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Help:IPA/Bengali

{{IPA key|H:IPA-BN|H:IPAB}}

Charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Bengali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Bengali phonology and Bengali alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Bengali.

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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="6"| Consonants

IPABengaliExamplesISO 15919English Approximation
{{IPA link|b}}

| ব

বালিbstyle="text-align:left;" | abash
{{IPA link|bʱ}}/bʱ/ is phonetically realised either as [{{IPA|bʱ}}] or /β/ (phonetically [{{IPA link|v}}~{{IPA link|β}}]) depending on the speaker and variety. /β/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /bʱ/ in foreign loan words e.g. ভিসা [βisa] 'visa'.

| ভ

ভীরুbhstyle="text-align:left;" | clubhouse
{{IPA link|d̪|d}}Bengali contrasts dental {{IPAblink|t̪|t}} and {{IPAblink|d̪|d}} with apical postalveolar {{IPAblink|ʈ}} and {{IPAblink|ɖ}} (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like {{IPAc-en|t}} and {{IPAc-en|d}} to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English {{IPAc-en|θ}} and {{IPAc-en|ð}} for some speakers with th-stopping.

| দ

দামdstyle="text-align:left;" | deal (dental), Indian the
{{IPA link|dʱ}}

| ধ

ধারাdhstyle="text-align:left;" | redhead (dental), Indian that
{{IPA link|ɖ}}

| ড

ডুমুরḍstyle="text-align:left;" | American bird
{{IPA link|ɖʱ}}

| ঢ

ঢোলḍhstyle="text-align:left;" | American birdhouse
{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}

| জ, য{{angbr|{{lang|bn|জ}}}} and {{angbr|{{lang|bn|য}}}} may represent a voiced affricate {{IPAslink|dʒ}} in Standard Bengali words of native origin, but they can also represent {{IPAslink|z}} in foreign words and names ({{lang|bn|জাকাত}} {{IPA|[zakat]}} 'zakah charity', {{lang|bn|আজিজ}} {{IPA|[aziz]}} 'Aziz'). However, many speakers usually replace {{IPA|/z/}} with {{IPA|/dʒ/}}.

জল যবনjstyle="text-align:left;" | hedge
{{IPA link|d͡ʒʱ}}

| ঝ

ঝাউjhstyle="text-align:left;" | hedgehog
{{IPA link|ɡ}}

| গ

গমgstyle="text-align:left;" | agate
{{IPA link|ɡʱ}}

| ঘ

বাঘাghstyle="text-align:left;" | loghouse
{{IPA link|ɦ}}

| rowspan="2" | হ, ঃ/ɦ/ may be devoiced to [h] in word-initial or final positions, with [ɦ] occurring medially.

rowspan="2" | মহান বাঃrowspan="2" | hstyle="text-align:left;" | behind
{{IPA link|h}}

| style="text-align:left;" | head

{{IPA link|k}}

| ক

কলমkstyle="text-align:left;" | scan
{{IPA link|kʰ}}

| |খ, ক্ষ

শাখা, ক্ষমাkhstyle="text-align:left;" | can
{{IPA link|l}}

| ল

মালিনীlstyle="text-align:left;" | leaf
{{IPA link|m}}

| ম

মানুষmstyle="text-align:left;" | much
{{IPA link|n}}

| ন, ণ

নীলা ,বাণnstyle="text-align:left;" | not
{{IPA link|ŋ}}

| ঙ, ং

বাঙালি অংশṅstyle="text-align:left;" | sing
{{IPA link|p}}

| প

পাকাpstyle="text-align:left;" | span
{{IPA link|pʰ}}/pʰ/ is phonetically realised either as [{{IPA|pʰ}}] or /ɸ/ (phonetically [{{IPA link|f}}~{{IPA link|ɸ}}]) depending on the speaker and variety. /ɸ/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /pʰ/ in foreign loan words e.g. {{lang|bn|ফ্যান}} {{IPA|[ɸæn]}} 'fan'.

| ফ

ফলphstyle="text-align:left;" | pin
{{IPA link|ɾ|r}} The phonetic realisation of /r/ is usually an alveolar flap [{{IPA link|ɾ}}] but may also be an alveolar approximant [{{IPA link|ɹ}}] or alveolar trill [{{IPA link|r}}] depending on the variety and speaker.

| র,‍‍ র্ক, (র্), ‍‍্র

বিরাম, তর্ক, শ্রমrstyle="text-align:left;" | American atom or ring (flapped or trilled)
{{IPA link|ɽ}}

| ড়, ঢ়

বড় দৃঢ়ṛstyle="text-align:left;" | American larder
{{IPA link|s}}

| স

সেলামsstyle="text-align:left;" | sue
{{IPA link|ʃ}}

| শ, ষ, স

মশা ষাট সময়śstyle="text-align:left;" | shoe
{{IPA link|t̪|t}}

| ত, ৎ

তমাল উৎসtstyle="text-align:left;" | get (dental), Indian think
{{IPA link|tʰ}}

| থ

থাবাthstyle="text-align:left;" | tub (dental), Indian thought
{{IPA link|ʈ}}

| ট

বটṭstyle="text-align:left;" | American parts
{{IPA link|ʈʰ}}

| ঠ

কাঠুরেṭhstyle="text-align:left;" | American partake
{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}

| চ

মুচিcstyle="text-align:left;" | catch
{{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}}

| ছ

ছাগলchstyle="text-align:left;" | choose
colspan="5" | Marginal consonants
{{IPA link|β}}

| ভ

ভিসাvstyle="text-align:left;" | very
{{IPA link|j}}

| য় /j/ occurs in some pronunciations of Bengali vowel clusters as a result of the semivowels /e̯ i̯/ undergoing fortitional merging, such as {{lang|bn|নয়ন}} {{IPA|[nɔjon]}}.

নয়নystyle="text-align:left;" | yes
{{IPA link|ɸ}}

| ফ

ফ্যানfstyle="text-align:left;" | find
{{IPA link|w}} /w/ may occur as a fortitional allophone of the semivowels /o̯/ and /u̯/, especially in loan words e.g. ওয়াদা [wada] 'promise', উইলিয়াম [wiliam] 'William'.

|ও, উ

ওয়াদা, উইলিয়ামvstyle="text-align:left;" | will
{{IPA link|z}}

| জ, য

জাকাত যিয়ারতzstyle="text-align:left;" | zip
{{IPA link|ɳ}}https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10258

|ণMainly occurs as an allophone of [n] in conjunct with other postalveolar (retroflex) consonants.

বাণṇstyle="text-align:left;"| American burn

|

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="5"| Vowels

colspan="5"| Monophthongs
IPABengaliExamplesISO 15919English Approximation
{{IPA link|ɔ}}

| অ, প

অমরastyle="text-align:left;" | off
{{IPA link|ɐ|a}}

| আ, পা

আঙ্গিনাāstyle="text-align:left;" | Australian father, RP cut
{{IPA link|æ}}Usually pronounced as a near-open [{{IPA link|æ}}] ({{harvnb|Thompson|2020|p=23}}) but may also be pronounced and transcribed in IPA as open-mid [{{IPA link|ɛ}}] ({{harvnb|Khan|2010|pp=221–225}}).

| অ্যা, প্যা, এ, পে

ত্যাগ খেলাae/æstyle="text-align:left;" | trap
{{IPA link|i}}

| ই, পি, ঈ, পী

দিন দীনistyle="text-align:left;" | beat
{{IPA link|u}}

| উ, পু, ঊ, পূ

কুল কূলustyle="text-align:left;" | cool
{{IPA link|e}}

| এ, পে

মেদিনীēstyle="text-align:left;" | Scottish may
{{IPA link|o}}

| ও, পো, অ, প

ওজন অঙ্কুরōstyle="text-align:left;" | story
{{IPA link|ã|◌̃}}ঁইঁদুরঁstyle="text-align:left;" | nasal vowel
({{IPA|[ã], [õ]}}, etc.)
colspan="5" | Semivowels
{{IPA link|e̯}}য়খায়ẏstyle="text-align:left;" | Similar to very
{{IPA link|i̯}}ইভাইistyle="text-align:left;" | happy
{{IPA link|o̯}}ওযাও হাওয়াōstyle="text-align:left;" | Similar to look
{{IPA link|u̯}}উঝাউustyle="text-align:left;" | too
colspan="5" | Diphthongs
{{IPA|ii̯}}িইনিইiistyle="text-align:left;" | tea
{{IPA|iu̯}}িউবিউভোলiustyle="text-align:left;" | ew
{{IPA|ei̯}}েয়দেয়ēistyle="text-align:left;" | RP bay
{{IPA|eu̯}}েওঢেওēustyle="text-align:left;" | Roughly like go in some dialects of EnglishThese dialects include Southern England (including Received Pronunciation), English Midlands, Australian, New Zealand, the Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger Californian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of American English, Northern England English, Welsh English, Scottish English and Irish English, have no close equiavalent vowel.
{{IPA|æe̯}}্যায়ন্যায়aeẏ/æẏstyle="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
{{IPA|ai̯}}াইপাইāistyle="text-align:left;" | Buy
{{IPA|ae̯}}ায়পায়āẏstyle="text-align:left;" | Similar to Hi
{{IPA|au̯}}াউপাউāustyle="text-align:left;" | How
{{IPA|ao̯}}াওপাওāōstyle="text-align:left;" | Similar to How
{{IPA|ɔe̯}}◌য়নয়aẏstyle="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
{{IPA|ɔo̯}}◌ওনওaōstyle="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
{{IPA|oi̯}}োইদোইōistyle="text-align:left;" | Similar to boy
{{IPA|oo̯}}োওদোওōōstyle="text-align:left;" | Indian no
{{IPA|ou̯}}ৌনৌকাōustyle="text-align:left;" | goal
{{IPA|ui̯}}ুই, ূইধুইuistyle="text-align:left;" | Similar to Louie

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="3"| Suprasegmentals

IPAcolspan="2" |
{{IPA link|ˈ}}

| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | primary stress
(placed before stressed syllable)Primary stress usually occurs in word-initial positions with secondary stress occurring afterwards.

{{IPA link|ˌ}}

| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | secondary stress
(placed before stressed syllable)

{{IPA link|ː}}

| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | doubled consonant

|}

Notes

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{citation

|last=Khan

|first=Sameer ud Dowla

|year=2010

|title=Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=40

|issue=2

|pages=221–225

|url=http://www.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%202010%20Bengali%20Bangladeshi%20standard.pdf

|doi=10.1017/S0025100310000071

}}

  • {{citation|

last=Thompson

|first=Hanne-Ruth

|year= 2020

|title=Bengali: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Comprehensive Grammars), 1

|publisher=Routledge

|isbn=978-0415411394

|page=23

|edition=1

}}

{{refend}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Bengali IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}