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Help:IPA/Colognian

{{IPA key|H:IPA-KSH}}

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Colognian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.

style="background:none;"

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable unicode"

! colspan=3 | Consonants

IPAColognian examplesEnglish approximation
style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|b}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ball, dubbel}}

|ball

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|d}}

|{{lang|ksh|dann, Saddel}}

|done

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|dʒ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Dschungel, wadschele}}

|jungle

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|f}}

|{{lang|ksh|Faß, Waffel}}

|fuss

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|{{lang|ksh|waggele}}

|gust

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|h}}

|{{lang|ksh|hatt, Buhai, Bah}}

|hut

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɧ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Schimie, Weechter, biestig}}

|bush

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|j}}

|{{lang|ksh|Jack, wääje}}

|yuck

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʒ}}The phone {{IPAblink|ʒ}} occurs also often as a positional allophone of {{IPAblink|j}} when a final {{IPAblink|ʃ}} or {{IPAblink|ɧ}} of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, {{IPAblink|j}} is used to transcribe these.

|{{lang|ksh|Geniere, nuschele}}

|pleasure

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|k}}

|{{lang|ksh|Kiß, frickele, Pek}}

|kiss

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|l}}

|{{lang|ksh|Lack, welle}}

|luck

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{lang|ksh|Mai, summe, öm}}

|may

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|n}}

|{{lang|ksh|Noht, Jewenner, Sun}}

|not

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|{{lang|ksh|senge, lang}}

|long

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|p}}

|{{lang|ksh|Peck, Appel, Kapp}}

|peck

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʁ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Rään, ware}}

|guttural r

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|s}}

|{{lang|ksh|faste, Baß}}

|bus

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|{{lang|ksh|schäl, Mösche, Bösch}}

|bush

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|t}}

|{{lang|ksh|Toon, kötte, Bütt}}

|tone

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ts}}

|{{lang|ksh|Zupp, Mätze, Fuz}}

| pizza

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|tʃ}}

|{{lang|ksh|{{audio|Ksh-M-Tschöö.ogg|tschö|help=no}}, letsche, Matsch}}

|chat

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|v}}

|{{lang|ksh|Vas, övver}}

|vast

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|w}}

|{{lang|ksh|wat}}

|will

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|x}}

|{{lang|ksh|Woche, Loch}}

|Scottish loch

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|z}}

|{{lang|ksh|Sunn, lässe}}

|zone

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|{{lang|ksh||it, be|erdije, perdü|}}

|uh-oh

class="wikitable unicode"

! colspan=4| Pitch accent

IPAColognian
examples		English
approximation		Explanation
style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ˈ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Bahnhoffstrohße}}

|intonation

|primary stress

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPAlink|ˌ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Bahnhoffstrohße}}

|intonation|

|secondary stress

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|◌̂}}

| colspan=2| {{IPA|/ˈʃtîːf/}} "stiffness",
{{IPA|/ˈhûːs/}} "house (dat.)",
{{IPA|/ˈʃlɛ̂ːʃ/}} "beats (n. pl.)",
{{IPA|/ˈzêɪ/}} "sieve",
{{IPA|/ˈkân/}} "(tea)pot, jug"Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a falling tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent. Compare these "accent 1" words with their "accent 2" words {{IPA|/ˈʃtiːf/}} "stiff", {{IPA|/ˈhuːs/}} "house (nom./​acc.)", {{IPA|/ˈʃlɛːʃ/}} "bad", {{IPA|/zeɪ/}} "she", {{IPA|/kan/}} "(I/​he) can" without Stoßton

| falling tone
(Stoßton,
Accent 1)

style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|◌́}}

| colspan=2| {{IPA|/ˈzǿlts/}} SülzOnly occurs on stressed vowels. Though a high tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent.

| high tone
(Schleifton,
Accent 2)

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable unicode"

! colspan=3 | Vowels

IPAColognian examplesEnglish approximation
style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|aː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Plaat, Bar, Ahle, Bahn}}

|bra

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|a}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ax, spack, }}

|bra, but short

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|eː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Elend, Feez, Beet}}

|somewhat like play

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|e}}

|{{lang|ksh|enjonn, seze}}

|somewhat like play, but short

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ɛː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ääpel, Pääd, {{audio|Ksh-Nää.ogg|nää|help=no}}, äänz, Nähl}}

|fairy

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɛ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Eck, hätt, dä!}}

|bed

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|iː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ieß, Pief, di, ieser, Dier, auwieh!}}

|eat

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|i}}

|{{lang|ksh|mi}}

|city

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɪ}}

|{{lang|ksh|in, Friko}}

|sit

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ɔː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ooß, Pooz, booh, Ohß, Pohl, jo}}

|off, but long

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɔ}}

|{{lang|ksh|offe, doll, mer}}

|off

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|œː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ööschel, pöze, Blööh, Öl, Pöhl}}

|rowspan="4"|somewhat like urgent

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|œ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Öschel, Pött}}

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|øː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ööz, kööze, bleu, Rösje, Bröh}}

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ø}}

|{{lang|ksh|Öllije, Kött, ?ömjonn}}

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|oː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ooschel, koot, Ohm, Dooch, Nivoh}}

|more (long)

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|o}}

|{{lang|ksh|op, lovve, do}}

|story (short)

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ʊː}}

|{{lang|ksh|Pattevuel}}

|took (long)

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʊ}}

|{{lang|ksh|us, Hunk, do, ?Bunn}}

|took (short)

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|uː}}

|{{lang|ksh|uze, Pluute, Schmu, Uhr, Bud, esu}}

|pool (long)

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|u}}

|{{lang|ksh|Ussel, Fuz}}

|pool (short)

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|yː}}

|{{lang|ksh|üüßerlech, süht, Üül, Lüüß, perdü}}

|rowspan="3"|somewhat like cute

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|y}}

|{{lang|ksh|üvver, müje}}

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ʏ}}

|{{lang|ksh|üch, tüntele}}

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|aɪ}}

|{{lang|ksh|ei, Eiter, Weihnaach, zwei, Eier, Weiher, Pavei}}

|tie

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|aːʊ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Auto, Strauß, mau}}

|rowspan="2"|out

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|aʊ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Auflach, Zauß, Schabau, ?zaubere, ?Kakau}}

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|eɪ}}

|{{lang|ksh|ei, eins, Zeidung, sei, eine, zeije, Schnei}}

|alien, mania, bay

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|iɐ̯}}

|{{lang|ksh|Liehr, ?Zottier}}

|similar to dear

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|oʊ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Auge, Baum, hau, Aug, sauge, Hau}}

|similar to goal

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ɔʏ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Schnäuzer, Heu, Häuche, Häu}}

|similar to boy

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|øʏ}}

|{{lang|ksh|Sträuf, Späu, Äujelche, Bäum, {{audio|Ksh-M-nöü (1).ogg|neu|help=no}}}}

|

colspan=3 | Reduced vowels
style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ɐ}}

|{{lang|ksh|verdonn, Vatter}}

| nut or sofa (but not balance)As several other Germanic languages, Colognian has mid {{IPAblink|ə}} and open {{IPAblink|ɐ}} schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Colognian {{IPAblink|ɐ}} has no such free variation and is always open, just as {{IPAblink|ə}} is always mid. In some English dialects, {{IPA|/ʌ/}} in words such as nut and strut is a perfect replacement for Colognian {{IPAblink|ɐ}}, but the latter is an unstressed-only vowel that can also appear in open syllables, which generally cannot be said about the English {{IPA|/ʌ/}}.

style="text-align:center;" |{{IPAlink|ə}}

|{{lang|ksh|e, en, bedon, de}}

| balance (but not sofa)

|}

Notes

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |first=Fritz |last=Hoenig |title={{lang|de|Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart}} |edition=2nd |year=1905 |location=Köln |language=de }}
  • {{cite book |first=Georg |last=Heike |chapter={{lang|de|Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale}} |title={{lang|de|Deutsche Dialektgeographie}} |volume=57 |publisher=Elwert-Verlag |location=Marburg |year=1964 }}
  • {{cite book |first=Claudia |last=Froitzheim |chapter={{lang|de|Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln}} |title=Continuum |series={{lang|de|Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik}} |volume=2 |publisher=Narr |location=Tübingen |year=1984 |isbn=3-87808-332-7 }} (Also Dissertation at the University of Cologne, 1983).
  • {{cite book |first=Adam |last=Wrede |title={{lang|de|Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz}} |edition=12th |year=1999 |publisher=Greven Verlag |location=Köln |isbn=3-7743-0243-X }}
  • {{cite book |first=Christa |last=Bhatt |first2=Alice |last2=Herrwegen |title={{lang|de|Das Kölsche Wörterbuch}} |edition=2nd |year=2005 |publisher=J. P. Bachem-Verlag |location=Köln |isbn=3-7616-1942-1 }}

For another simpler phonemic writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see:

  • {{cite book |first=Peter |last=Honnen |authorlink=Peter Honnen |others=presented following the previous works of Fritz Langensiepen |title={{lang|de|Rheinische Dokumenta: Lautschrift für Rheinische Mundarten, Mundartdokumentation im Rheinland}} |publisher=Rheinland-Verlag |location=Köln |edition=2nd |year=1987 |isbn=3-7927-0947-3 }}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Colognian IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}