Hel Braun
{{Short description|German mathematician (1914–1986)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix = Professor
|name = Helene (Hel) Braun
|image = Helene_Braun.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Hel Braun at the University of Marburg in 1941.
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|6|3|df=yes}}
|birth_place = Frankfurt
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|5|15|1914|6|3|df=yes}}
|death_place = Göttingen
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = German
|ethnicity =
|field = number theory, modular forms
|work_institutions = University of Göttingen, University of Hamburg
|education = University of Marburg
|doctoral_advisor = Carl Ludwig Siegel, Georg Aumann
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Proving the convergence of the Eisenstein series
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
Helene (Hel) Braun (June 3, 1914 – May 15, 1986) was a German mathematician who specialized in number theory and modular forms.{{citation
| last = Strade | first = H.
| issue = 4
| journal = Mitteilungen der Mathematischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg
| mr = 914073
| pages = 373–376
| title = Hel Braun: 1914–1986
| volume = 11
| year = 1987}}{{citation
| last = Pieper-Seier | first = Irene
| journal = Mitteilungen der Mathematischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg
| language = German
| mr = 1616771
| pages = 25–38
| title = Zwei erfolgreiche Frauen in der Mathematik: Ruth Moufang (1905–1977) und Hel Braun (1914–1986)
| trans-title = Two successful women in mathematics: Ruth Moufang (1905–1977) and Hel Braun (1914–1986)
| volume = 16
| year = 1997}} Her autobiography, The Beginning of A Scientific Career, described her experience as a female scientist working in a male-dominated field at the time, in the Third Reich.
She is known for proving the convergence of the Eisenstein series.{{citation
| last = Terras | first = Audrey | authorlink = Audrey Terras
| doi = 10.1007/978-1-4939-3408-9
| edition = 2nd
| isbn = 978-1-4939-3406-5
| mr = 3496932
| page = 424
| publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = New York
| title = Harmonic analysis on symmetric spaces—higher rank spaces, positive definite matrix space and generalizations
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=00EWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA424
| year = 2016}}
Scientific career
Braun studied mathematics at the University of Marburg from 1933 to 1937. In 1937 she worked with Carl Ludwig Siegel in Frankfurt to study the decomposition of quadratic forms into sums of squares. Her dissertation, Über die Zerlegung quadratischer Formen in Quadrate, was also supervised by Georg Aumann.{{mathgenealogy|id=35907}} After completing that work, he took her on as a scientific assistant before she became a professor in her own right teaching the theory of Hermitian forms in 1940.
She became a lecturer at the University of Göttingen in 1941, becoming a full professor in 1947. From 1947 through 1948, she was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study.{{cite web|url=https://www.ias.edu/scholars/hel-braun|title=Hel Braun|website=Institute for Advanced Study|access-date=2018-03-04}}
In 1951, Braun moved and became a professor at the University of Hamburg where she supervised many doctoral students including Eberhard Becker, Manfred Knebusch and Karl Mathiak and while there worked with Emil Artin and other internationally acclaimed mathematicians.[https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=35907 Helene Braun at the Mathematics Genealogy Project]
Personal life
Braun never married, but in the 1960s while she was a professor at the University of Hamburg, she shared an apartment with Emil Artin, and their relationship was equivalent to marriage according to everyone who knew them.
After she retired in 1981, she lived the rest of her life in Hamburg.
Selected publications
A list of the publications by Hel Braun was published by Helmut Strade in the Communications of the Mathematical Society in Hamburg, Volume XI, Issue 4, 1987.
She wrote two books:
- {{citation
| last1 = Braun | first1 = Hel
| last2 = Koecher | first2 = Max
| isbn = 3-540-03522-2
| language = German
| location = Berlin
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| series = Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften in Einzeldarstellungen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anwendungsgebiete | volume = 128
| title = Jordan-Algebren
| trans-title = Jordan Algebras
| year = 1966}}Review of Jordan-Algebren: {{citation|title=none|first=C. M.|last=Glennie|journal=Mathematical Reviews|mr=0204470}}
- {{citation
| last = Braun | first = Hel
| doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-75427-2
| editor-last = Koecher | editor-first = Max
| isbn = 3-540-52166-6
| language = German
| location = Berlin
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| title = Eine Frau und die Mathematik 1933–1940: der Beginn einer wissenschaftlichen Laufbahn
| trans-title = A Woman and Mathematics 1933–1940: The beginning of a scientific career
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{commons category inline|Hel Braun (mathematician)}}
- [https://owpdb.mfo.de/person_detail?id=468 Photos of Hel Braun] in the Oberwolfach Photo Collection
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Braun, Hel}}
Category:20th-century German mathematicians
Category:German women mathematicians
Category:University of Marburg alumni