-a085f811-eb64-483d-b216-157f0b9898dd|access-date=2022-01-24|issn=2195-1349}} and died shortly afterwards at hospital.{{Cite web|last1=Ash|first1=Sebastien|last2=Fitzpatrick |first2=Michelle |title=One killed, three seriously wounded in German campus shooting; gunman dead|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/several-wounded-in-shooting-at-german-university-gunman-dead/ |access-date=2022-01-24|website=Times of Israel|language=en-US}}{{cite news|last1=Oltermann|first1=Philip|date=24 January 2022|title=Gunman dead and several injured after shooting in Heidelberg|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/24/gunman-dead-and-several-injured-after-shooting-in-heidelberg|access-date=24 January 2022}} The other victims suffered minor injuries in the face, back, and legs. Two of the survivors were German women (the oldest being 21, the other 19 years old) while the third was a German man with Italian citizenship.{{Cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Student kills 1, wounds 3 in shooting at German university|url=https://apnews.com/article/heidelberg-germany-shooting-66b64ceda905b00968b862e5506a7299|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Associated Press|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Gunman dead after killing 1, injuring 3 at university in Germany|url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/24/a-gunman-is-dead-after-injuring-several-people-in-a-german-lecture-hall-say-police|access-date=2022-01-25|website=euronews|language=en}}

On 25 January it was announced that three injured people were healthy and discharged from the hospital.{{Cite web|last=tagesschau.de|title=Amoklauf in Heidelberg: Die Frage nach dem Warum|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/angriff-heidelberg-107.html|access-date=2022-01-26|website=tagesschau.de|language=de}} The funeral of the killed woman is planned to be held on the upcoming Monday in Heidelberg's St. Peter's Church.{{Update inline|date=February 2022}}

Investigation

Police have launched an operation investigating the shooting, warning students not to go near the area where the shooting happened.{{Cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Gunman killed and several injured in shooting at German university |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/heidelberg-shooting-germany-university-gunman-b1999426.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/heidelberg-shooting-germany-university-gunman-b1999426.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-24|website=The Independent|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Several wounded in shooting at Germany's Heidelberg University|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/24/several-wounded-in-shooting-at-germanys-heidelberg-university |access-date=2022-01-24|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}} Sniffer dogs patrolled the university grounds as the policemen carried out the operation. Over 400 police officers were involved in the investigation. Officers were spotted examining two firearms and a beige bag found in the nearby Heidelberg University Botanical Garden close to the scene.{{Cite web|last=AP|date=2022-01-24|title=4 wounded in Heidelberg University shooting in Germany; gunman dead|url=https://abc7ny.com/germany-heidelberg-shooting-university-neuenheimer-feld/11504273/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=ABC7 New York|language=en|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124234653/https://abc7ny.com/germany-heidelberg-shooting-university-neuenheimer-feld/11504273/|url-status=dead}} This was later confirmed by local authorities. On 25 January it was announced that a team composed of 32 investigators named "Botanik" were investigating the origin of the weapons and the suspect's motive under the directions of Heidelberg's public prosecutor's office.{{Cite news|last=Jansen|first=Frank|date=2022-01-26|title=Amoklauf an Heidelberger Uni – Täter womöglich Neonazi|language=de-DE|work=Der Tagesspiegel Online|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/toedlicher-angriff-im-hoersaal-amoklauf-an-heidelberger-uni-taeter-womoeglich-neonazi/28002632.html|access-date=2022-01-26|issn=1865-2263}}

The firearms used in the shooting were said to have been obtained from Vienna, Austria.{{Cite web|last=Germany|first=Stuttgarter Zeitung, Stuttgart|title=Amoklauf in Heidelberg: 18-Jähriger kaufte Waffen in Österreich|url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.amoklauf-in-heidelberg-18-jaehriger-kaufte-waffen-in-oesterreich.37bf566f-94d5-4c32-800e-a70adbd4938a.html|access-date=2022-01-27|website=stuttgarter-zeitung.de|language=de}} Police found a receipt of the acquisition and are investigating which individual sold the weapons to the shooter. The perpetrator had no possession permit for weapons under German law.{{Cite news|date=2022-01-24|title=Heidelberg: Angreifer soll Waffen kurz zuvor im Ausland gekauft haben |trans-title=Heidelberg: The attacker is said to have bought weapons abroad shortly before |language=de|work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/heidelberg-angreifer-soll-waffen-kurz-zuvor-im-ausland-gekauft-haben-a-83dc993d-2b1b-4dff-9f41-1802c4abf59e|access-date=2022-01-25|issn=2195-1349}} The used type of weapons can be bought by adults without restrictions in Austria.{{Cite news|last=Naber|first=Ibrahim|date=2022-01-26|title=Tödlicher Angriff an Heidelberger Universität: Waffen aus Österreich|language=de|work=DIE WELT|url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article236493087/Toedlicher-Angriff-an-Heidelberger-Universitaet-Waffen-aus-Oesterreich.html|access-date=2022-01-31}}

The investigators were reportedly looking for evidence in the gunman's electronic devices to evaluate the possible motives of the attacker. Shortly after the attack the chief of Heidelberg's public prosecutor's office said it was too early to speculate on a possible motive for the gunman's actions.

Perpetrator

According to Mannheim Police Department president Siegfried Kollmar, the gunman, Nikolai G. {{Cite news|date=2022-01-25|title=Amoklauf von Heidelberg "Leute müssen bestraft werden" |trans-title=Heidelberg rampage: "People must be punished" |url=https://m.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/kriminalitaet/amoklauf-in-heidelberg-der-taeter-lebte-zurueckgezogen-17750719.html |access-date=2022-01-25|website=Faz.net |language=de|last1=Hinz |first1=Daniel |last2=Soldt |first2=Rüdiger }}{{Cite web|title=Schoss der Berliner Uni-Killer (18) der Studentin gezielt in den Kopf?|url=https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/schoss-der-berliner-uni-killer-18-der-studentin-gezielt-in-den-kopf |access-date=2022-01-26|website=Bz-berlin.de |date=25 January 2022 |trans-title=Did the Berlin university killer (18) shoot the student in the head?}} (2003 - January 24, 2022). was an 18-year-old male student originating from the Wilmersdorf borough of Berlin. He was residing in a small apartment in Mannheim, a city {{Convert|19|km|mi|abbr=out}} from Heidelberg.{{Cite news |last1=Hinz |first1=Daniel |last2=Soldt|first2=Rüdiger|title=Amoklauf von Heidelberg: "Leute müssen bestraft werden" |trans-title="Heidelberg rampage: "People must be punished"" |language=de |work=Faz.net |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/kriminalitaet/amoklauf-in-heidelberg-der-taeter-lebte-zurueckgezogen-17750719.html |access-date=2022-01-26|issn=0174-4909}} According to police reports the gunman was a German citizen with no previous criminal record, but was involved in a fight in 2017. Tagesspiegel reported that Nikolai G. and a friend beat a younger boy when he was 14 years old. The victim's mother contacted the police, but the legal proceedings were later dropped.{{Cite news |last=Jansen|first=Frank|date=2022-01-26|title=Amoklauf an Heidelberger Uni – Täter womöglich Neonazi|trans-title=Rampage at Heidelberg University – perpetrator possibly neo-Nazi|language=de-DE |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/toedlicher-angriff-im-hoersaal-amoklauf-an-heidelberger-uni-taeter-womoeglich-neonazi/28002632.html|access-date=2022-01-26|issn=1865-2263}} He was enrolled as a biology student and was considered healthy, but according to Süddeutsche Zeitung, there are indications of a past mental illness.{{Cite news|date=2022-01-24|title=Student killed as gunman opens fire at Germany's oldest university|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-25/heidelberg-university-shooting/100779194|access-date=2022-01-25}} The attacked lecture was part of his university curriculum, but he was part of a different lecture group.{{citation |periodical=Der Spiegel|title=Heidelberg: Angreifer soll Waffen kurz zuvor im Ausland gekauft haben |issn=2195-1349 |date=2022-01-24|language=German|url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/heidelberg-angreifer-soll-waffen-kurz-zuvor-im-ausland-gekauft-haben-a-83dc993d-2b1b-4dff-9f41-1802c4abf59e|trans-title=Heidelberg: attacker is said to have bought weapons abroad shortly before" |access-date=2022-01-24}}

According to the investigators his name was listed in an old internal document of the neo-Nazi party The III. Path.{{Cite news|title=Todesschütze von Heidelberg hatte zeitweilig Bezug zu Neonazipartei |first1=Christian |last1=Fuchs |first2=Astrid |last2=Geisler |first3=Yassin |last3=Musharbash |first4=Martín |last4=Steinhagen |date=26 January 2022 |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2022-01/heidelberg-angriff-taeter-neonazi-dritter-weg |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=Zeit.de|trans-title=Heidelberg gunman was temporarily related to the neo-Nazi party}}{{Cite news |last=Jansen|first=Frank|date=2022-01-26 |title=Amoklauf an Heidelberger Uni – Täter womöglich Neonazi|language=de-DE|work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/toedlicher-angriff-im-hoersaal-amoklauf-an-heidelberger-uni-taeter-womoeglich-neonazi/28002632.html |access-date=2022-01-26|issn=1865-2263}} On 26 January a speaker of Heidelberg's public prosecutor's office stated that although there are "clues" about Nikolai G.'s involvement with The III. Path, there were no evidence yet that the attack could have been politically motivated.{{Cite news|last=Jansen|first=Frank|date=2022-01-26|title=Amoklauf an Heidelberger Uni – Täter womöglich Neonazi|language=de-DE|work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/toedlicher-angriff-im-hoersaal-amoklauf-an-heidelberger-uni-taeter-womoeglich-neonazi/28002632.html |access-date=2022-01-26|issn=1865-2263}}

According to investigative results made public in March 2022, Nikolai G. was a "loner" who did not have any social relationships with fellow students. He also did not previously have any contact with the students present in the lecture hall, including the injured and killed ones. The investigators noted that an altercation with the students was therefore not Nikolai G.'s motive. In their view, the gunman wanted to take revenge for "perceived humiliation". This conclusion is based on the fact that he had been receiving psychiatric treatment since the age of 15. In the years before the shooting, he was diagnosed with Narcissistic personality disorder and twice hospitalized for suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts. According to his doctors, Nikolai G. had an extremely low self-esteem, was unable to accept criticism and easily offended.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title="Einzelgänger ohne soziale Bindungen" |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/uni-heidelberg-ermittler-geben-hintergruende-zum-tatmotiv-des-amoklaeufers-bekannt-a-1e8f4531-42a3-4c0a-b47d-15b6af7eb9a2 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Der Spiegel |language=de}}

Furthermore, a forensic psychiatrist ordered to investigate the case by the local District Attorney told reporters that the gunman's Narcissistic personality disorder was an "essential reason" for the shooting. He said that a key symptom of this disorder is a form of self-hatred, which in turn develops into hatred for "random" other people. The investigators therefore suspect that Nikolai G. felt "extremely humiliated" and "fundamentally misunderstood" for no particular reason during his first term at Heidelberg University, which could have been a motive for the shooting.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=Amoklauf an Heidelberger Uni: Schütze fühlte sich offenbar gekränkt |url=https://www.rnd.de/panorama/amoklauf-an-uni-heidelberg-schuetze-fuehlte-sich-offenbar-gekraenkt-MXL2FPOFBYE36BZTWVCTZZGQG4.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=RedaktionsNetzwerk Deutschland |language=de}}{{Cite web |last=Wein |first=Eberhard |date=2022-03-17 |title=Polizei legt Abschlussbericht vor – Täter psychisch krank |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.amoktat-von-heidelberg-der-taeter-war-ein-einsamer-egoshooter.a71f0b3c-0f19-451c-ada6-20da05331df6.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Stuttgarter Nachrichten |language=de}} Nevertheless, they also announced that Nikolai G.'s motive could not be "undoubtedly determined".{{Cite web |last=Riemer |first=Sebastian |date=2022-03-17 |title=Ermittlungen vor dem Abschluss - 18-Jähriger war Einzelgänger ohne soziale Bindungen (Update) |url=https://www.rnz.de/nachrichten/heidelberg_artikel,-amoklauf-in-heidelberg-ermittlungen-vor-dem-abschluss-18-jaehriger-war-einzelgaenger-ohne-soziale-bi-_arid,809542.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung}}

Reactions

The shooting was condemned by German chancellor Olaf Scholz, who described the news as "tear[ing his] heart apart." The minister-president of Baden-Württemberg Winfried Kretschmann and Thomas Strobl, the Minister of Interior of Baden-Württemberg shared their condolences with the victims and their families and thanked the police force for their work. Baden-Württemberg's Minister of Science Theresia Bauer visited the shooting site and met with the university rector Bernhard Eitel. State Minister of Education, Science and Culture of Schleswig-Holstein Karin Prien described the incident as "shattering".

Heidelberg student union president Peter Abelmann said the students are "infinitely shocked. This is a disaster beyond anything you can imagine between lectures, exams and campus life".{{Cite news|last1=Nilsson|first1=Maja|date=2022-01-24 |title=Skjutning på universitet i Tyskland – minst en person dödad|trans-title=University shooting in Germany - at least one person killed|language=sv|work=SVT Nyheter|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/flera-skadade-efter-skjutning-pa-universitet-i-tyskland|access-date=2022-01-24}} The school offered psychological support services for the students.{{Cite web|date=2022-01-25|title=University offers support after Heidelberg shooting|url=https://researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-europe-germany-2022-1-university-offers-support-after-heidelberg-shooting/|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Research Professional News|language=en-GB}}

A week after the shooting, a memorial service was held in honour of the victim at the university church (Peterskirche). The service was broadcast by SWR and shown in various buildings across the campus. At 12:24, exactly one week after the shooting there was a minute's silence across the entire city, with people gathering in the University Square and in front of the central Mensa, where candles and flowers had been placed.

Misinformation

The incident was used by people in a targeted manner to exploit the crime for their own ends. Anonymous users have slandered a YouTuber as the alleged perpetrator of the shooting, whom they alleged wanted to avenge the suffering of animals. The incident was given by tagesschau.de as an example of fake news after the shooting.{{Cite web |title=Nach Angriff in Heidelberg: Der angebliche "Veganshooter" |trans-title=After the attack in Heidelberg: The alleged "vegan shooter" |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/faktenfinder/heidelberg-fakenews-101.html |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=Tagesschau.de |language=de}}