Helen Caldicott

{{Short description|Australian physician, author and anti-nuclear advocate (born 1938)}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Helen Caldicott

| image = Helen Caldicott, 2007 (cropped).jpg

| caption = Caldicott in 2007

| birth_name = Helen Mary Broinowski

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|8|7|df=yes}}

| birth_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

| death_date =

| death_place =

| occupation = Physician, activist

| spouse = William Caldicott

| children = Philip, Penny, William Jr

| website = http://www.helencaldicott.com/ – Helen Caldicott's official website

}}{{Scholia}}

Helen Mary Caldicott (born 7 August 1938) is an Australian physician, author, and anti-nuclear advocate. She founded several associations dedicated to opposing the use of nuclear power, depleted uranium munitions, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons proliferation, and military action in general.

Early life and education

Helen Caldicott was born on 7 August 1938, in Melbourne, Australia, the daughter of factory manager [Theo] Philip Broinowski and Mary Mona Enyd (Coffey) Broinowski, an interior designer. She attended public school, except for four years at Fintona Girls' School at Balwyn, a private secondary school. When she was 17, she enrolled at the University of Adelaide medical school and graduated in 1961 with a MBBS degree. In 1962, she married William Caldicott, a paediatric radiologist who has since worked with her in her campaigns. They have three children, Philip, Penny, and William Jr.{{Cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/59/Helen-Caldicott.html|title=Helen Caldicott Biography (1938-)|website=www.faqs.org}}{{dubious|date=February 2021}}

Caldicott and her husband moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1966 and she entered a three-year fellowship in nutrition at Harvard Medical School. Returning to Adelaide in 1969, she accepted a position in the renal unit of Queen Elizabeth Hospital. In the early 1970s, she completed a year's residency and a two-year internship in paediatrics at the Adelaide Children's Hospital to qualify as a paediatric physician so she could legitimately establish the first Australian clinic for cystic fibrosis at the Adelaide Children's Hospital. The clinic now has the best survival rates in Australia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} In 1977, she joined the staff of the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston as an instructor in paediatrics. She taught paediatrics at the Harvard Medical School from 1977 to 1980.

Anti-nuclear activism

=Early activity=

File:Dr. Helen Caldicott at the San Francisco Public Library.webm

Caldicott's interest in nuclear issues was sparked when she read the 1957 Nevil Shute book On the Beach, a novel about a nuclear holocaust set in Australia.{{Cite news|url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1608363/bio_piece_on_antinuclear_campaigner/|title = Pediatrician believes babies more susceptible to radiation|last = Dullea|first = Georgia|date = 2 June 1979|access-date = 20 January 2015|newspaper = The Index-Journal|location = Greenwood, South Carolina}}

In the 1970s, she gained prominence in Australia, New Zealand and North America, speaking on the health hazards of radiation from the perspective of paediatrics. Her early achievements included convincing Australia to sue France over its atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the Pacific in 1971 and 1972, which brought the practice to an end. She also informed Australian trade unions about the medical and military dangers of uranium mining, which led to the three-year banning of the mining and export of uranium.{{Cite web|url=http://www.helencaldicott.com/about/cv/ |title=CV – Helen Caldicott, M.D. |access-date=4 August 2017 |publisher=Helen Caldicott}}

After visiting the Soviet Union in 1979 with an AFSC delegation and upon learning the impending US deployment of cruise missiles (which would end arms control) and Pershing II missiles that could hit Moscow from Europe in 3 minutes,A Desperate Passion Caldicott left her medical career to concentrate on calling the world's attention to what she referred to as the "insanity" of the nuclear arms race and the growing reliance on nuclear power. In 1978 she reinvigorated Physicians for Social Responsibility. Over time she and others recruited 23,000 physicians to this organisation which, through wide educational efforts, taught the US public about the dire medical implications of both nuclear power and nuclear war. In 1985 this national organisation and many others, she founded around the world were awarded the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize. She was herself nominated for the Nobel Prize by Linus Pauling, himself a Nobel winner.

In 1980, she founded the Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament (WAND) in the United States, which was later renamed Women's Action for New Directions. It is a group dedicated to reducing or redirecting government spending away from nuclear energy and nuclear weapons towards what the group perceives as unmet social issues.{{cite web | url=http://www.wand.org/about/brief-history-of-wand/a-brief-history-by-sayre-sheldon/ | title=A Brief History of WAND | publisher=WAND Education Fund | author=Sheldon, Sayre | date=October 2004 | access-date=26 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727034229/http://www.wand.org/about/brief-history-of-wand/a-brief-history-by-sayre-sheldon/ | archive-date=27 July 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}

Caldicott stood as an independent candidate for the Australian House of Representatives at the 1990 federal election, contesting the Division of Richmond, against the Leader of the National Party, Charles Blunt. She polled 23.3% of the votes; not enough to win, but her preferences went mostly to the Labor candidate, Neville Newell, electing him and unseating Blunt.

In 2002 Caldicott released The New Nuclear Danger, a commentary on the George Bush military-industrial complex. The book was reviewed by Ivan Eland of The Independent Institute. He wrote, "She makes many cogent criticisms about current and prior administrations’ nuclear policies and the excesses of the government-dominated military-industrial complex associated with nuclear weapons, but her often valid points are undermined by other far-fetched or alarmist arguments, sloppy research, and haphazard footnoting."{{cite web |title=Book Review |url=https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=58 |website=Independent Institute |access-date=May 15, 2021}}

In 2008 Caldicott founded the Helen Caldicott Foundation for a Nuclear Free Future which, for over four years, produced a weekly radio commentary, "If You Love This Planet".{{cite web|url=http://ifyoulovethisplanet.org/?page_id=254|title=If You Love This Planet weekly radio program archives|access-date=6 May 2009}}

In April 2011, Caldicott was involved in a public argument in The Guardian with British journalist George Monbiot. Monbiot expressed great concern at what he saw as a failure by Caldicott to provide adequate justification for any of her arguments. Regarding Caldicott's book Nuclear Power is Not The Answer, he wrote: "The scarcity of references to scientific papers and the abundance of unsourced claims it contains amaze me."Monbiot G. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/georgemonbiot/2011/apr/13/anti-nuclear-lobby-interrogate-beliefs Nuclear opponents have a moral duty to get their facts straight]. The Guardian, 14 April 2011Monbiot G.[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/05/anti-nuclear-lobby-misled-world The unpalatable truth is that the anti-nuclear lobby has misled us all]. The Guardian, 5 April 2011 Caldicott claimed, "As we have seen, he and other nuclear industry apologists sow confusion about radiation risks and, in my view, in much the same way that the tobacco industry did in previous decades about the risks of smoking."Caldicott H. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/apr/11/nuclear-apologists-radiation How nuclear apologists mislead the world over radiation].The Guardian, 11 April 2011 Also in 2011, Caldicott made a written submission regarding the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station new build project in Canada in which she asserts that plutonium can cause cancer of the testicles after accumulation in these organs.https://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/48010/48010F.pdf Written Submission from Helen Caldicott, PMB 11-P1.108, Date 2011-02-17

In 2014, Physicians for Social Responsibility hosted a lecture on "Fukushima's Ongoing Impact" by Caldicott in Seattle, Washington.[http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/helen-caldicott-fukushimas.html Fukushima’s Ongoing Impact] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410172800/http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/helen-caldicott-fukushimas.html |date=10 April 2015 }}; Physicians for Social Responsibility; 28 September 2014

Honours and awards

Caldicott has been awarded 21 honorary doctoral degrees{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}. In 1982, she received the Humanist of the Year award from the American Humanist Association.{{Cite news |url=https://thestandard.org.nz/remedy-for-global-instability-a-public-lecture-by-dr-helen-caldicott/ |title=Remedy for Global Instability – a Public Lecture by Dr Helen Caldicott |date=12 November 2016}} In 1992, Caldicott received the 1992 Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston for her leadership in the worldwide disarmament movement. She was inducted to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women{{Cite web|url=https://herplacemuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2001-Honour-Roll-Booklet-2.pdf|title=Victorian Honour Roll of Women 2001}} in 2001. She was awarded the Lannan Foundation Prize for Cultural Freedom in 2003, and in 2006, the Peace Organisation of Australia presented her with the inaugural Australian Peace Prize "for her longstanding commitment to raising awareness about the medical and environmental hazards of the nuclear age". The Smithsonian Institution has named Caldicott as one of the most influential women of the 20th century.[http://www.capecodtoday.com/news/event/2012/03/28/anti-nuclear-activist-dr-helen-caldicott Anti-nuclear Activist Dr. Helen Caldicott to Appear]; Cape Cod Today; 28 March 2012 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} She is a member of the scientific committee of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110705022413/http://www.fundacionideas.es/en Fundacion IDEAS], a progressive think tank in Spain. She serves on the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace.[http://www.wagingpeace.org/about/people/advisory-council/ Advisory Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801022538/https://www.wagingpeace.org/about/people/advisory-council/ |date=1 August 2018 }}; Nuclear Age Peace Foundation; 20 February 2014 In 2009, she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.{{cite web | year=2010 | title=Honorees: 2010 National Women's History Month | work=Women's History Month | publisher=National Women's History Project | url=http://nwhp.org/whm/honorees.php | access-date=14 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828145122/http://www.nwhp.org/whm/honorees.php | archive-date=28 August 2014 | url-status=dead }}

Bibliography

{| class="wikitable"

|+Books by Helen Caldicott{{Cite web|url = http://trove.nla.gov.au/book/result?q-field0&q-type0=all&q-term0&q-field1=title%3A&q-type1=all&q-term1&q-field2=creator%3A&q-type2=all&q-term2=caldicott%2C+helen&q-field3=subject%3A&q-type3=all&q-term3&q-year1-date&q-year2-date&q=creator%3A%28caldicott%2C+helen%29+&s=0|title = Books|access-date = 16 March 2015|website = Trove|publisher = National Library of Australia}}

!Title

!Year of Publication

!Publisher(s)

!ISBN

!Role

|Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do!

|1978 (revised 1994)

|W.W. Norton & Company

|{{ISBN|0393310116}}

|Author

|Missile Envy: The Arms Race and Nuclear War

|1984

|William Morrow & Co

|{{ISBN|978-0688019549}}

|Author

|If You Love This Planet

|1992

|W. W. Norton & Company

|{{ISBN|978-0393308358}}

|Author

|A Desperate Passion: An Autobiography

|1996

|W.W. Norton & Company

|{{ISBN|0393316807}}

|Author

|Metal of Dishonor: How Depleted Uranium Penetrates Steel, Radiates People and Contaminates the Environment

|1997

|International Action Center

|{{ISBN|0965691608}}

|Author

|The New Nuclear Danger: George W.Bush's Military-industrial Complex

|2002 (revised 2004)

|The New Press

Scribe Publications (Australia)

|{{ISBN|1565847407|0908011652}}

|Author

|Nuclear Power is Not the Answer

|2006

|The New Press

Melbourne University Press

|{{ISBN|978-1595580672}}

|Author

|War in Heaven: The Arms Race in Outer Space

|2007

|The New Press

|{{ISBN|978-1595581143}}

|Co-author with Craig Eisendrath

|Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free: A Roadmap for U.S. Energy Policy

|2007

|RDR Books

|{{ISBN|978-1571431738}}

|Author of Afterword (author is Arjun Makhijani)

|If You Love This Planet: A Plan to Save the Earth

|2009

|W.W. Norton & Company

|{{ISBN|978-0393333022}}

|Author

|Loving This Planet

|2012

|The New Press

|{{ISBN|978-1595580672}}

|Editor

|Crisis Without End: The Medical and Ecological Consequences of the Fukushima Nuclear Catastrophe

|2014

|The New Press

|{{ISBN|978-1595589606}}

|Editor

|Sleepwalking to Armageddon

|2017

|The New Press

|{{ISBN|978-1620972465}}

|Editor

Documentary films

Caldicott has appeared in numerous documentary films and television programs. In the early 1980s, she was the subject of two documentaries: the Oscar-nominated 1981 feature-length film Eight Minutes to Midnight: A Portrait of Dr. Helen Caldicott and the 1982 Oscar-winning National Film Board of Canada short documentary, If You Love This Planet.{{cite web|url=http://www.nfb.ca/film/if_you_love_this_planet|title=If You Love This Planet|last=Nash|first=Terre|year=1982|work=NFB.ca|publisher=National Film Board of Canada|access-date=30 April 2009}}

A 2004 documentary film, Helen's War: Portrait of a Dissident,{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/passionateeyesunday/helenswar/index.html |title=CBC The Passionate Eye Sunday Showcase: Helen's War, Portrait of a Dissident |access-date=15 January 2006 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060115083302/http://www.cbc.ca/passionateeyesunday/helenswar/index.html |archive-date=15 January 2006 |df=dmy }} provides a look into Caldicott's life through the eyes of her niece, filmmaker Anna Broinowski.

Caldicott is featured along with foreign affairs experts, space security activists and military officials in interviews in Denis Delestrac's 2010 feature documentary Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space.

The 2013 documentary Pandora's Promise also features footage of Caldicott, interspersed with counter-points to her assertions regarding the health impacts of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

{| class="wikitable"

!Title

!Director

!Production Company

!Year

|The World Awaits

|Don Haderlein

|2015 (in production)

|The Oracles of Pennsylvania Avenue

|Tim Wilkerson

|2013

|United Natures

|Peter Charles Downey

|United Natures Independent Media

|2013

|Pandora's Promise

|Robert Stone

|Robert Stone Productions, Vulcan Productions

|2013

|Democracy Now! (TV Series)

|Democracy Now

|2011

|The University of Nuclear Bombs

|Mohamed Elsawi, Joshua James

|2010

|Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space

|Denis Delestrac

|Coptor Productions Inc., Lowik Media

|2009

|Difference of Opinion (TV Series)

|Australian Broadcasting Corporation

|2007

|Poison Dust

|Sue Harris

|2005

|Fatal Fallout: The Bush Legacy

|Gary Null

|Gary Null Moving Pictures

|2004

|Helen's War: Portrait of a Dissident

|Anna Broinowski

|2004

|American Experience (TV documentary)

|WGBH

|1998

|In Our Hands

|Robert Richter, Stanley Warnow

|1984

|If You Love This Planet (short)

|Terri Nash

|National Film Board of Canada

|1982

|Eight Minutes to Midnight: A Portrait of Dr. Helen Caldicott

|Mary Benjamin

|1981

|We are the Guinea Pigs

|Joan Harvey

|1980

References

External links

[http://www.helencaldicott.com/ www.helencaldicott.com] – Helen Caldicott's official website
[http://www.ifyoulovethisplanet.org/ www.ifyoulovethisplanet.org] Helen Caldicott's weekly radio program, "If You Love This Planet"
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225319/http://www.big-picture.tv/index.php?id=30&cat=&a=52%2F Watch a video clip of Helen Caldicott at Big Picture TV]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123558/http://www.freespeech.org/videodb/index.php?action=detail&video_id=10315&browse=0 Video of Speech on Depleted Uranium from Freespeech.org]
[http://publicaddress.net/default,2424.sm#post Anti Nuclear Oxford debate by former New Zealand PM David Lange]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20071019214546/http://heyokamagazine.com/HEYOKA.4.ENVIRO.HelenCaldicott.htm Heyoka Magazine Interview]
[http://ccragg123.libsyn.com/interview-with-dr-helen-caldicott-on-japan-nuclear-safety-originally-recorded-after-an-incident-in-july-2007- KGNU Denver interview with Claudia Cragg in July 2007 about Japan's Nuclear Industry and Earthquakes]
{{C-SPAN|22487}} by Caldicott
[http://www.theage.com.au/comment/nuclear-power-no-answer-to-climate-change-20131007-2v3vu.html Nuclear power no answer to climate change]
[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/897 Helen Caldicott Papers] at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College.
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