Helmut Gollwitzer

{{Short description|German Protestant (Lutheran) theologian and author (1908–1993)}}

File:Ludwig Binder Haus der Geschichte Studentenrevolte 1968 2001 03 0275.4240 (16900018369).jpg (November 1967)]]

Helmut Gollwitzer (29 December 1908 – 17 October 1993) was a German Protestant (Lutheran) theologian and author.

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Born in Pappenheim, Bavaria, Gollwitzer studied Protestant theology in Munich, Erlangen, Jena, and Bonn (1928–1932); he later completed a doctorate under Karl Barth in Basel (1937), writing on the understanding of the eucharist in Martin Luther and John Calvin.

During the period of the Nazi regime in Germany, Gollwitzer was a well-known member of the Confessing Church movement, which resisted the regime's attempt to control the churches. He took over as the pastor of the congregation at Berlin-Dahlem after the arrest of Martin Niemöller.{{Cite web |last=Martin Niemöller Haus |first= |title=Auf dem Weg zur mündigen Gemeinde - Wer übernimmt Niemöllers Arbeit? |url=http://www.niemoeller-haus-berlin.de/ausstellung/tafel22.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20180513011210/http://www.niemoeller-haus-berlin.de/ausstellung/tafel22.html |archive-date=2018-05-13 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.niemoeller-haus-berlin.de}}

During World War II, Gollwitzer served as a medic at the Eastern Front, and was a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1949. He wrote a book about his experience of being a POW which became a bestseller in Germany in 1950 (Unwilling Journey: A Diary from Russia); the then President of West Germany, Theodor Heuss, called it "a great historical document".

Gollwitzer was appointed professor of systematic theology at the University of Bonn (1950–1957), and then as professor of Protestant theology at the Free University of Berlin; he retired in 1975. He had been Karl Barth's first choice as his successor in Basel, but the university authorities turned him down due to what they called 'his unclear attitude to the Soviet Union'. Dr. W. Travis McMaken illustrates Gollwitzer's role in the theology and politics of the twentieth century in his latest book, Our God Loves Justice: An Introduction to Helmut Gollwitzer. He explains Gollwitzer's close relationship with Barth, and the socialist political ideas Gollwitzer held throughout his life.

Known as a close friend of Rudi Dutschke, whose wife studied with Gollwitzer, and a pastor to Ulrike Meinhof, he was prominently involved in the political debates ensuing in the late 1960s and 1970s. He was also a friend to student movements since his time as a professor.{{Cite news |date=December 29, 2008 |title=Helmut Gollwitzer: Warum ich als Christ Sozialist bin |url=https://www.lebenshaus-alb.de/magazin/005439.html |access-date=December 11, 2024 |work=Lebenshaus Schwäbische Alb}} In the 1950s, one of his students at the University of Bonn, Paul Oestreicher, wrote in The Independent that Gollwitzer was a pastor at heart, being equally concerned with students' personal issues like a "broken love affair" as with matters such as "the betrayal of Christian values" in Bonn society.{{Cite news |last=Pace |first=Eric |date=October 25, 1993 |title=Helmut Gollwitzer Is Dead at 84; An Anti-Nazi German Theologian |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1993/10/25/423293.html?pageNumber=28 |access-date=December 11, 2024 |work=The New York Times |pages=B8}} Gollwitzer was a pacifist{{cite book |last =Bauer |first =Karin |title =From Protest to Resistance |work =Changing the World, Changing Oneself |publisher =Berghahn Books |date =2010 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Qrm6jNkz0VoC&q=Kurt+Scharf+pacifist&pg=PA174 |isbn =9781845458089 |access-date =11 January 2016 }} and a well-known opponent of nuclear escalation during the 1950s to 1980s.Gollwitzer gave the keynote speech at a Kampf dem Atomtod rally in 1955, which was documented in a 1982 exhibition at the Martin Niemöller House in Berlin, which is available in the Internet Archive. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719065837/http://www.niemoeller-haus-berlin.de/ausstellung/tafel37.html|date=2011-07-19}}{{Cite news |date=October 12, 1981 |title=Bonn: Half Fortress, Half Festival. Observations at the March of 250,000 in the Hofgarten |url=https://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=1132 |access-date=December 11, 2024 |work=Die Welt}} He opposed United States engagement in Vietnam, in the arms race, and was a staunch critic of capitalism.

Gollwitzer died in Berlin on 17 October 1993.