Help:IPA/Gan Chinese

{{IPA key|H:IPA-GAN}}

The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Gan Chinese (贛語).

style="vertical-align:top;"

|

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Initial consonants

IPA{{efn-lr|name=phonology|The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 南昌方言词典 (1995).{{Cite book|title=南昌方言词典|last=熊正辉|date=1995|publisher=江苏教育出版社}} The romanization is based on 南昌話拼音方案 (2011).{{Cite news|title=南昌話拼音方案|url=https://www.douban.com/group/topic/23667828/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021082629/https://www.douban.com/group/topic/23667828/|archivedate=2023-10-21|last=高莽夏木|date=2011-11-22}}}}

! Pinyin{{efn-lr|name=phonology}}

! Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples|Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 南昌方言词典 (1995) and 南昌方言研究 (2007).{{cite book|title= 南昌方言研究|last= 张燕娣|publisher=文化艺术出版社|date=2007}}}}

{{IPAlink|ɕ}}

|x

| {{IPA|[ɕjɛn˨˩˧ it꜊ ɕjɛn˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip||Mandarin gloss: 差一點(出事)}}

{{IPAlink|f}}

|f

| {{IPA|[fɨt˨ tʰɛw꜊ tjɛn˦˨ law˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|頭顛腦|Mandarin gloss: 暈頭轉向}}

{{IPAlink|h}}

|h

| {{IPA|[ha˩ tɕiw˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|晝|Mandarin gloss: 下午}}

{{IPAlink|k}}

|g

| {{IPA|[kaj˨˩˧ waj˦˨ kaw꜊ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|子|Mandarin gloss: 勸架時偏袒一方}}

{{IPAlink|kʰ}}

|k

| {{IPA|[ho˨˦ u˨˩˧ laj˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|何來 |Mandarin gloss: 何必呢}}

{{IPAlink|l}}

|l

| {{IPA|[la˧˥ tɕʰjɛw˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|俏|Mandarin gloss: 認為對方非求自己不可, 故意不應允, 以抬高自己身分或者迫使對方答應某些條件 }}

{{IPAlink|m}}

|m

| {{IPA|[tsʰa˦˨ maw˧˥ tsʰaw˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|叉草 |Mandarin gloss: 筷子夾了過量的菜塞到嘴裏 }}

{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|ng

| {{IPA|[ŋjɛw˧˥ lɛt˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|熱|Mandarin gloss: 悶熱}}

{{IPAlink|ɲ}}{{efn-lr|name=sinological}}

|n

| {{IPA|[ɲit˥ tʰjɛn˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|天 |Mandarin gloss: 日照時間(的長短)}}

{{IPAlink|p}}

|b

| {{IPA|[pjɛn˧˥ ɕjɔŋ˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|相|Mandarin gloss: 人變差了, 變壞了, 變得不聽話了}}

{{IPAlink|pʰ}}

|p

| {{IPA|[ta˨˩˧ u˨˦ tɕʰiw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|打泅|Mandarin gloss: 狗扒式游泳}}

{{IPAlink|s}}

|s

| {{IPA|[ɲit˥ sɔŋ˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|日|Mandarin gloss: 白天}}

{{IPAlink|t}}

|d

| {{IPA|[it˥ ŋaj˦˨ taw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|一挨|Mandarin gloss: 動不動就}}

{{IPAlink|tɕ}}

|j

| {{IPA|[tɕʰjaʔ˥ iw˧˥ fan˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|吃飯|Mandarin gloss: 吃午飯 }}

{{IPAlink|tɕʰ}}

|q

| {{IPA|[tɕʰjaʔ˥ ka˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|價 |Mandarin gloss: (形容人/物)好, 了不起 }}

{{IPAlink|tʰ}}

|t

| {{IPA|[tjaʔ˥ ka꜊ aj˩ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|滴家子 |Mandarin gloss: (體積/年紀)不怎麼大}}

{{IPAlink|ts}}

|z

| {{IPA|[tsɔʔ˥ tʰjɛn˨˦ ko꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|田個|Mandarin gloss: 農民}}

{{IPAlink|tsʰ}}

|c

| {{IPA|[tsʰɔʔ˨ tɕʰi˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|氣|Mandarin gloss: 生氣}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Vowels

IPA{{efn-lr|name=phonology}}

! Pinyin{{efn-lr|name=phonology}}

! Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples}}

{{IPAlink|a}}

|a

| {{IPA|[ta˨˩˧ ma˨˩˧ ma꜊ tɕjɛn˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|打馬馬肩 |Mandarin gloss: 小孩兒騎在大人的脖子上}}

{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|j}}

|ai

| {{IPA|[ɲit˥ saj˧˥ ja˩ lu˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|日夜露 |Mandarin gloss: 指東西放在戶外多天, 白天太陽曬晚上露水浸}}

{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|w}}

|au

| {{IPA|[kaj˨˩˧ kaw˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|解|Mandarin gloss: 勸架}}

{{IPAlink|e}}

|e

| {{IPA|[he˨˩˧ ɲit˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|日|Mandarin gloss: 那天}}

{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|w}}

|eu

| {{IPA|[tsʰɔʔ˨ taw꜊ ljɛw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|着到|Mandarin gloss: 很熟悉的東西一下子怎麼也想不起來}}

{{IPAlink|i}}

|i

| {{IPA|[tʰi˨˩˧ tʰɛw˨˦]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|頭|Mandarin gloss: 理髮}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|a}}

|ia

| {{IPA|[tʰon˩ ja˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|斷|Mandarin gloss: 黃昏天色轉暗為夜晚的過程}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|e}}

|ie

| {{IPA|[tɕʰje˨˩˧ kwj˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|歸 |Mandarin gloss: 回家}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|u}}

|ieu

| {{IPA|[lɔʔ˥ kʰjɛw˨˩˧ ɕjɛw˦˨ jɔŋ˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|落口消烊|Mandarin gloss: (食物)入口即化}}

{{IPAlink|ɨ}}{{IPAlink|j}}

|i

| {{IPA|[fɨj˦˨ kwn˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|滾|Mandarin gloss: 非常燙}}

{{IPAlink|ɨ}}{{IPAlink|w}}

|eru

| {{IPA|[jaŋ˧˥ sɨw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|(得)贏|Mandarin gloss: 雙方交鋒之中佔便宜}}

{{IPAlink|i}}{{IPAlink|w}}

|iu

| {{IPA|[tiw˦˨ kɔŋ˦˨ kʰjɛw˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|江口 |Mandarin gloss: (尤其門派內)講暗語}}

{{IPAlink|o}}

|o

| {{IPA|[ko˨˩˧ sɿ꜊ kʰjɛt˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|時刻 |Mandarin gloss: 這會兒}}

{{IPAlink|ɵ}}

|er

| {{IPA|[ɵ˧˥ tɕin꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|今 |Mandarin gloss: 如今}}

{{IPAlink|ɹ̩}}{{efn-lr|name=sinological|In sinological phonetic notation, the IPA {{IPAblink|ɹ̩}} is represented as {{angbr IPA|ɿ}}, {{IPAblink|ɻ̩}} is represented as {{angbr IPA|ʅ}}, {{IPAblink|ɲ}} is represented as {{angbr IPA|ɲ}}.}}

|ii

| {{IPA|[sɨw˨˩˧ ɲɨɛt˥ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|手捏 |Mandarin gloss: 手絹兒}}

{{IPAlink|u}}

|u

| {{IPA|[tʰo˨˦ tʰu˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|馱|Mandarin gloss: 懷孕}}

{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|j}}

|ui

| {{IPA|[suj˧˥ mi꜊ tsɿ꜊ tsuj˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|米子 |Mandarin gloss: 形容人愛絮叨}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|a}}

|ua

| {{IPA|[wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsɔŋ˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|(渠)不張 |Mandarin gloss: 不聽話}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|j}}

|uai

| {{IPA|[kwaj˦˨ tsaj˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|崽 |Mandarin gloss: 乖孩子}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|o}}

|uo

| {{IPA|[ɕjaŋ˦˨ tsɿ꜊ kwo˧˥ uj˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|星子位|Mandarin gloss: 流星隕落}}

{{IPAlink|y}}

|yu

| {{IPA|[tɔʔ˥ y˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|涿|Mandarin gloss: 淋雨}}

{{IPAlink|ɥ}}{{IPAlink|e}}

|yue

| {{IPA|[tɕɥe˦˨ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|子|Mandarin gloss: 瘸子}}

|

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Final consonants

colspan="2" | IPA{{efn-lr|name=phonology}}

! rowspan="2"| Pinyin
{{efn-lr|name=phonology}}

! rowspan="2"|Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples}}

{{tooltip|FC|Consonants}}

! Rhyme

{{IPAlink|m}}

|/

| m

| {{IPA|[m ma]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|媽 |Mandarin gloss: 母親(面稱)}}

rowspan="12"
{{IPAlink|n}}

|/

| n

| {{IPA|[n˨˩˧ wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsɔʔ˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|話不着|Mandarin gloss: (附和對方的應答語)可不是嘛!}}

{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|an

| {{IPA|[tsa˦˨ san˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|遮|Mandarin gloss: 打傘(動詞)}}

{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|en

| {{IPA|[sɔŋ˩ lɛn˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|上|Mandarin gloss: 結冰}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|ien

| {{IPA|[tʰjɛn˦˨ fan˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|飯|Mandarin gloss: 盛飯}}

{{IPAlink|ɨ}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|ern

| {{IPA|[kʰaj˦˨ jɔŋ˧˥ fɨn˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|開洋|Mandarin gloss: 土包子第一次用過去沒見過的東西}}

{{IPAlink|i}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|in

| {{IPA|[pin˦˨ laŋ˨˩˧ suʔ tɕin˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|冷肅 |Mandarin gloss: 冷冷清清,毫不熱鬧}}

{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|on

| {{IPA|[pʰon˨˦ tɕin꜊ pʰon˨˦ tsʰɨt˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|進盤出 |Mandarin gloss: 折騰來折騰去}}

{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|un

| {{IPA|[pʰuʔ˨ taw꜊ kʰun˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|匐到 |Mandarin gloss: 趴着睡}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|uan

| {{IPA|[wan˧˥ fa˦˨ tʰɛw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|花頭 |Mandarin gloss: 耍花招}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|uon

| {{IPA|[ɕjɔʔ˥ suj˨˩˧ won꜊ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|削水子 |Mandarin gloss: 打水漂 }}

{{IPAlink|y}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|yun

| {{IPA|[ko˦˨ yn˩ tuj˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|歌隊 |Mandarin gloss: 合唱隊}}

{{IPAlink|ɥ}}{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|yuon

| {{IPA|[ɲit˥ tɕɥon˨˩˧ ja˩ pʰu˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|日夜鋪 |Mandarin gloss: 沒有固定床鋪, 晚上臨時搭個鋪}}

rowspan="9"
{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|/

|ng

| {{IPA|[ŋ˧˥ tsʰaj꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|菜 |Mandarin gloss: 空心菜}}

{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|ang

| {{IPA|[wa˩ pɨt꜊ ts˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|話不 |Mandarin gloss: (表達)不會說,說不好}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|jang

| {{IPA|[tɕʰjaʔ˥ ljaŋ˧˥ suj꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|吃碎 |Mandarin gloss: 吃零食}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɔ}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|iong

| {{IPA|[fɔʔ˥ sɛn꜊ ɲjɔŋ˧˥ ɲjɔŋ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|霍閃娘娘|Mandarin gloss: 掌管閃電的神明}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|iung

| {{IPA|[tʰo˨˦ ɕjuŋ˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|馱|Mandarin gloss: 捱罵. 熊(動詞/名詞), 嚴厲批評.}}

{{IPAlink|ɔ}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|ong

| {{IPA|[tɔŋ˦˨ tɕiw˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|晝|Mandarin gloss: 中午}}

{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|ung

| {{IPA|[mjɛn˨˦ m˩]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|眠|Mandarin gloss: 做夢}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|uang

| {{IPA|[waŋ˧˥ tsʰɨt꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|直|Mandarin gloss: 反正 }}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|ɔ}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|uong

| {{IPA|[tʰjɛn˦˨ kwɔŋ˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|天|Mandarin gloss: 天亮}}

rowspan="12"
{{IPAlink|t}}

|{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|at

| {{IPA|[kat˥ pan˨˩˧ tɕʰi˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|(受)板氣 |Mandarin gloss: 兩頭落埋怨}}

{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|et

| {{IPA|[laj˩ tɛt ho˨˦]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|奈(渠)何 |Mandarin gloss: 拿他沒辦法}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|iet

| {{IPA|[ŋaw˧˥ ljɛt꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|拗|Mandarin gloss: 桀驁不馴}}

{{IPAlink|i}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|it

| {{IPA|[ɲit˥ tʰɛw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|頭|Mandarin gloss: 太陽}}

{{IPAlink|ɨ}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|ert

| {{IPA|[pɨt˥ kan˦˨ pɨt˥ kaj˧˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|尬|Mandarin gloss: 不上不下}}

{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|ot

| {{IPA|[mot˨ tɕɥ˦˨ li˨˦]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|拘禮|Mandarin gloss: 請客吃飯的客套語}}

{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|ut

| {{IPA|[ŋa˦˨ pʰo꜊ ut˥ li꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|阿婆裏 |Mandarin gloss: 外婆家}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|uat

| {{IPA|[kwat˥ jɔŋ˧˥ fo˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|洋火 |Mandarin gloss: 劃火柴}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|ɛ}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|uet

| {{IPA|[kwɛt˥ ɲy˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|語(課) |Mandarin gloss: 語文課}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|uot

| {{IPA|[wot˨ fan꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|泛 |Mandarin gloss: 能隨機應變, 不變板}}

{{IPAlink|ɥ}}{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|yuot

| {{IPA|[ɕɥot˥ jɔŋ˧˥ ljɛw꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|烊了|Mandarin gloss: 化雪}}

{{IPAlink|ɥ}}{{IPAlink|t}}

|yt

| {{IPA|[tɕɥt˥ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|子 |Mandarin gloss: 橘子, 江西南豐縣特產}}

rowspan="6'
{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|ah

| {{IPA|[sat˥ pʰ˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|煞|Mandarin gloss: 很白}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|iah

| {{IPA|[tsʰa˦˨ tjaʔ˥ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|差子 |Mandarin gloss: 差點兒}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɔ}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|ioh

| {{IPA|[tɕjɔʔ˥ ku꜊ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|股子 |Mandarin gloss: 腿}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|iuh

| {{IPA|[ɕjuʔ˥ tʰɛw˨˦ fat꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|頭髮 |Mandarin gloss: 留頭髮}}

{{IPAlink|ɔ}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|oh

| {{IPA|[tsʰɔʔ˨ sɛt˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|嗇|Mandarin gloss: 捨不得}}

{{IPAlink|u}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|uh

| {{IPA|[tɕʰi˨˩˧ ˥]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|起 |Mandarin gloss: 蓋房子}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Tones

IPA
{{efn-lr|name=phonology}}

! Numeric
contours

! Tonal
categories

(sequence)

! Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples}}

{{IPA|˦˨}}

| ◌42

| 陰平 (◌1)

| {{IPA|[it˥ tsʰɨn˦˨ ka꜊ tsɿ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|一家子|Mandarin gloss: 一會兒 }}

{{IPA|˨˦}}

| ◌24

| 陽平 (◌2)

| {{IPA|[he˨˩˧ tsʰɔŋ˨˦ tsuŋ˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|許中|Mandarin gloss: 那時候 }}

{{IPA|˨˩˧}}

| ◌213

| 上 (◌3)

| {{IPA|[tjet˥ ljɛn˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|跌|Mandarin gloss: 丟臉}}

{{IPA|˧˥}}

| ◌35

| 陰去 (◌4)

| {{IPA|[tɛw˧˥ fuŋ˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|雨|Mandarin gloss: 冒雨}}

{{IPA|˩}}

| ◌11

| 陽去 (◌5)

| {{IPA|[tɔŋ˩ kaj˦˨]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|街|Mandarin gloss: 逛街}}

{{IPA|˥}}

| ◌55

| 陰入 (◌6)

| {{IPA|[tsʰɨt˥ kuj˨˩˧]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|鬼|Mandarin gloss: 蹊蹺,奇怪了}}

{{IPA|˨}}

| ◌22

| 陽入 (◌7)

| {{IPA|[jɛt˨ paŋ꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|膀|Mandarin gloss: 翅膀}}

{{IPA|}}

| ◌0

| 輕 (◌0)

| {{IPA|[ta˨˩˧ saw˧˥ kʰa꜊]|tooltip=}} {{tooltip|打臊 |Mandarin gloss: (小孩子)不穿褲子}}

|}

Notes

{{notelist-lr}}

References

{{reflist}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Gan Chinese IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}