Help:IPA/Italian

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! colspan="3" | ConsonantsExcept {{IPAslink|z}}, all consonants after a vowel and before {{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|/l/}}, a vowel or a semivowel may be geminated. Gemination in IPA is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto {{IPA|[ˈfatto]}}, mezzo {{IPA|[ˈmɛddzo]}}), and can usually be told from orthography. After stressed vowels and certain prepositions and conjunctions, word-initial consonants also become geminated (syntactic gemination): va via {{IPA|[ˌva vˈviːa]}}.

| banca, cibo

| about

| dove, idra, dado

| today

| zaino, azalea, mezzo{{angbr|z}} represents both {{IPA|/ts/}} and {{IPA|/dz/}}. The article on Italian orthography explains how they are used.

| dads

| gelo, giù, magia

| job

| fatto, cifra, fon

| fast

| gatto, agro, ghetto, glicosio{{angbr|gli}} represents {{IPA|/ʎ/}} or {{IPA|/ʎi/}}, except in roots of Greek origin, when preceded by another consonant, and in a few other words, where it represents {{IPA|/ɡli/}}.

| again

| cosa, acuto, finché, quei, kiwi, koala

| scar

| lato, tela, glicosio

| ladder

| figli, glielo, maglia{{IPA|/ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ/}} are always geminated after a vowel.

| billion

| mano, amareA nasal always assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant. It is bilabial {{IPA|[m]}} before {{IPA|/p, b, m/}}, labiodental {{IPA|[ɱ]}} before {{IPA|/f, v/}}, dental, alveolar or postalveolar {{IPA|[n]}} before {{IPA|/t, d, ts, dz, tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, l, r/}}, and velar {{IPA|[ŋ]}} before {{IPA|/k, ɡ/}}. Utterance-finally, it is always {{IPA|[n]}}.

| mother

|anfibio, invece

|comfort

| nano, punto, pensare, mangiare

| nest

| unghia, anche, dunque

| sing

| gnocco, ogni

| canyon

| primo, ampio, apertura

| spin

| Roma, quattro, morteNon-geminate {{IPA|/r/}} is generally realised as a monovibrant trill or flap {{IPAblink|ɾ}}, particularly in unstressed syllables.

| trilled r

| sano, scusa, presentire, pasto{{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} contrast only intervocalically. Word-initially, after consonants, when geminated, and before voiceless consonants, only {{IPA|[s]}} is found. Before voiced consonants, only {{IPA|[z]}} is found.

| sorry

| scena, scià, pesci

| shoe

| tranne, mito, altro

| star

| zio, sozzo, marzo

| cats

| certo, ciao, farmacia

| check

| vado, povero

| vent

| sbirro, presentare, asma

| amazon

| hobby, hertz{{IPA|/h/}} is usually dropped.

| house

| Thatcher, Pérez{{IPA|/θ/}} is usually pronounced as {{IPAblink|t̪|t}} in English loanwords, and {{IPAblink|d̪͡z̪|dz}}, {{IPAblink|t̪͡s̪|ts}} (if spelled {{angbr|z}}) or {{IPAblink|s̪|s}} (if spelled {{angbr|c}} or {{angbr|z}}) in Spanish ones.

| thing

| jota, Bach, khamsinIn Spanish loanwords, {{IPA|/x/}} is usually pronounced as {{IPAblink|h}} or {{IPAblink|k}} or dropped. In German, Arabic and Russian ones, it is usually pronounced {{IPAblink|k}}.

| loch (Scottish English)

| Fuji, garage, casual

| vision

! colspan="3" | VowelsItalian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels {{IPA|/ɛ, ɔ/}} can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto {{IPA|[koˈpɛrto]}}, quota {{IPA|[ˈkwɔːta]}}), close-mid vowels {{IPA|/e, o/}} are found elsewhere (Boccaccio {{IPA|[bokˈkattʃo]}}, amore {{IPA|[aˈmoːre]}}). Close and open vowels {{IPA|/i, u, a/}} are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed {{IPA|/i/}} may become approximant {{IPAblink|j}} before vowels, which is known as synalepha (pari età {{IPA|[ˌparj eˈta]}}).

| alto, sarà

| fast (Scottish English)

| vero, perché

| fade

| etto, cioè

| bed

| viso, sì, zia

|ski

| ombra, otto

| story

| otto, sarò

| off

| usi, ragù, tuo

| rule

| viveur, goethiano, ChurchillOpen-mid {{IPAblink|œ}} or close-mid {{IPAblink|ø}} if it is stressed but usually {{IPAblink|ø}} if it is unstressed. May be replaced by {{IPAblink|ɛ}} (stressed) or {{IPAblink|e}} (stressed or unstressed).

| murder (RP)

| parure, brûlé, Führer{{IPA|/y/}} is often pronounced as {{IPAblink|u}} or [{{IPA link|j}}{{IPA link|u}}].

| future (Scottish English)

| ieri, saio, più, Jesi

| yes

| uova, guado, qui

| wine

| Cennini {{IPA|[tʃenˈniːni]}}

| primary stress

| altamente {{IPA|[ˌaltaˈmente]}}

| secondary stressSince Italian has no distinction between heavier or lighter vowels (like the English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.

| continuo {{IPA|[konˈtiːnu.o]}}

| syllable break

| primo {{IPA|[ˈpriːmo]}}

| long vowelPrimarily stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables: fato {{IPA|[ˈfaːto]}}, fatto {{IPA|[ˈfatto]}}.