Heinz Christian Pander
{{Short description|Baltic German geologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Heinz Christian Pander
| image = Heinz Christian Pander00.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Heinz Christian Pander
| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|24 July|1794|13}}
| birth_place = Riga, Livonia Governorate, Russian Empire
| death_date = {{OldStyleDate|22 September|1865|10}} (aged 71)
| death_place = Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = Baltic German
| fields = Biology
Embryology
Paleontology
| author_abbrev_bot = Pander
}}
Heinz Christian Pander, also Christian Heinrich Pander (Russian: Христиан Иванович Пандер; {{OldStyleDate|24 July|1794|13}} – {{OldStyleDate|22 September|1865|10}}) was a Russian biologist and embryologist of Baltic German origin.
Biography
In 1817 he received his doctorate from the University of Würzburg, and spent several years (1827–1842), performing scientific research from his estate in Carnikava ({{langx|de|Zarnikau}}){{cite journal | last1 = Godwin-Austen | first1 = H. | doi = 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1866.022.01-02.08 | title = On the Carboniferous Rocks of the Valley of Kashmere: with Notes on the Brachiopoda collected by Capt. Godwin-Austen in Thibet and Kashmere, by T. Davidson, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S | journal = Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society | year = 1866 | volume = 22 | issue = 1–2 | pages=i–639 [37] | s2cid = 129858073 }} on the banks of the Gauja River near Riga. In 1820 he took part in a scientific expedition to Bokhara as a naturalist. In 1826 he became a member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Research
Pander studied the chick embryo and discovered the germ layers (i.e., three distinct regions of the embryo that give rise to the specific organ system). Because of these findings, he is considered by many to be the "founder of embryology". His work in embryology was continued by Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), who expanded Pander's concept of germ layers to include all vertebrates.
Pander performed important studies in the field of paleontology, being known for his extensive research on fossils found in the Devonian and Silurian geological strata of the Baltic regions.{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRBLAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pander+Devonian+Baltic&pg=PA275 | title=Hardwicke's Science-gossip: An Illustrated Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students and Lovers of Nature | last1=Cooke | first1=Mordecai Cubitt | last2=Taylor | first2=John Eller | date=1877 }}{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30056305 | jstor=30056305 | last1=Robertson | first1=George M. | title=The Status of Cephalaspis Schrenckii Pander from the Upper Silurian of Oesel | journal=The Journal of Geology | date=1939 | volume=47 | issue=6 | pages=649–657 | doi=10.1086/624818 | bibcode=1939JG.....47..649R | url-access=subscription }} His study of trilobites from this age led to the adjective 'Panderian', first used by the Canadian palaeontologist, Elkanah Billings.{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ePVjAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA292 | title = Geological magazine | last1 = Woodward | first1 = Henry | year = 1870}} Pander is credited as the first scientist to describe primitive creatures known as conodonts.[http://mdevonlife.blogspot.com/2012/11/hc-pander-and-strange-concodonts.html Devonian Life and Evolution] H.C. Pander and strange Conodonts[http://eps.mq.edu.au/courses/GEOS394/downloads/lectures/conodont_lecture.pdf GEOS394 Conodont Lecture]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Today the Pander Society is an international association of palaeontologists and stratigraphers with a common interest in the study of conodonts.{{Cite web |url=http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/conodont/pander/ |title=The Pander Society |access-date=2013-06-15 |archive-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530095504/http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/conodont/pander/ |url-status=dead }}
He died in Saint Petersburg.
Eponyms
Pander's eponyms are:
Selected writings
- Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des Hühnchens im Eye, (Contributions to the embryology involving the chick egg), (1817).
- Beiträge zur Naturkunde aus den Ostseeprovinzen Rußlands, (Contributions on the natural history of the Baltic regions) Dorpat, (1820).
- Vergleichende Osteologie (Comparative osteology) seven volumes, with Eduard Joseph d'Alton, Bonn: Weber, (1821–1828).
- Beiträge zur geognosie des russischen reiches, (Contributions to the geology of the Russian Empire), 1830.
- Monographie der Fossilen Fische des silurischen Systems der Russisch-Baltischen Gouvernements (Monograph of fossil fish from the Silurian stratum of the Baltic regions), St. Petersburg, (1856).
- Ueber die Placodermen des devonischen Systems, (On placoderms of the Devonian system), 1857.
- Über die ctenodopterinen des devonischen systems, 1858
- Über die saurodipterinen, dendrodonten, glyptolepiden und cheirolepiden des devonischen systems, 1860.[http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?search-author-txt=%22Pander%2C+Christian+Heinrich.%22 OCLC Classify] (publications)
See also
References
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926233529/http://8e.devbio.com/article.php?id=110&search=Pander Gilbert, Developmental biology]
- [http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=424 Latvian Technical and Scientific Achievements]
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Category:People from Riga county
Category:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
Category:Paleontologists from the Russian Empire
Category:Explorers from the Russian Empire
Category:Biologists from the Russian Empire
Category:Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences