Help:IPA/Danish
{{IPA key|H:IPA-DA}}
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Danish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
Transcriptions in articles are primarily based on the "distinct form" set out in {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}. Stress, stød, and vowel length are frequently lost in actual running speech.
See Danish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of the language.
{{Horizontal TOC}}
Key
style="vertical-align: top;"
| {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 1em;" |+ Vowels ! IPA ! Examples ! English approximation |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɑ̈|ɑ}}
| tak {{IPA|[ˈtsʰɑk]}} | art |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɑ̈|ɑː}}
| rane {{IPA|[ˈʁɑːnə]}} | father |
style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA link|ɒ|ʌ}}
| ånd {{IPA|[ˈʌnˀ]}} | somewhat like off |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ|ɒ}}
| normal {{IPA|[nɒˈmɛˀl]}} | off |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ|ɒː}}
| kort {{IPA|[ˈkʰɒːt]}} | dog |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|æ}}
| kat {{IPA|[ˈkʰæt]}} | bat |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|æː}}
| græde {{IPA|[ˈkʁæːðə]}} | bad |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|e̝}}
| bed {{IPA|[ˈpe̝ð]}} ('garden plot') | bit |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|e̝ː}}
| mene {{IPA|[ˈme̝ːnə]}} | bid |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|e}}
| ven {{IPA|[ˈven]}}, frisk {{IPA|[ˈfʁesk]}} | bait |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|eː}}
| mæle {{IPA|[ˈmeːlə]}} | bade |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɛ}}
| bær {{IPA|[ˈpɛɐ̯]}} | bet |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɛː}}
| gade {{IPA|[ˈkɛːðə]}} | bed |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|i}}
| tisse {{IPA|[ˈtsʰisə]}} | beat |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|iː}}
| mile {{IPA|[ˈmiːlə]}} | bead |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|o}}
| foto {{IPA|[ˈfoto]}} | story, but short |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|oː}}
| kone {{IPA|[ˈkʰoːnə]}} | story |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ̝|ɔ}}
| ost {{IPA|[ˈɔst]}} ('cheese') | RP thought |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ̝|ɔː}}
| måle {{IPA|[ˈmɔːlə]}} | RP law |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ø}}
| nød {{IPA|[ˈnøðˀ]}} | somewhat like hurt |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|øː}}
| løber {{IPA|[ˈløːpɐ]}} ('runner') | somewhat like herd |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|œ̝|œ}}
| bønne {{IPA|[ˈpœnə]}} | somewhat like hurt |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|œ̝|œː}}
| høne {{IPA|[ˈhœːnə]}} | somewhat like herd |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|œ|ɶ}}
| tør {{IPA|[ˈtsʰɶɐ̯ˀ]}} ('dry') | somewhat like but |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|œ|ɶː}}
| røre {{IPA|[ˈʁɶːɐ]}} | somewhat like bud |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|u}}
| ud {{IPA|[ˈuðˀ]}} | cool (short) |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|uː}}
| hule {{IPA|[ˈhuːlə]}} | cool (long) |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|y}}
| tyk {{IPA|[ˈtsʰyk]}} | somewhat like refute |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|yː}}
| synlig {{IPA|[ˈsyːnli]}} | somewhat like feud |
colspan="3" | Unstressed-only |
---|
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɐ}}
| løber {{IPA|[ˈløːpɐ]}} ('runner') | coda |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ð̩}}
| malet {{IPA|[ˈmɛːlð̩]}}{{refn|name=syllabic|{{IPA|/əð, əl, ən/}} become syllabic consonants {{IPA|[ð̩, l̩, m̩, n̩, ŋ̍]}} in a process known as schwa-assimilation ({{IPA|[m̩, ŋ̍]}} are variants of {{IPA|/ən/}}, assimilated to the place of the preceding consonant). The process also often affects {{IPA|/ə/}} after a long vowel or {{IPA|/ð, j, l, n, v/}}, but these types of assimilation are not as ubiquitous as, and are more contextually constrained than, the aforementioned combinations {{harvcol|Basbøll|2005|pp=293ff}}, so they are not reflected in transcription.}}{{refn|name=softd|For most speakers, the sound represented by {{IPA|[ð]}} is more accurately a velarized laminal alveolar approximant {{IPA|[ð̠˕ˠ]}}. Rarely, it is realized as a fricative.}} | the book (pronounced quickly) |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ə}}
| hoppe {{IPA|[ˈhʌpə]}} | focus |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|l̩}}
| gammel {{IPA|[ˈkɑml̩]}}{{refn|name=syllabic}} | bottle |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|m̩}}
| København {{IPA|[kʰøpm̩ˈhɑwˀn]}}{{refn|name=syllabic}} | rhythm |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n̩}}
| vinden {{IPA|[ˈve̝nˀn̩]}} ('the wind'){{refn|name=syllabic}} | sudden |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋ̍}}
| ryggen {{IPA|[ˈʁœkŋ̍]}}{{refn|name=syllabic}} | Washington |
colspan="3" | Non-native |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɑ̃}}
| assemblé {{IPA|[æsɑ̃ˈple̝]}} | US croissant |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɑ̃ː}}
| carte blanche {{IPA|[ˌkʰɑːt ˈplɑ̃ːɕ]}} | US croissant, but longer |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɒ̃}}
| impromptu {{IPA|[æ̃pʰʁɒ̃ˈtsʰy]}} | RP croissant |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|æ̃}}
| impromptu {{IPA|[æ̃pʰʁɒ̃ˈtsʰy]}} | coq au vin |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɶ̃}}
| eau de parfum {{IPA|[otəpʰɑˈfɶ̃]}} | somewhat like hung |
|
class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants ! IPA ! Examples ! English approximations |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɐ̯}}
| er {{IPA|[ˈɛɐ̯]}} | near |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɕ}}
| sjat {{IPA|[ˈɕæt]}} | ship |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɹ|ð}}
| øde {{IPA|[ˈøːðə]}}{{refn|name=softd}} | weather |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|f}}
| fod {{IPA|[ˈfoðˀ]}} | fan |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|h}}
| hat {{IPA|[ˈhæt]}} | heart |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|j}}
| jord {{IPA|[ˈjoɐ̯ˀ]}}, mig {{IPA|[ˈmɑj]}} | yawn |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|k}}
| god {{IPA|[ˈkoðˀ]}} | scar |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|kʰ}}
| kone {{IPA|[ˈkʰoːnə]}} | car |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|l}}
| lykke {{IPA|[ˈløkə]}} | lake |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|m}}
| mod {{IPA|[ˈmoðˀ]}} | man |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n}}
| node {{IPA|[ˈnoːðə]}} | nap |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}
| lang {{IPA|[ˈlɑŋˀ]}} | ring |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|p}}
| bog {{IPA|[ˈpɔwˀ]}} | spot |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|pʰ}}
| pol {{IPA|[ˈpʰoˀl]}} | pot |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʁ}}
| rød {{IPA|[ˈʁœðˀ]}} | French parler |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|s}}
| sod {{IPA|[ˈsoðˀ]}} | between sip and ship (retracted) |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|t}}
| dåb {{IPA|[ˈtɔˀp]}} | start |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|tɕ}}
| tjener {{IPA|[ˈtɕeːnɐ]}} | chin |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ts|tsʰ}}
| tak {{IPA|[ˈtsʰɑk]}} | tart |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʋ|v}}
| våd {{IPA|[ˈvɔðˀ]}} | very |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|w}}
| hav {{IPA|[ˈhɑw]}} ('ocean') | cow |
colspan="3" | Non-native |
---|
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ç}}
| liechtensteiner {{IPA|[ˈliçtn̩ˌstɑjnɐ]}} | hue |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɹ}}
| ragtime {{IPA|[ˈɹækˌtsʰɑjm]}} | right |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| nachspiel {{IPA|[ˈnɑχˌʃpiːl]}} | shine |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|θ}}
| thriller {{IPA|[ˈθɹilɐ]}} | thick |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|χ}}
| nachspiel {{IPA|[ˈnɑχˌʃpiːl]}} | Scottish loch |
class="wikitable"
! IPA ! Example ! Description |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ˈ ˌ}}
| husmor {{IPA|[ˈhusˌmoɐ̯]}} | stress (places before the stressed syllable){{refn|In Standard Copenhagen Danish, a stressed syllable has a lower pitch than the following unstressed syllable, which then has a high-falling pitch.}} |
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|◌̰|ˀ}}
| hun hund {{IPA|audio=DA-stød ex Hun Hund.ogg|[ˈhun ˈhunˀ]|help=no}} | stød{{refn|Stød, which is realized most often as creaky voice (found in English as the vocal fry register; {{angbr IPA|◌̰}} in standard IPA), can only occur after a long vowel or a sequence of a short vowel and {{IPA|[ð, j, l, m, n, ŋ, w, ɐ̯]}} in a stressed syllable. Phonologically long vowels with stød are shorter in realization, so they are transcribed as short in this guide (cf. pæn {{IPA|/ˈpɛːˀn/ [ˈpʰeˀn]}} 'nice', pen {{IPA|/ˈpɛnˀ/ [ˈpʰenˀ]}} 'pen').}} |
|}
Comparison of transcription schemes
Transcriptions of Danish in linguistic and lexicographic literature deviate from the standard IPA in many aspects to dispense with diacritics and to maintain resemblance to the Dania transcription, which was influential in the development of Danish linguistics and maintains resemblance to Danish orthography. The conventions of this guide, on the other hand, seek adherence to standard IPA usage as much as possible so that readers who are already familiar with the standard IPA do not have to look up or remember the value of each symbol in the Danish tradition.
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%;" |
class="nowrap" style="font-size: 80%;"
! Wiki- ! Example ! [https://ordnet.dk/ddo/artiklernes-opbygning/udtale Den ! [https://www.ordbogen.com/ Politikens ! Narrow |
colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Vowels |
---|
rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɑ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | takke, sejle | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɑ | class="IPA" | ɑ | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɑ | class="IPA" | α | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a | style="font-family: serif;" | α, α̇{{refn|name=alpha|Though indistinguishable in some fonts, {{angbr|1=α}} for {{IPA|[ɑ]}} is the italic Greek alpha, not the Latin alpha, {{angbr|1=ɑ}}, which represents {{IPA|[æ]}} in Dania.}} | style="font-family: serif;" | α{{refn|name=alpha}} | rowspan="2" | {{IPAblink|ɑ̈}} |
style="font-size: 80%;" | kræft
| class="IPA" | a | class="IPA" | æ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̈ | style="font-family: serif;" | ä |
class="IPA" | ɑː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | trane, arne | class="IPA" | ɑː | class="IPA" | ɑː | class="IPA" | ɑː | class="IPA" | αː | class="IPA" | aː | style="font-family: serif;" | α·{{refn|name=alpha}} | style="font-family: serif;" | α·{{refn|name=alpha}} | {{IPAblink|ɑ̈ː}} |
class="IPA" | ʌ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | måtte | class="IPA" | ʌ | class="IPA" | ʌ | class="IPA" | ʌ | class="IPA" | ʌ | class="IPA" | ɒ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ | {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̽}} |
class="IPA" | ɒ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | vor | class="IPA" | ɒ | class="IPA" | ɒ | class="IPA" | ɒ | class="IPA" | ɔ | class="IPA" | ɒ | style="font-family: serif;" | å{{refn|name=oblique|{{angbr|1=å}} for {{IPA|[ɒ]}} is oblique in print, but here shown in normal type because its italic form is indistinguishable from {{angbr|1=ɑ̊}}, which represents {{IPA|[ɔ]}}, in most serif fonts.}} | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | år{{refn|On Ordbogen.com, {{angbr|1=år}} represents {{IPA|[ɒː]}} when stressed and {{IPA|[ɒ]}} when unstressed.}} | {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɒ̝}} |
class="IPA" | ɒː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | tårne | class="IPA" | ɒː | class="IPA" | ɒː | class="IPA" | ɒː | class="IPA" | ɔː | class="IPA" | ɒː | style="font-family: serif;" | å·{{refn|name=oblique}} | {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɒ̝ː}} |
rowspan="2" class="IPA" | æ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | malle | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a | class="IPA" | a | class="IPA" | æ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ | style="font-family: serif;" | a | {{IPAblink|æ}} |
style="font-size: 80%;" | række
| class="IPA" | æ | class="IPA" | aɪ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̈ | style="font-family: serif;" | ä | {{IPAblink|a}} |
class="IPA" | æː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | græde | class="IPA" | aː | class="IPA" | aː | class="IPA" | ɑː{{refn|name=groennum|Grønnum describes the speech of younger speakers than do other sources. This key follows the latter, which describe varieties where {{IPA|[æː, œ, œː, u, uː]}} can follow {{IPA|[ʁ]}} and {{IPA|[eː]}} can precede {{IPA|[ɐ]}}.}} | class="IPA" | aː | class="IPA" | æː | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̈ð | style="font-family: serif;" | ä· | {{IPAblink|æː}} |
class="IPA" | e̝
| style="font-size: 80%;" | list | class="IPA" | e | class="IPA" | e | class="IPA" | e | class="IPA" | e | class="IPA" | e | style="font-family: serif;" | e | style="font-family: serif;" | e | {{IPAblink|e̝}} |
class="IPA" | e̝ː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mele | class="IPA" | eː | class="IPA" | eː | class="IPA" | eː | class="IPA" | eː | class="IPA" | eː | style="font-family: serif;" | e· | style="font-family: serif;" | e· | {{IPAblink|e̝ː}} |
rowspan="2" class="IPA" | e
| style="font-size: 80%;" | læst | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛ | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛ | class="IPA" | ɛ | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛ | class="IPA" | ɛ | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | æ | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | æ | {{IPAblink|e}} |
style="font-size: 80%;" | brist
| class="IPA" | æ | class="IPA" | æ | {{IPAblink|e̞}} |
rowspan="2" class="IPA" | eː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mæle, bære | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛː | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛː | class="IPA" | ɛː, æː{{refn|name=groennum}} | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛː | class="IPA" | ɛː, æː | style="font-family: serif;" | æ· | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | æ· | {{IPAblink|eː}} |
style="font-size: 80%;" | grene, kræse
| class="IPA" | æː | class="IPA" | æː | style="font-family: serif;" | æ·, æᶖ{{refn|name=i-hook}} | {{IPA|[e̞ː~e̞j]}} |
class="IPA" | ɛ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | bær | class="IPA" | æ | class="IPA" | æ | class="IPA" | æ | class="IPA" | æ | class="IPA" | æ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̇ | style="font-family: serif;" | ä | {{IPAblink|ɛ}} |
class="IPA" | ɛː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | male | class="IPA" | æː | class="IPA" | æː | class="IPA" | æː | class="IPA" | aː | class="IPA" | æː | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̇· | style="font-family: serif;" | a· | {{IPAblink|ɛː}} |
class="IPA" | i
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mis | class="IPA" | i | class="IPA" | i | class="IPA" | i | class="IPA" | i | class="IPA" | i | style="font-family: serif;" | i | style="font-family: serif;" | i | {{IPAblink|i}} |
class="IPA" | iː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mile | class="IPA" | iː | class="IPA" | iː | class="IPA" | iː | class="IPA" | iː | class="IPA" | iː | style="font-family: serif;" | i· | style="font-family: serif;" | i· | {{IPAblink|iː}} |
class="IPA" | o
| style="font-size: 80%;" | foto | class="IPA" | o | class="IPA" | o | class="IPA" | o | class="IPA" | o | class="IPA" | o | style="font-family: serif;" | o | style="font-family: serif;" | o | {{IPAblink|o̝}} |
class="IPA" | oː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mole | class="IPA" | oː | class="IPA" | oː | class="IPA" | oː | class="IPA" | oː | class="IPA" | oː | style="font-family: serif;" | o· | style="font-family: serif;" | o· | {{IPAblink|o̝ː}} |
class="IPA" | ɔ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ost | class="IPA" | ɔ | class="IPA" | ɔ | class="IPA" | ɔ | class="IPA" | å | class="IPA" | ɔ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̊ | style="font-family: serif;" | å | {{IPAblink|ɔ̽}} |
class="IPA" | ɔː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | måle | class="IPA" | ɔː | class="IPA" | ɔː | class="IPA" | ɔː | class="IPA" | åː | class="IPA" | ɔː | style="font-family: serif;" | ɑ̊· | style="font-family: serif;" | å· | {{IPAblink|ɔ̽ː}} |
class="IPA" | ø
| style="font-size: 80%;" | kys | class="IPA" | ø | class="IPA" | ø | class="IPA" | ø | class="IPA" | ø | class="IPA" | ø | style="font-family: serif;" | ø | style="font-family: serif;" | ø | {{IPAblink|ø}} |
class="IPA" | øː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | køle | class="IPA" | øː | class="IPA" | øː | class="IPA" | øː | class="IPA" | øː | class="IPA" | øː | style="font-family: serif;" | ø· | style="font-family: serif;" | ø· | {{IPAblink|øː}} |
class="IPA" | œ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | høns, grynt | class="IPA" | œ | class="IPA" | œ | class="IPA" | œ, œ̞{{refn|name=groennum}} | class="IPA" | ö | class="IPA" | œ | style="font-family: serif;" | ö | style="font-family: serif;" | ö | {{IPAblink|œ̝}} |
class="IPA" | œː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | høne, røbe | class="IPA" | œː | class="IPA" | œː | class="IPA" | œː, œ̞ː{{refn|name=groennum}} | class="IPA" | öː | class="IPA" | œː | style="font-family: serif;" | ö· | style="font-family: serif;" | ö· | {{IPAblink|œ̝ː}} |
rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | gør | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ | class="IPA" | œ̞ | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɔ̈ | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ̈ | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ̈ | {{IPAblink|œ}} |
style="font-size: 80%;" | grøn
| class="IPA" | ɶ | {{IPAblink|ɶ|ɶ̝}} |
class="IPA" | ɶː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | gøre | class="IPA" | ɶː | class="IPA" | ɶː | class="IPA" | œ̞ː | class="IPA" | ɔ̈ː | class="IPA" | ɶː | style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ̈· | style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ̈· | {{IPAblink|œː}} |
class="IPA" | u
| style="font-size: 80%;" | guld, brusk | class="IPA" | u | class="IPA" | u | class="IPA" | u, o{{refn|name=groennum}} | class="IPA" | u | class="IPA" | u | style="font-family: serif;" | u | style="font-family: serif;" | u | {{IPAblink|u}} |
class="IPA" | uː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mule, ruse | class="IPA" | uː | class="IPA" | uː | class="IPA" | uː, oː{{refn|name=groennum}} | class="IPA" | uː | class="IPA" | uː | style="font-family: serif;" | u· | style="font-family: serif;" | u· | {{IPAblink|uː}} |
class="IPA" | y
| style="font-size: 80%;" | lyt | class="IPA" | y | class="IPA" | y | class="IPA" | y | class="IPA" | y | class="IPA" | y | style="font-family: serif;" | y | style="font-family: serif;" | y | {{IPAblink|y}} |
class="IPA" | yː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | kyle | class="IPA" | yː | class="IPA" | yː | class="IPA" | yː | class="IPA" | yː | class="IPA" | yː | style="font-family: serif;" | y· | style="font-family: serif;" | y· | {{IPAblink|yː}} |
colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Unstressed-only |
class="IPA" | ɐ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | fatter | class="IPA" | ɐ | class="IPA" | ʌ | class="IPA" | ɐ | class="IPA" | ʌ | class="IPA" | ɐ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɔ | {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̽}} |
class="IPA" | ð̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | måned | class="IPA" | ð̩ | class="IPA" | əð | class="IPA" | ð̩ | class="IPA" | əð | class="IPA" | ɤ | style="font-family: serif;" | ð̩ | style="font-family: serif;" | əð | {{IPA|[ð̩˕˗ˠ]}} |
class="IPA" | ə
| style="font-size: 80%;" | hoppe | class="IPA" | ə | class="IPA" | ə | class="IPA" | ə | class="IPA" | ə | class="IPA" | ə | style="font-family: serif;" | ə | style="font-family: serif;" | ə | {{IPAblink|ə}} |
class="IPA" | l̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | gammel | class="IPA" | l̩ | class="IPA" | əl | class="IPA" | l̩ | class="IPA" | əl | class="IPA" | l | style="font-family: serif;" | l̩ | style="font-family: serif;" | əl | {{IPA|[l̩]}} |
class="IPA" | m̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | hoppen | class="IPA" | m̩ | rowspan="3" class="IPA" | ən | class="IPA" | m̩ | rowspan="3" class="IPA" | ən | class="IPA" | m | style="font-family: serif;" | m̩ | rowspan="3" style="font-family: serif;" | ən | {{IPA|[m̩]}} |
class="IPA" | n̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | hesten | class="IPA" | n̩ | class="IPA" | n̩ | class="IPA" | n | style="font-family: serif;" | n̩ | {{IPA|[n̩]}} |
class="IPA" | ŋ̍
| style="font-size: 80%;" | pakken | class="IPA" | ŋ̩ | class="IPA" | ŋ̩ | class="IPA" | ŋ | style="font-family: serif;" | ŋ̩ | {{IPA|[ŋ̍]}} |
colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Consonants |
class="IPA" | ɐ̯
| style="font-size: 80%;" | smør | class="IPA" | ɐ̯ | class="IPA" | ɐ̯ | class="IPA" | ɐ̯ | class="IPA" | ʀ | class="IPA" | ɐ | style="font-family: serif;" | ɹ | style="font-family: serif;" | r | {{IPA|[ɒ̯̽]}} |
class="IPA" | ɕ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | sjat | class="IPA" | ɕ | class="IPA" | ɕ | class="IPA" | ɕ | class="IPA" | ʃ | class="IPA" | ɕ | style="font-family: serif;" | ᶊ | style="font-family: serif;" | sj | {{IPAblink|ɕ}} |
class="IPA" | ð
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mad | class="IPA" | ð | class="IPA" | ð | class="IPA" | ð | class="IPA" | ð | class="IPA" | ɤ | style="font-family: serif;" | ð | style="font-family: serif;" | ð | {{IPAblink|ɹ|ð̠˕ˠ}} |
class="IPA" | f
| style="font-size: 80%;" | fisk | class="IPA" | f | class="IPA" | f | class="IPA" | f | class="IPA" | f | class="IPA" | f | style="font-family: serif;" | f | style="font-family: serif;" | f | {{IPAblink|f}} |
class="IPA" | h
| style="font-size: 80%;" | hus | class="IPA" | h | class="IPA" | h | class="IPA" | h | class="IPA" | h | class="IPA" | h | style="font-family: serif;" | h | style="font-family: serif;" | h | {{IPAblink|h}} |
rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j
| style="font-size: 80%;" | jul | class="IPA" | j | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j | rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j | class="IPA" | j | style="font-family: serif;" | j | rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | j | rowspan="2" | {{IPAblink|j}} |
style="font-size: 80%;" | mig
| class="IPA" | ɪ̯ | class="IPA" | ɪ | style="font-family: serif;" | ᶖ{{refn|name=i-hook|In print, the rightward hook in {{angbr|1=ᶖ}} extends directly from the stem of {{angbr|1=i}} (somewhat like {{angbr|1=ɭ̇}} but shorter).}} |
class="IPA" | k
| style="font-size: 80%;" | gås | class="IPA" | ɡ̊ | class="IPA" | ɡ | class="IPA" | ɡ̊ | class="IPA" | g | class="IPA" | k | style="font-family: serif;" | ɡ | style="font-family: serif;" | g | {{IPAblink|k}} |
class="IPA" | kʰ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | kål | class="IPA" | kʰ | class="IPA" | k | class="IPA" | kʰ | class="IPA" | k | class="IPA" | kʰ | style="font-family: serif;" | k | style="font-family: serif;" | k | {{IPA|[kʰ]}} |
class="IPA" | l
| style="font-size: 80%;" | lås | class="IPA" | l | class="IPA" | l | class="IPA" | l | class="IPA" | l | class="IPA" | l | style="font-family: serif;" | l | style="font-family: serif;" | l | {{IPAblink|l}} |
class="IPA" | m
| style="font-size: 80%;" | mus | class="IPA" | m | class="IPA" | m | class="IPA" | m | class="IPA" | m | class="IPA" | m | style="font-family: serif;" | m | style="font-family: serif;" | m | {{IPAblink|m}} |
class="IPA" | n
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ni | class="IPA" | n | class="IPA" | n | class="IPA" | n | class="IPA" | n | class="IPA" | n | style="font-family: serif;" | n | style="font-family: serif;" | n | {{IPAblink|n}} |
class="IPA" | ŋ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | perron | class="IPA" | ŋ | class="IPA" | ŋ | class="IPA" | ŋ | class="IPA" | ŋ | class="IPA" | ŋ | style="font-family: serif;" | ŋ | style="font-family: serif;" | ŋ | {{IPAblink|ŋ}} |
class="IPA" | p
| style="font-size: 80%;" | bål | class="IPA" | b̥ | class="IPA" | b | class="IPA" | b̥ | class="IPA" | b | class="IPA" | p | style="font-family: serif;" | b | style="font-family: serif;" | b | {{IPAblink|p}} |
class="IPA" | pʰ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | pille | class="IPA" | pʰ | class="IPA" | p | class="IPA" | pʰ | class="IPA" | p | class="IPA" | pʰ | style="font-family: serif;" | p | style="font-family: serif;" | p | {{IPA|[pʰ]}} |
class="IPA" | ʁ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | rose | class="IPA" | ʁ | class="IPA" | ʁ | class="IPA" | ʁ | class="IPA" | r | class="IPA" | ʁ | style="font-family: serif;" | r | style="font-family: serif;" | r | {{IPAblink|ʁ̞}} |
class="IPA" | s
| style="font-size: 80%;" | sæl | class="IPA" | s | class="IPA" | s | class="IPA" | s | class="IPA" | s | class="IPA" | s | style="font-family: serif;" | s | style="font-family: serif;" | s | {{IPAblink|s}} |
class="IPA" | t
| style="font-size: 80%;" | dåse | class="IPA" | d̥ | class="IPA" | d | class="IPA" | d̥ | class="IPA" | d | class="IPA" | t | style="font-family: serif;" | d | style="font-family: serif;" | d | {{IPAblink|t}} |
class="IPA" | tɕ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | tjene | class="IPA" | tˢj | class="IPA" | tj | class="IPA" | t͡ɕ | class="IPA" | tj | class="IPA" | tɕ | style="font-family: serif;" | tj | style="font-family: serif;" | tj | {{IPAblink|tɕ}} |
class="IPA" | tsʰ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | taske | class="IPA" | tˢ | class="IPA" | t | class="IPA" | tˢ | class="IPA" | t | class="IPA" | ts | style="font-family: serif;" | t | style="font-family: serif;" | t | {{IPAblink|ts|tsʰ}} |
class="IPA" | v
| style="font-size: 80%;" | vams | class="IPA" | v | class="IPA" | v | class="IPA" | v | class="IPA" | v | class="IPA" | v | style="font-family: serif;" | v | style="font-family: serif;" | v | {{IPAblink|ʋ}} |
class="IPA" | w
| style="font-size: 80%;" | hav | class="IPA" | ʊ̯ | class="IPA" | w | class="IPA" | w | class="IPA" | w | class="IPA" | ʊ | style="font-family: serif;" | w | style="font-family: serif;" | w | {{IPAblink|w}} |
colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Stød and stress |
class="IPA" | ˈtsʰiˀ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ti | class="IPA" | ˈtˢiːˀ | class="IPA" | ˈtiˀ | class="IPA" | ˈtˢiːˀ | class="IPA" | ˈtiːʼ | class="IPA" | ˈtsḭː | style="font-family: serif;" | ˈtiʼ | style="font-family: serif;" | ˈtiʼ | {{IPA|[ˈtsʰḭˑ]}} |
Notes
{{reflist|30em}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book
|last=Basbøll
|first=Hans
|author-link=Hans Basbøll
|year=2005
|title=The Phonology of Danish
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=0-203-97876-5
}}
- {{cite book
|last1=Brink
|first1=Lars
|last2=Lund
|first2=Jørn
|last3=Heger
|first3=Steffen
|last4=Jørgensen
|first4=J. Normann
|year=1991
|title=Den Store Danske Udtaleordbog
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=Munksgaard
|isbn=87-16-06649-9
}}
- {{cite book
|last=Grønnum
|first=Nina
|author-link=Nina Grønnum
|year=2005
|title=Fonetik og fonologi: almen og dansk
|edition=3rd
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=Akademisk Forlag
|isbn=87-500-3865-6
}}
- {{cite book
|last=Molbæk Hansen
|first=Peter
|year=1990
|title=Udtaleordbog
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=Gyldendal
|isbn=978-87-02-05895-6
}}
- {{cite book
|last1=Schachtenhaufen
|first1=Ruben
|last2=Ipsen
|first2=Michael Bach
|last3=Fabrin
|first3=Mikael
|year=2024
|title=Dansk Udtaleordbog: Contemporary Danish Pronunciation
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=Modersmål-Selskabet
|isbn=978-87-93708-95-2
}}
{{refend}}
See also
- {{clc|Pages with Danish IPA|pages}}
External links
- [https://en.udtaleordbog.dk/ Danish pronunciation dictionary] (uses its own IPA-based transcription scheme)
- [https://sproghistorie.dk/lydsystem/ Overview of the Danish sound system] {{spoken}}
{{IPA keys}}