Heliocybe

Heliocybe sulcata is characterized by thumb-sized, tough, revivable, often dried, mushroom fruitbodies. The tanned symmetric cap (pileus) is up to {{Convert|2|cm|frac=4}} across and radially cracked into a ray pattern of scales and ridges. The lamellae are cream-coloured,{{Cite book |last=Audubon |title=Mushrooms of North America |publisher=Knopf |year=2023 |isbn=978-0-593-31998-7 |pages=206}} distant and serrated. The stipe is cylindrical, up to 2 cm tall and 4 mm wide, sometimes curved, and scaly towards the base, often enlarged.

Like Neolentinus, H. sulcata produces abundant, conspicuous pleurocystidia, but H. sulcata lacks clamp connections. Crinipellis zonata lacks the raised ridges along the margin.

In older classifications, H. sulcatahttps://web.archive.org/web/20071010102253/http://www.minnesotamushrooms.org/news/2004-02/mush-science.htm was known as Lentinus sulcatus or Panus fulvidus. However, there is strong phylogenetic evidence for the segregation of a group of brown rot causing fungi at the level of order, including Neolentinus, Heliocybe and Gloeophyllum, from the Polyporales where Lentinus and Panus are classified.{{cite journal |author1=Hibbett, D.S. |author2=Binder, M.|year=2002| title=Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes|journal=Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B| volume=269| pages=1963–1969| doi=10.1098/rspb.2002.2123 | pmid=12396494 | issue=1504 | pmc=1691125}}{{cite journal | author=Binder, M.|year=2005| title=The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes)|journal=Syst. Biodivers.| volume=3| pages=113–157| doi=10.1017/S1477200005001623 | issue=2|s2cid=13102957 |display-authors=etal}}{{cite journal |author1=García-Sandoval R |author2=Wang Z |author3=Binder M |author4=Hibbett DS. |year=2011| title=Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot|journal=Mycologia| volume=103| pages=510–524| doi=10.3852/10-209 | pmid=21186327 | issue=3 |s2cid=9801943 }} Heliocybe has also been placed into synonymy with Neolentinus, but anatomically they differ by the absence versus the presence of clamp connections and phylogenetically Heliocybe is distinct, being either a sister group to Neolentinus or to a Neolentinus-Gloeophyllum-clade, or allied to Gloeophyllum odoratum.

Heliocybe derives from the Greek helios (= the sun) and cybe (=head), and means "the sun-head". It was coined in reference to its sun-like pattern on its pileus together with its affinity to sun-baked habitats.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

Heliocybe sulcata typically fruits on decorticated, sun-dried and cracked wood, such as fence posts and rails, vineyard trellises in Europe, branches in slash areas, and semi-arid areas such on sagebrush or on naio branches in rain shadow areas of Hawaii, or in open pine forests.{{cite journal| author=Redhead, S.A.|year=1989| title=A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora|journal=Can. J. Bot.| volume=67| pages=3003–3062| doi=10.1139/b89-384 | issue=10}}{{citation | author=Schalkwijk-Barendsen, H.M.E.|year=1991| title=Mushrooms of western Canada}}{{citation | author=Evenson, V.S.|year=1997| title=Mushrooms of Colorado and the southern Rocky Mountains}}{{citation |author1=Hemmes, D.E. |author2=Desjardin, D.E.|year=2002| title=An identification guide – mushrooms of Hawai'i}}

In North America, it can be found in the Mountain states and as far east as Texas and Kansas from April to September.

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q4362787|from2=Q10520133}}

Category:Gloeophyllales

Category:Monotypic Basidiomycota genera