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Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic

{{IPA key|H:IPA-ACW|H:IPAHA|sort=Arabic, Hejazi}}

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hejazi Arabic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

The romanization of the examples is based on the romanization system used on Wiktionary.

See Hejazi Arabic phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Urban Hejazi Arabic.

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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="5" | Consonants

IPA

! Arabic letter

! Example

! Romanization

English approximation
{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ء}}, {{lang|ar|أ}}, {{lang|ar|إ}}, {{lang|ar|ؤ}}, {{lang|ar|ئ}}

| {{lang|ar|سَأَل}}

|saʔal

| style="text-align: left;" | uh-(ʔ)oh

{{IPAlink|ʕ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ع}}

| {{lang|ar|عين}}

|ʕēn

| style="text-align: left;" | no equivalent

{{IPAlink|b}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ب}}

| {{lang|ar|بِسَّة}}

|bissa

| style="text-align: left;" | bike

{{IPAlink|d}}

| {{lang|ar|د}}
{{lang|ar|ذ}}{{angbr|ذ}} represents {{IPA|/d/}} as in ذيل {{IPA|/deːl/}} & ذكر {{IPA|/dakar/}} or {{IPA|/z/}} as in ذكي {{IPA|/zaki/}}, but the classical phoneme {{IPA|/ð/}} is still used depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology

| {{lang|ar|دُب}}
{{lang|ar|(ذيل)}}

|dubb (dēl or ḏēl)

| style="text-align: left;" | done

{{IPA link|dˤ}}

| {{lang|ar|ض}}
{{lang|ar|ظ}}{{angbr|ظ}} represents {{IPA|/dˤ/}} as in ظفر {{IPA|/dˤifir/}} & ظل {{IPA|/dˤilː/}} or {{IPA|/zˤ/}} as in ظرف {{IPA|/zˤarf/}}, but the classical phoneme {{IPA|/ðˤ/}} is still used depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology.

| {{lang|ar|ضَب}}
{{lang|ar|(ظِفِر)}}

|ḍabb (ḍifir or ẓifir)

| style="text-align: left;" |emphatic {{IPAslink|d}}

{{IPAlink|dʒ}}the affricate {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} {{angbr|ج}} is realised as a {{IPAblink|ʒ}} (English s in pleasure) by a number of speakers or in a number of words.

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ج}}

| {{lang|ar|جَريدة}}

|jarīda

| style="text-align: left;" | job or vision

{{IPAlink|ð}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ذ}}

| {{lang|ar|ذَكَر}}

|ḏakar or dakar

| style="text-align: left;" | this

{{IPAlink|f}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ف}}

| {{lang|ar|فين}}

|fēn

| style="text-align: left;" | fast

{{IPAlink|ɡ}}

| rowspan="2" style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ق}}

| {{lang|ar|قَمَر}}

|gamar

| style="text-align: left;" | gas

{{IPAlink|q}}{{IPA|[q]}} is an allophone of /ɡ/ ⟨ق⟩ as in {{lang|ar|اِسْتِقْلال}} which can pronounced {{IPA|[ɪstɪqlaːl]}} or {{IPA|[ɪstɪglaːl]}}. It occurs in a number of phrases and words due to the influence of Modern Standard Arabic.

|{{lang|ar|اِسْتِقْلال}}

|istiglāl or istiqlāl

| style="text-align: left;" | cat, but uvular

{{IPA link|h}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|هـ}}

|{{lang|ar|هادي}}

|hādi

| style="text-align: left;" |hat

{{IPA link|ħ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ح}}

| {{lang|ar|حَر}}

|ḥarr

| style="text-align: left;" | hat, but pharyngeal

{{IPA link|j}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ي}}

| {{lang|ar|يَد}}

|yadd

| style="text-align: left;" |yes

{{IPAlink|k}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ك}}

| {{lang|ar|كَلْب}}

|kalb

| style="text-align: left;" | cat

{{IPAlink|l}}

| rowspan="2" style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ل}}

| {{lang|ar|لون}}

|lōn

| style="text-align: left;" | lip (clear l)

{{IPA link|ɫ}}The marginal phoneme {{IPA|/ɫ/}} only occurs in the word {{lang|ar|الله}} {{IPA|/aɫɫaːh/}} ('god') and words derived from it, such as {{lang|ar|يلا}} {{IPA|/jaɫɫa/}} "come on", they contrast in والله /waɫɫa/ ('i swear') vs. ولَّا /walla/ ('or').

| {{lang|ar|الله}}

|allāh

| style="text-align: left;" | peel (dark l)

{{IPAlink|m}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|م}}

|{{lang|ar|موية}}

|mōya

| style="text-align: left;" |mother

{{IPAlink|n}}{{IPA|[ŋ]}} is an allophone of /n/ ⟨ن⟩ before velar stops ⟨ق ,ك⟩ /k, ɡ/ as in {{lang|ar|اَنْكَب}} {{IPA|[aŋkab]}} or {{lang|ar|مِنقَل}} {{IPA|[mɪŋɡal]}}, and {{IPA|[ɱ]}} is an allophone before ⟨ف⟩ /f/ as in {{lang|ar|قُرُنْفُل}} {{IPA|[gʊrʊɱfʊl]}}.{{citation needed|date=17 December 2022|reason=The only user who made that claim is user:User:عربي-٣١ who is currently blocked. If someone knows at least one source that agrees with that claim, that only Hejazi Arabic among all other Arabic dialects to have these allophones, please enlighten us.}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ن}}

| {{lang|ar|نوم}}

|nōm

| style="text-align: left;" | nest

{{IPA link|θ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ث}}{{angbr|ث}} represents {{IPA|/t/}} as in ثوب {{IPA|/toːb/}} & ثواب {{IPA|/tawaːb/}} or {{IPA|/s/}} as in ثابت {{IPA|/saːbit/}}, but the classical phoneme {{IPA|/θ/}} is still used depending on the speaker. check Hejazi Arabic phonology

| {{lang|ar|ثَوَاب}}

|ṯawāb or tawāb

| style="text-align: left;" | think

{{IPA link|r}}the trill {{IPA|/r/}} {{angbr|ر}} is realised as a tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} by a number of speakers or in a number of words.

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ر}}

| {{lang|ar|راس}}

|rās

| style="text-align: left;" |trilled r or atom (with flapping)

{{IPAlink|s}}

| {{lang|ar|س}}
{{lang|ar|ث}}

| {{lang|ar|سَرير}}
{{lang|ar|(ثابِت)}}

|sarīr (sābit or ṯābit)

| style="text-align: left;" |sorry

{{IPAlink|sˤ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ص}}

| {{lang|ar|صَبّار}}

|ṣabbār

| style="text-align: left;" |emphatic {{IPAslink|s}}

{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ش}}

| {{lang|ar|شَمْس}}

|šams

| style="text-align: left;" |ship

{{IPAlink|t}}

| {{lang|ar|ت}}
{{lang|ar|ث}}

| {{lang|ar|تَمُر}}
{{lang|ar|(ثوب)}}

|tamur (tōb or ṯōb)

| style="text-align: left;" | star

{{IPA link|tˤ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ط}}

| {{lang|ar|طير}}

|ṭēr

| style="text-align: left;" |emphatic {{IPAslink|t}}

{{IPA link|w}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|و}}

| {{lang|ar|وَرَقة}}

|waraga

| style="text-align: left;" |water

{{IPA link|x}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|خ}}

| {{lang|ar|خَس}}

|ḵass

| style="text-align: left;" | loch (Scottish)

{{IPA link|ɣ}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|غ}}

| {{lang|ar|غَريب}}

|ḡarīb

| style="text-align: left;" |French r but softer

{{IPAlink|z}}

| {{lang|ar|ز}}
{{lang|ar|ذ}}

| {{lang|ar|زِر}}
{{lang|ar|(ذَكي)}}

|zirr (zaki or ḏaki)

| style="text-align: left;" |zebra

{{IPAlink|zˤ}}

| rowspan="2" style="font-size: larger;" |{{lang|ar|ظ}}

|{{lang|ar|ظَرْف}}

|ẓarf

| style="text-align: left;" |emphatic {{IPAslink|z}}

{{IPAlink|ðˤ}}

|{{lang|ar|ظِل}}

|ḍill or ẓill

| style="text-align: left;" | emphatic {{IPAslink|ð}}

colspan="5" | Non-native ConsonantsThe phonemes {{IPA|/p/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} are only found in loanwords and they can be substituted by {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/f/}} respectively depending on the speaker
{{IPAlink|p}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|پ}}, {{lang|ar|ب}}

| {{lang|ar|پيتزا}} or {{lang|ar|بيتزا}}

| pītza or bītza

| style="text-align: left;" | put

{{IPAlink|v}}

| style="font-size: larger;" | {{lang|ar|ڤ}}, {{lang|ar|ف}}

| {{lang|ar|ڤيروس}} or {{lang|ar|فيروس}}

| vayrūs or fayrūs

| style="text-align: left;" | view

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class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Vowels

IPA

! Example

! Romanization

English approximation
colspan="4" | Monophthongs
{{IPAlink|a}}

| {{lang|ar|فَم}}

| famm

| style="text-align: left;" | cat

{{IPAlink|ʊ|ʊ}}

|{{lang|ar|حُب}}Word initial and medial {{IPA|/u/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[ʊ] or less likely [o̞]}} as in {{lang|ar|حُب}} {{IPA|[ħʊb]}}, but strictly pronounced {{IPAblink|u}} at the end of words as in {{lang|ar|قبو}} {{IPA|[gabu]}}, and before {{IPA|/w/}} as in {{lang|ar|هُوَّ}} {{IPA|[huwːa]}}. All are allophones of the phoneme {{IPA|/u/}}.

|ḥubb

| style="text-align: left;" | put or more (short)

{{IPAlink|u}}

|{{lang|ar|قَبُو}}

|gabu

| style="text-align: left;" | cool (short)

{{IPAlink|ɪ|ɪ}}

|{{lang|ar|سِر}}Word initial and medial {{IPA|/i/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[ɪ] or less likely [e̞]}} as in {{lang|ar|سِرّ}} {{IPA|[sɪr]}}, but strictly pronounced {{IPAblink|i}} at the end of words as in {{lang|ar|مدري}} {{IPA|[madri]}}, and before {{IPA|/j/}} as in {{lang|ar|هِيَّ}} {{IPA|[hijːa]}}. All are allophones of the phoneme {{IPA|/i/}}.

|sirr

| style="text-align: left;" | sit (or like set)

{{IPAlink|i}}

|{{lang|ar|مَدْرِي}}

|madri

| style="text-align: left;" | nee'd (short)

{{IPAlink|aː}}{{IPAblink|ɑ}} is an allophone for {{IPA|/aː/}} and {{IPA|/a/}} for a number of speakers in some words, such as {{lang|acw|ألمانيا}} [almɑːnja] ('Germany'), {{lang|acw|ماما}} [mɑːmɑ] ('mom'), {{lang|acw|بابا}} [bɑːbɑ] ('dad') and {{lang|acw|يابان}} [jaːbɑːn] ('Japan').

|{{lang|ar|نار}}

| nār

| style="text-align: left;" | father

{{IPAlink|uː}}

| {{lang|ar|نور}}

| nūr

| style="text-align: left;" | cool (long)

{{IPAlink|o̞|oː}}

| {{lang|ar|صوت}}

| ṣōt

| style="text-align: left;" | more (long)

{{IPAlink|iː}}

| {{lang|ar|مين}}

| mīn

| style="text-align: left;" | need (long)

{{IPAlink|e̞|eː}}

| {{lang|ar|بيت}}

| bēt

| style="text-align: left;" | hair

colspan="4" | Diphthongs
{{IPA|aw}}

| {{lang|ar|دَوْري}}

| dawri

| style="text-align: left;" | how

{{IPA|aj}}

| {{lang|ar|لَيْمون}}

| laymūn

| style="text-align: left;" | tie

{{IPA|iw}}

|{{lang|ar|تِوْقَف}}

|tiwgaf

| style="text-align: left;" | goat (RP)

{{IPA|ij}}

|{{lang|ar|بِيْقول}}

|biygūl

| style="text-align: left;" | hey

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Suprasegmentals

IPA

! examples

! colspan="2" | Explanation

{{IPAlink|ˈ}}

| {{lang|ar|يوم}} /ˈjoːm/ ("day")

| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | Indicates that the following syllable is stressed.

{{IPAlink|ː}}

| {{lang|ar|سَكِّينَة}} /sakˈkiːna/ ("knife")

| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | Indicates a long vowel or a geminate consonant.

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Notes

{{reflist}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Hejazi Arabic IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}