Heinrich Martin Weber
{{Short description|German mathematician}}
{{Distinguish|Heinrich Friedrich Weber}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Heinrich Martin Weber
|image = ETH-BIB-Weber, Heinrich (1842-1913)-Portrait-Portr 09008.tif (cropped).jpg
|image_size = 180px
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1842|03|5}}
|birth_place = Heidelberg, Germany
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1913|5|17|1842|03|5}}
|death_place = Strasbourg, Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = German
|field = Mathematics
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = University of Erlangen
University of Heidelberg
|doctoral_advisor = Otto Hesse
|doctoral_students = Heinrich Brandt
E. V. Huntington
Louis Karpinski
Friedrich Levi
|known_for = Abstract algebra
Class field theory
Group theory
Number theory
Weber functions
Weber vector
Weber modular function
Weber's theorem
Kronecker–Weber theorem
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes = ICM Speaker (1897)
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
Heinrich Martin Weber (5 March 1842, Heidelberg, Germany – 17 May 1913, Straßburg, Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire, now Strasbourg, France) was a German mathematician.{{cite journal|author=Archibald, R. C.|author-link=Raymond Clare Archibald|title=Review: Festschrift Heinrich Weber zu seinem siebzigsten Geburtstag am 5 März 1912|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1913|volume=20|issue=3|pages=152–155|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1913-20-03/S0002-9904-1913-02453-4/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1913-02453-4|doi-access=free}} Weber's main work was in algebra, number theory, and analysis. He is best known for his text Lehrbuch der Algebra published in 1895 and much of it is his original research in algebra and number theory. His work Theorie der algebraischen Functionen einer Veränderlichen (with Dedekind) established an algebraic foundation for Riemann surfaces, allowing a purely algebraic formulation of the Riemann–Roch theorem. Weber's research papers were numerous, most of them appearing in Crelle's Journal or Mathematische Annalen. He was the editor of Riemann's collected works.
Weber was born in Heidelberg, Baden, and entered the University of Heidelberg in 1860. In 1866 he became a privatdozent, and in 1869 he was appointed as extraordinary professor at that school. Weber also taught in Zürich at the Federal Polytechnic Institute (today the ETH Zurich), at the University of Königsberg, and at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (today Technische Universität Berlin). His final post was at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Universität Straßburg, Alsace-Lorraine, where he died.
In 1893 in Chicago, his paper Zur Theorie der ganzzahligen algebraischen Gleichungen was read (but not by him) at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition.{{cite book|chapter=Zur Theorie der ganzzahlingen algebraischen Gleichungen by Heinrich Martin Weber|title=Mathematical papers read at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition|series=Papers published by the American Mathematical Society, v. I |year=1896|pages=401–407|location=NY|publisher=Macmillan as publisher for the AMS|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3841648;view=1up;seq=423}} In 1895 and in 1904 he was president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. His doctoral students include Heinrich Brandt, E. V. Huntington, Louis Karpinski, and Friedrich Levi.
Publications
- with Richard Dedekind: [http://www.digizeitschriften.de/resolveppn/GDZPPN002158280 Theorie der algebraischen Functionen einer Veränderlichen.] J. Reine Angew. Math. 92 (1882) 181–290
- [https://archive.org/details/ellipfuncundalg00weberich Elliptische Functionen und algebraische Zahlen]. Braunschweig 1891
- Encyklopädie der Elementar-Mathematik. Ein Handbuch für Lehrer und Studierende. Leipzig 1903/07, ([https://archive.org/details/encyklomentmatik01weberich Vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/encyklomentmatik02weberich Vol. 2], [https://archive.org/details/encyklomentmatik03weberich Vol. 3]) (in German)
- with Bernhard Riemann (i.e. partly based on Riemann's lectures): [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ACR0659.0001.001 Die partiellen Differential-Gleichungen der mathematischen Physik]. Braunschweig 1900-01{{cite journal|author=Ames, J. S.|title=Riemann–Weber: Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1901|volume=8|issue=2|pages=81–85|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1901-08-02/S0002-9904-1901-00858-0?|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1901-00858-0|doi-access=free}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192225/http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=toc&no_cache=1&IDDOC=40054 Lehrbuch der Algebra]. Braunschweig 1924, ed. Robert Fricke
- {{Citation | last1=Weber | first1=Heinrich Martin | author1-link=Heinrich Martin Weber | title=Lehrbuch der Algebra | orig-year=1895 | url=https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderalgeb01weberich | publisher=AMS Chelsea Publishing | location=New York | language=de | edition=3rd | isbn=978-0-8218-3258-5 | year=1981 | volume=1}}
- {{Citation | last1=Weber | first1=Heinrich Martin | author1-link=Heinrich Martin Weber | title=Lehrbuch der Algebra | orig-year=1895 | url=https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderalgeb02weberich | publisher=AMS Chelsea Publishing | location=New York | language=de | edition=3rd | isbn=978-0-8218-2647-8 | year=1981 | volume=2}}
- {{Citation | last1=Weber | first1=Heinrich Martin | author1-link=Heinrich Martin Weber | title=Lehrbuch der Algebra | orig-year=1898 | url=https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderalgeb03webeuoft | publisher=AMS Chelsea Publishing | location=New York | language=de | edition=3rd | isbn=978-0-8218-2971-4 | year=1981 | volume=3}} The third volume is an expanded version of his earlier book "Elliptische Functionen und algebraische Zahlen".
References
{{reflist}}
- {{MacTutor Biography|id=Weber_Heinrich}}
- {{Citation | last1=Schappacher | first1=Norbert | title=Matériaux pour l'histoire des mathématiques au XXe siècle (Nice, 1996) | chapter-url=http://www.emis.de/journals/SC/1998/3/html/smf_sem-cong_3_243-273.html | publisher=Société Mathématique de France | location=Paris | series=Sémin. Congr. | isbn=978-2-85629-065-1 |mr=1640262 | year=1998 | volume=3 | chapter=On the history of Hilbert's twelfth problem: a comedy of errors | pages=243–273}}
- {{Citation | last1=Voss | first1=A. | title=Heinrich Weber. | url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN37721857X_0023 | language=de | year=1914 | journal=Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung | issn=0012-0456 | volume=23 | pages= 431–444 }}
- {{MathGenealogy |id=16915}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weber, Heinrich}}
Category:19th-century German mathematicians
Category:20th-century German mathematicians
Category:German number theorists
Category:Scientists from Heidelberg
Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
Category:Heidelberg University alumni
Category:Academic staff of Heidelberg University
Category:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
Category:Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
Category:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Category:Heads of universities in Germany
Category:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Category:Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala