Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Mosque
{{Short description|Mosque in Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Mosque
| native_name = Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa Camii
| native_name_lang = tr
| image = Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque complex DSCF7231.jpg
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| religious_affiliation = Islam
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| municipality = Fatih, Istanbul
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| country = Turkey
| map_type = Turkey Istanbul
| map_size = 220px
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| coordinates = {{coord|41|0|22.17|N|28|56|5.90|E|region:TR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
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| architect = Çuhadar Ömer Ağa, Hacı Mustafa Ağa
| architecture_type = mosque
| architecture_style = Classical Ottoman
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| established = 1735
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The Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Mosque ({{langx|tr|Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa Camii}}) is a mosque in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned by Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, who served as grand vizier multiple times from the 1730s to 1750s.{{Cite book |last=Somel |first=Selcuk Aksin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UU8iCY0OZmcC&dq=hekimoglu+ali+pasha&pg=PR80 |title=The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4617-3176-4 |pages=lxxx-lxxxi |language=en}} The mosque was completed in 1734–1735.{{Sfn|Rüstem|2019|p=104}}{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376-377}} It is part of a larger külliye (charitable religious complex) with multiple components, including the founder's tomb. The architects of mosque are Çuhadar Ömer Ağa and Hacı Mustafa Ağa.{{Cite web |last=Çobanoğlu |first=Ahmet Vefa |date=1998 |title=HEKİMOĞLU ALİ PAŞA KÜLLİYESİ |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hekimoglu-ali-pasa-kulliyesi |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}
Architecture
The mosque complex was built during a transitional period in Ottoman architecture. It is the last major monument of the Classical Ottoman style, marking the end of the Tulip Period stage before the rise of the Ottoman Baroque style in the 1740s.{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376}}{{Sfn|Kuban|2010|p=524}}{{Sfn|Rüstem|2019|p=104}} As a result, it has a largely Classical layout, emulating 16th-century mosques, but also displays elements of the newer trends at the time.{{Sfn|Rüstem|2019|p=104}}{{Sfn|Sumner-Boyd|Freely|2010|p=324-325}} It is the last Classical-style mosque to employ the hexagonal baldaquin design, meaning that the central dome is supported by six main pillars arranged in a hexagonal layout around the mosque.{{Sfn|Kuban|2010|p=524}}
The mosque forms part of a külliye complex that consists of a khanqah, a türbe (tomb), a shadirvan, a library, a sebil, and a primary school.{{Cite web|url=http://howtoistanbul.com/en/the-hekimoglu-ali-pasa-mosque/2683|title=About Hekimoghlu Ali Pasha Mosque}} It is the last major monument of the Tulip Period stage in Ottoman architecture and the last representative of the "classical" Ottoman style.{{Sfn|Kuban|2010|p=524}}{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376-377}} The mosque reflects an overall classical form and is very similar to the nearby Cerrah Pasha Mosque (late 16th century), but the flexible placement of the various components of the complex around a garden enclosure is more reflective of the new changes in tastes.{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376-377}}{{Sfn|Kuban|2010|p=524}} For example, the main gate of the complex is topped by a library, a feature which would have been unusual in earlier periods.{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376-377}} It also has a very ornate sebil positioned at the street corner, next to the founder's tomb.{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376-377}}
The mosque is the last to employ an "hexagonal baldaquin" design, meaning that the main dome is supported by six pillars or buttresses arranged in a hexagon formation, with semi-domes occupying the spaces between the pillars.{{Sfn|Kuban|2010|p=524}} The interior of the mosque is light and decorated with tiles from the Tekfursaray kilns, which were of lesser quality than those of the earlier Iznik period.{{Sfn|Carswell|2006|p=114}} One group of tiles is painted with an illustration of the Great Mosque of Mecca, a decorative feature of which there were multiple examples in this period.{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971|pp=376-377}}
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 1324.jpg|Front portico of the mosque
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 0986.jpg|Main entrance portal of the mosque
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 1340.jpg|Interior of the mosque
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 0982.jpg|Main dome of the mosque
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque complex DSCF7120.jpg|View of the mosque's mihrab (center) and the sultan's loge (upper left)
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque complex DSCF7139.jpg|Detail of the mosque's minbar
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 1144.jpg|Tekfursaray tile decoration including depiction of Mecca
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 0978.jpg|Cemetery inside the mosque enclosure
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque 9985.jpg|Interior of the tomb
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque complex DSCF7061.jpg|Sebil and eastern entrance of the complex
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque complex DSCF7066.jpg|Detail of the sebil's Tulip Period-style decoration
File:Hekimoglu Ali Pasha Mosque complex DSCF7094.jpg|Main north gate of the complex, with library chamber built above it
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book|last=Carswell|first=John|title=Iznik Pottery|publisher=British Museum Press|year=2006|isbn=9780714124414|edition=Second}}
- {{Cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Godfrey|title=A History of Ottoman Architecture|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=1971|isbn=0-500-27429-0}}
- {{Cite book|last=Kuban|first=Doğan|title=Ottoman Architecture|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club|year=2010|isbn=9781851496044|translator-last=Mill|translator-first=Adair}}
- {{Cite book|last=Rüstem|first=Ünver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_p0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR1|title=Ottoman Baroque: The Architectural Refashioning of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2019|isbn=9780691181875}}
- {{Cite book |last1=Sumner-Boyd |first1=Hilary |title=Strolling Through Istanbul: The Classic Guide to the City |last2=Freely |first2=John |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks |year=2010 |edition=Revised}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/hekim Large collection of pictures of this mosque]
Category:Ottoman mosques in Istanbul
Category:Mosques completed in the 1730s
Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1735