Heliamphora nutans
{{Short description|Species of carnivorous plant}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Roraima Heliamphora nutans1.JPG
|image_caption = Heliamphora nutans on Mount Roraima
|genus = Heliamphora
|species = nutans
|authority = Benth. (1840)Bentham, G. (June 1840). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4862618 XXV. On the Heliamphora nutans, a new pitcher-plant from British Guiana]. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 18(3): 429–433. {{doi|10.1111/j.1095-8339.1838.tb00190.x}}
|synonyms = *Heliamphora heterodoxa
auct. non Steyerm.: G.Cheers (1992)
}}
Heliamphora nutans (Latin: nutans = nodding) is a species of marsh pitcher plant native to the border area between Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana, where it grows on several tepuis, including Roraima, Kukenán, Yuruaní, Maringma, and Wei Assipu. Heliamphora nutans was the first Heliamphora to be described and is the best known species.McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz 2011. Sarraceniaceae of South America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
Heliamphora nutans was originally discovered in 1839 on Mount Roraima by the two brothers Robert and Richard Schomburgk,{{cite web| url= http://www.orchids.co.in/orchidologists/david-burke.shtm|title = David Burke (1854 – 1897) |author= |publisher = www.orchids.co.in|accessdate=7 November 2008}} although they did not collect samples to return to Europe. The plant was formally described by George Bentham in 1840, becoming the type species of the genus. In 1881, David Burke was plant-hunting in the same area of British Guiana where he collected specimens of the plant and introduced it to England.{{cite book | author=James Herbert Veitch| title=Hortus Veitchii| publisher=Caradoc Doy | year=2006|edition=reprint| isbn=978-0-9553515-0-1|page=87| title-link=Hortus Veitchii| author-link=James Herbert Veitch}}
This species employs an 'aquaplaning' trapping mechanism (whereby prey animals slip into the pitchers on the downwards-pointing hairs, which are significantly more slippy when wet) similar to that of many tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes.Bauer, U., M. Scharmann, J. Skepper & W. Federle 2013. 'Insect aquaplaning' on a superhydrophilic hairy surface: how Heliamphora nutans Benth. pitcher plants capture prey. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280(1753): 20122569. {{doi|10.1098/rspb.2012.2569}}[http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/ants-aquaplaning-on-a-pitcher-plant Ants aquaplaning on a pitcher plant]. University of Cambridge.
File:Kew.gardens.pitcher.plant.heliamphora.arp.jpg|Heliamphora nutans at Kew Gardens, London
File:Heliamphora nutans (Habitus).jpg|Heliamphora nutans growing on Mount Roraima in Venezuela
File:HeliamphoraNutansFloraDetail2.jpg|Detail of H. nutans flower
File:Heliamphora nutans George Bentham 1840.jpg|Illustration from Bentham's 1840 description
References
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Further reading
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- Adlassnig, W., K. Pranji, E. Mayer, G. Steinhauser, F. Hejjas & I.K. Lichtscheidl (2010). The abiotic environment of Heliamphora nutans (Sarraceniaceae): pedological and microclimatic observations on Roraima Tepui. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53(2): 425–430. {{doi|10.1590/S1516-89132010000200022}}
- Barrera, R., D. Fish & C.E. Machado-Allison (1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141221004256/http://ecotropicos.saber.ula.ve/db/ecotropicos/Edocs/vol2_n1/articulo4.pdf Ecological patterns of aquatic insect communities in two Heliamphora pitcher-plant species of the Venezuelan highlands.] Ecotropicos 2(1): 31–44.
- {{in lang|es}} Brewer-Carías, C. (2012). {{cite web |url= http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/I_UBC/RORAIMA_Madre_de_todos_los_rios.pdf |title= Roraima: madre de todos los ríos. |access-date= 2013-03-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025504/http://www6.plymouth.ac.uk/files/extranet/docs/I_UBC/RORAIMA_Madre_de_todos_los_rios.pdf |archive-date= 2016-03-04 |url-status= dead }} Río Verde 8: 77–94.
- Fleischmann, A., A. Wistuba & S. McPherson (21 December 2007). Drosera solaris (Droseraceae), a new sundew from the Guayana Highlands. Willdenowia 37(2): 551–555. {{doi|10.3372/wi.37.37214}}
- Gonzalez, J.M., K. Jaffe & F. Michelangeli (December 1991). Competition for prey between the carnivorous Bromeliaceae Brocchinia reducta and Sarraceneacea Heliamphora nutans. Biotropica 23(4B): 602–604. {{JSTOR|2388398}}
- Joel, D.M., B.E. Juniper & A. Dafni (December 1985). Ultraviolet patterns in the traps of carnivorous plants. New Phytologist 101(4): 585–593. {{doi|10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02864.x}}
- Kelloff, C.L., S.N. Alexander, V.A. Funk & H.D. Clarke (2011). [http://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/17550/1/SCB97_Kelloff_web-FINAL.pdf Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1995–2004, H. David Clarke.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 97: i–viii, 1–307.
- Kok, P.J.R. (20 October 2008). [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/2/zt01909p015.pdf A new highland species of Arthrosaura Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil.] Zootaxa 1909: 1–15. {{cite web |url= http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01909p015f.pdf |title= first page }}
- Lindley, J. (1846). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7433438 Order CLV. Sarraceniaceæ.—Sarraceniads.] In: [https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7756 The Vegetable Kingdom; or, The Structure, Classification, and Uses of Plants, Illustrated upon the Natural System]. Bradbury & Evans, London. p. 429.
- McPherson, S. (2007). Pitcher Plants of the Americas. The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia.
- Nerz, J. (December 2004). [http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/Species/v33n4p111_116.html Heliamphora elongata (Sarraceniaceae), a new species from Ilu-Tepui]. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 33(4): 111–116.
- Steyermark, J.A. et al. (18 May 1951). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2455368 Sarraceniaceae]. [pp. 239–242] In: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2455345 Contributions to the flora of Venezuela. Botanical exploration in Venezuela - 1.] Fieldiana: Botany 28(1): 1–242.
- Wistuba, A., T. Carow & P. Harbarth (September 2002). [http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/Species/v31n3p78_82.html Heliamphora chimantensis, a new species of Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae) from the ‘Macizo de Chimanta’ in the south of Venezuela]. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 31(3): 78–82.
- [http://www.brucemeans.com/journal/journalVenezula2006.htm Journal of Venezuela Expedition January/February 2006 by D. Bruce Means]. Journals: D. Bruce Means, PhD.
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