Helicobacter heilmannii s.s

{{Short description|Species of bacterium}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Helicobacter heilmannii s.s.

| genus = Helicobacter

| species = heilmannii s.s.

| authority = Paster et al., 1991

}}

Helicobacter heilmannii s.s. (H. heilmannii s.s.) is a species within the Helicobacter genus of Gram negative bacteria.{{cite journal | vauthors = Péré-Védrenne C, Flahou B, Loke MF, Ménard A, Vadivelu J | title = Other Helicobacters, gastric and gut microbiota | journal = Helicobacter | volume = 22 | pages = e12407| date = September 2017 | issue = Suppl 1 | pmid = 28891140 | doi = 10.1111/hel.12407 | s2cid = 30040441 }} Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is by far the best known Helicobacter species primarily because humans infected with it may develop gastrointestinal tract diseases such as stomach inflammation, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers, stomach cancers of the non-lymphoma type, and various subtypes of extranodal marginal zone lymphomass, e.g. those of the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, and rectum. H. pylori is also associated with the development of bile duct cancer and has been associated with a wide range of other diseases although its role in the development of many of these other diseases requires further study.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bravo D, Hoare A, Soto C, Valenzuela MA, Quest AF | title = Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease: Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 24 | issue = 28 | pages = 3071–3089 | date = July 2018 | pmid = 30065554 | pmc = 6064966 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v24.i28.3071 | doi-access = free }} Humans infected with H. heilmannii s.s. may develop some of the same gastrointestinal diseases viz., stomach inflammation, stomach ulcers,{{cite journal |last1=Debongnie |first1=JC |last2=Donnay |first2=M |last3=Mairesse |first3=J |last4=Lamy |first4=V |last5=Dekoninck |first5=X |last6=Ramdani |first6=B |title=Gastric ulcers and Helicobacter heilmannii. |journal=European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology |date=March 1998 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=251–4 |doi=10.1097/00042737-199803000-00011 |pmid=9585030|s2cid=21985968 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Bento-Miranda M, Figueiredo C | title = Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato: an overview of the infection in humans | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 20 | issue = 47 | pages = 17779–87 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25548476 | pmc = 4273128 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17779 | doi-access = free }} duodenal ulcers,{{cite journal | vauthors = Iwanczak B, Biernat M, Iwanczak F, Grabinska J, Matusiewicz K, Gosciniak G | title = The clinical aspects of Helicobacter heilmannii infection in children with dyspeptic symptoms | journal = Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–6 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22653899 }} stomach cancers that are not lymphomas, and extranodal marginal B cell lymphomas of the stomach. Other non-H. pylori Helicobacter species that are known to be associated with these gastrointestinal diseases are Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter suis, Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter salomonis. Because of their disease associations, these four Helicobacter species plus H. heilmannii s.s. are often group together and termed Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato. (Helicobacter heilmannii s.s. is used to designate a specific species within the Helicobacter heilmannii group; "s.s" is appended to its name in order to distinguish it from the Helicobacter heilmannii group.{{cite journal | vauthors = Kubota-Aizawa S, Ohno K, Fukushima K, Kanemoto H, Nakashima K, Uchida K, Chambers JK, Goto-Koshino Y, Watanabe T, Sekizaki T, Mimuro H, Tsujimoto H | title = Epidemiological study of gastric Helicobacter spp. in dogs with gastrointestinal disease in Japan and diversity of Helicobacter heilmannii sensu stricto | journal = Veterinary Journal | volume = 225 | pages = 56–62 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28720300 | doi = 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.004 }})

H. heilmannii s.s. bacteria are detected in the stomachs of their natural hosts viz., cats, dogs, foxes, lynxes, and non-human primates. Reports suggest that individuals, including children, are infected with this bacterium by having close contact with one of these animals: H. heilmannii s.l.-associated diseases, including those associated with H. heilmannii s.s., appear to be zoonotic diseases, i.e., infectious diseases that are caused by pathogens that spread from animals to humans. It is important to diagnose H. heilmannii as well as the other Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato infections in patients with the cited upper gastrointestinal tract diseases, including in particular extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the stomach, because some of them have been successfully treated and cured using antibiotic-based drug regimens (e.g.amoxicillin, clarithromycin, plus a proton pump inhibitor{{cite journal | vauthors = Ménard A, Smet A | title = Review: Other Helicobacter species | journal = Helicobacter | volume = 24 | pages = e12645 | date = September 2019 | issue = Suppl 1 | pmid = 31486233 | doi = 10.1111/hel.12645 | s2cid = 201838021 | doi-access = }} such as lansoprazole,{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsumoto T, Kawakubo M, Akamatsu T, Koide N, Ogiwara N, Kubota S, Sugano M, Kawakami Y, Katsuyama T, Ota H | title = Helicobacter heilmannii sensu stricto-related gastric ulcers: a case report | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 20 | issue = 12 | pages = 3376–82 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24695914 | pmc = 3964410 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3376 | doi-access = free }} or metronidazole, clarithromycin, plus a proton pump inhibitor) directed against the instigating bacterium.