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Help:IPA/Gujarati

{{IPA key|H:IPA-GU}}

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Gujarati phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.

style="background:none;"

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4"| Consonants

IPAGujaratiIASTEnglish approximation
{{IPAlink|b}}

| બ

bstyle="text-align:left;" | bat
{{IPA|bʱ}}

| ભ

bhstyle="text-align:left;" | clubhouse
{{IPA|β}}

| ભ

bhstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like averse
{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}

| દ

dstyle="text-align:left;" | dog
{{IPA|ð}}

| ધ

dhstyle="text-align:left;" | other
{{IPA|dʱ}}

| ધ

dhstyle="text-align:left;" | redhead
{{IPAlink|ɖ}}

| ડ

ḍstyle="text-align:left;" | American English bird
{{IPA|ɖʱ}}

| ઢ

ḍhstyle="text-align:left;" | American English birdhouse
{{IPAlink|dʒ}}

| જ

jstyle="text-align:left;" | jack
{{IPA|dʒʱ}}

| ઝ

zstyle="text-align:left;" | hedgehog
{{IPA|f}}

| ફ

phstyle="text-align:left;" | afraid
{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

| ગ

gstyle="text-align:left;" | gate
{{IPA|ɡʱ}}

| ઘ

ghstyle="text-align:left;" | loghouse
{{IPA|ɣ}}The voiced aspirated stops {{IPA|/ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/}} and {{IPA|/pʰ/}} have spirant allophones {{IPA|[ɣ, ð, β, f]}}.{{Harvcoltxt|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=665}}

| ઘ

ghstyle="text-align:left;" | go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
{{IPAlink|h}}

| ઃ

ḥstyle="text-align:left;" | head
{{IPAlink|ɦ}}

| હ

hstyle="text-align:left;" | ahead
{{IPAlink|j}}

| ય

ystyle="text-align:left;" | yak
{{IPAlink|k}}

| ક

kstyle="text-align:left;" | scold
{{IPA|kʰ}}

| ખ

khstyle="text-align:left;" | cold
{{IPAlink|l}}

| લ

lstyle="text-align:left;" | leaf
{{IPAlink|ɭ}}

| ળ

lstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like Merlin
{{IPAlink|m}}

| મ

mstyle="text-align:left;" | much
{{IPAlink|n}}

| ન

nstyle="text-align:left;" | not
{{IPAlink|ɳ}}

| ણ

ṇstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like burner
{{IPAlink|ɲ}}

| ઞ

ñstyle="text-align:left;" | canyon
{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

| ઙ

ṅstyle="text-align:left;" | bank
{{IPAlink|p}}

| પ

pstyle="text-align:left;" | span
{{IPA|pʰ}}

| ફ

phstyle="text-align:left;" | pan
{{IPAlink|ɾ}}

| ર

rstyle="text-align:left;" | atom (American English)
{{IPAlink|ɽ}}The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal {{IPA|/ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/}} have flapped allophones {{IPA|[ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]}}. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.{{Harvcoltxt|Mistry|1997|p=659}} The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.{{Harvcoltxt|Masica|1991|p=97}}.

| ડ

ḍstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like murder
{{IPA|ɽʱ}}

| ઢ

ḍhstyle="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
{{IPA|ɽ̃}}

| ણ

ṇstyle="text-align:left;" | as above, but nasal
{{IPAlink|s̪|s}}While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions {{IPA|[ʃ]}} appears contiguous with palatal segments and {{IPA|[ʂ]}} appears before retroflex consonants: {{IPA|[spəʂʈ]}} ('clear').{{Harvcoltxt|Mistry|1997|p=658}}

| સ

sstyle="text-align:left;" | sue
{{IPAlink|ʂ}}

| ષ

ṣstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like worship
{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

| શ

śstyle="text-align:left;" | sheep
{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}

| ત

tstyle="text-align:left;" | stop
{{IPA|tʰ}}

| થ

thstyle="text-align:left;" | top
{{IPAlink|ʈ}}

| ટ

ṭstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like court
ʈʰ

| ઠ

ṭhstyle="text-align:left;" | somewhat like tree
{{IPAlink|tʃ}}

| ચ

cstyle="text-align:left;" | catch
{{IPA|tʃʰ}}

| છ

chstyle="text-align:left;" | cheese
{{IPAlink|ʋ}}

| વ

vstyle="text-align:left;" | vine

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4"| Vowels

IPAGujaratiIASTEnglish approximation
{{IPAlink|ɑ}}

| આ, કા

āstyle="text-align:left;" | bra
{{IPAlink|æ}}

|

style="text-align:left;" | cash
{{IPAlink|e}}

| એ, કે

estyle="text-align:left;" | pay
{{IPAlink|ɛ}}

| ઍ, કૅ

âstyle="text-align:left;" | bed
{{IPAlink|ə}}

| અ, ક

astyle="text-align:left;" | about
{{IPAlink|i}}

| ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી

istyle="text-align:left;" | see
{{IPAlink|o}}

| ઓ, કો

ostyle="text-align:left;" | story
{{IPAlink|ɔ}}

| ઑ, કૉ

ôstyle="text-align:left;" | off
{{IPAlink|u}}

| ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ

ustyle="text-align:left;" | cool
{{IPA|əj}}

| ઐ, કૈ

aistyle="text-align:left;" | kite
{{IPA|əʋ}}

| ઔ, કૌ

austyle="text-align:left;" | house


class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4"| Other symbols

IPAGujaratiIASTNotes
{{IPAlink|◌̃}}

| ં

ṃstyle="text-align:left;" | nasal vowel ({{IPA|[õː]}}, etc.)
{{IPAlink|◌̤}}

| ◌̤

style="text-align:left;" | murmured vowelGujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}}.{{Harvcoltxt|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=662}} {{Harvcoltxt|Mistry|2003|p=116}}.
{{IPAlink|ː}}

|

|

|Length: Vowels are long when nasal (e.g. {{IPA|[moʈʈũː]}}

{{IPAlink|ˈ}}

|

|

| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | stress
(placed before stressed syllable)

|}

Notes

References

  • {{citation

| last1= Cardona

| first1= George

| year= 2003

| authorlink1= George Cardona

| last2= Suthar

| first2= Babu

| authorlink2= Babu Suthar

| chapter= Gujarati

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA659&dq=indo-aryan+languages

| editor1-last= Cardona

| editor1-first= George

| editor2-last= Jain

| editor2-first= Dhanesh

| title= The Indo-Aryan Languages

| publisher= Routledge

| isbn= 978-0-415-77294-5

}}

  • {{citation

| last= Masica

| first= Colin

| authorlink= Colin Masica

| year= 1991

| title= The Indo-Aryan Languages

| place= Cambridge

| publisher= Cambridge University Press

| isbn= 978-0-521-29944-2

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages

}}

  • {{citation

| last= Mistry

| first= P.J.

| year= 1997

| chapter= Gujarati Phonology

| editor-last= Kaye

| editor-first= A.S

| title= Phonologies of Asia and Africa

| place= Winona Lake

| publisher= Eisenbrauns

| isbn = 1-57506-019-1

}}

  • {{citation

| last= Mistry

| first= P.J.

| year= 2003

| chapter= Gujarati

| editor-last= Frawley

| editor-first= William

| title= International Encyclopedia of Linguistics

| edition= 2nd

| place= Oxford

| publisher= Oxford University Press

| volume= 2

| isbn = 0-19-516784-8

}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Gujarati IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}