Help:IPA/Luxembourgish

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{| class="wikitable"

! colspan="3" | Consonants

| {{lang|lb|Been}} {{IPA|[beːn]}}Word-finally, the voiceless-voiced distinction in the obstruent pairs {{IPA|[p–b, t–d, k–ɡ, ts–dz, tʃ–dʒ, f–v, s–z, ɕ–ʑ, ʃ–ʒ, χ–ʁ]}} is neutralized, mostly in favor of the voiceless obstruents, but see the table titled Suprasegmentals ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=68}}).

| ball

| {{lang|lb|liicht}} {{IPA|[liːɕt]}}, {{lang|lb|Bieg}} {{IPA|[bi̯əɕ]}}

|she, but more of a y-like sound

| {{lang|lb|Iddi}} {{IPA|[ˈidi]}}

| done

| {{lang|lb|Fësch}} {{IPA|[fəʃ]}}

| fuss

| {{lang|lb|Gitt}} {{IPA|[ɡit]}}

| guest

| {{lang|lb|hei}} {{IPA|[hɑɪ̯]}}

| hut

| {{lang|lb|Jong}} {{IPA|[joŋ]}}, {{lang|lb|bëllegen}} {{IPA|[ˈbələjən]}}The alveolo-palatal fricative {{IPAblink|ʑ}} is weakened to an approximant {{IPAblink|j}} when both unstressed and intervocalic between {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ə̹|ə}}, i̯ə, u̯ə]}} and {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ə̹|ə}}, {{IPAplink|ɐ}}]}}. The approximant realization is not subjected to merging with {{IPA|/ʒ/}}.

| yard

| {{lang|lb|Kiischt}} {{IPA|[kiːʃt]}}

| cold

| {{lang|lb|liesen}} {{IPA|[ˈli̯əzən]}}

| last

| {{lang|lb|Maul}} {{IPA|[mæːʊ̯l]}}

| must

| {{lang|lb|Nues}} {{IPA|[nu̯əs]}}

| not

| {{lang|lb|eng}} {{IPA|[eŋ]}}

| long

| {{lang|lb|Paart}} {{IPA|[paːχt]}}

| puck

| {{lang|lb|Rou}} {{IPA|[ʀəʊ̯]}}, {{lang|lb|Comptoir}} {{IPA|[ˈkõːtwaːʀ]}}The {{IPA|/ʀ/}} phoneme is realized as a trill {{IPAblink|ʀ}} when it is prevocalic within the same word and, in French loanwords, often also in contexts in which it is vocalized in native words ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=68, 71}}).

| rowspan="2" | Northumbrian burr

| {{lang|lb|Kugel}} {{IPA|[ˈkuːʁəl]}},Both {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}]}} and {{IPA|[{{IPA link|χ}}, {{IPA link|ʁ}}]}} are allophones of {{IPA|/χ, ʁ/}}. {{IPA|[{{IPA link|χ}}, {{IPA link|ʁ}}]}} occur after back vowels, and {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}]}} occur in all other environments, but the voiced {{IPAblink|ʑ}} occurs only in a few words. Speakers increasingly merge {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}]}} and {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ʃ}}, {{IPA link|ʒ}}]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=68–69}}). {{lang|lb|Parmesan}} {{IPA|[ˈpɑʁməzaːn]}}, {{lang|lb|waarm}} {{IPA|[vaːʁm]}}When it is non-prevocalic within the same word, the {{IPA|/ʀ/}} phoneme has many allophones:

• after short close and mid vowels and all open vowels, the non-prevocalic {{IPA|/ʀ/}} is realized as a fricative, either voiced {{IPAblink|ʁ}} or voiceless {{IPAblink|χ}}, depending on whether the following consonant is voiced or voiceless;
• after long close and mid vowels, non-prevocalic {{IPA|/ʀ/}} is vocalized to {{IPA|[ɐ̯]}}, creating the centering diphthongs {{IPA|[ɛːɐ̯, iːɐ̯, oːɐ̯, uːɐ̯]}} and, in loanwords from Standard German, also {{IPA|[øːɐ̯, yːɐ̯]}}. After {{IPA|/aː/}}, {{IPA|/r/}} is inconsistently dropped, so that Paart, Taart and waarm sometimes have no trace of {{IPA|/r/}}: {{IPA|[paːt]}}, {{IPA|[taːt]}} and {{IPA|[vaːm]}}. In this guide however, {{IPA|/r/}} is transcribed as a fricative {{IPAblink|ʁ}} or {{IPAblink|χ}} (depending on the voicing of the following consonant) in that position: {{IPA|[paːχt]}}, {{IPA|[taːχt]}} and {{IPA|[vaːʁm]}}, as these variants are typical of careful speech;
• the unstressed, non-prevocalic orthographic sequence {{angbr|er}} corresponds to the marginal phoneme {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, although this can also be analysed as simple a sequence of {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/ʀ/}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=68, 70–71}}).

| {{lang|lb|Taass}} {{IPA|[taːs]}}

| fast

| {{lang|lb|Schnéi}} {{IPA|[ʃnəɪ̯]}}

| shall

| {{lang|lb|Taart}} {{IPA|[taːχt]}}, {{lang|lb|Jugend}} {{IPA|[ˈjuːʁənt]}}

| tall

| {{lang|lb|Zuch}} {{IPA|[tsuχ]}}

| cats

| {{lang|lb|Brëtsch}} {{IPA|[bʀətʃ]}}, {{lang|lb|d'Stad}} {{IPA|[tʃtɑt]}}

| match

| {{lang|lb|wëschen}} {{IPA|[ˈvəʃən]}}

| vanish

| {{lang|lb|Sprooch}} {{IPA|[ʃpʀoːχ]}}, {{lang|lb|Force}} {{IPA|[foχs]}}

| Scottish loch

| {{lang|lb|Summer}} {{IPA|[ˈzumɐ]}}

| hose

| {{lang|lb|Juli}} {{IPA|[ˈʒuːliː]}}

| pleasure

| {{lang|lb|Kampf opginn}} {{IPA|[ˈkɑmbv ˈopɡin]}}Apart from being the main realisation of phonemes {{IPA|/b, d, dz, ɡ, v, z, ʒ, dʒ/}}, {{IPA|[{{IPA link|b}}, {{IPA link|d}}, {{IPA link|dz}}, {{IPA link|ɡ}}, {{IPA link|v}}, {{IPA link|z}}, {{IPA link|ʒ}}, {{IPA link|dʒ}}]}} occur as word-final allophones of both {{IPA|/p, t, ts, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/b, d, dz, ɡ, v, z, ʒ, dʒ/}} (in this position, some scholars may analyse both of the sets as {{IPA|/p, t, ts, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ/}}) if the next word begins with a vowel and is pronounced without a pause. {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ʁ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}, {{IPA link|bv}}]}} also occur as allophones of {{IPA|/χ, χ, pf/}} in the same environment, but {{IPAblink|bv}} does not occur in other circumstances. In this context, the final voiceless obstruents are not only voiced but also resyllabified, or moved to the onset of the first syllable of the following word. Therefore, a somewhat more phonetically-accurate transcription of sech eens would be {{IPA|[zəˈʑeːns]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=68, 72}}), but it is transcribed {{IPA|[zəʑ ˈeːns]}} instead so that it corresponds more closely to the spelling.

| obvious

| {{lang|lb|spadséieren}} {{IPA|[ʃpɑˈdzəɪ̯əʀən]}}Phonemic {{IPA|/dz/}} occurs only in a few words ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=72}})

| heads

| {{lang|lb|Jeans}} {{IPA|[dʒiːns]}}

| jeans

| {{lang|lb|Pflicht}} {{IPA|[pfliɕt]}}

| cupful

| {{lang|lb|zwee}} {{IPA|[tsweː]}}, {{lang|lb|Comptoir}} {{IPA|[ˈkõːtwaːʀ]}}{{IPAblink|w}} is an allophone of {{IPA|/v/}} occurring after {{IPA|/k, ʃ, ts/}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=69}}). It also occurs in loanwords as a marginal phoneme.

| we

| {{lang|lb|héijen}} {{IPA|[ˈhəɪ̯ʑən]}}

| measure, but more of a y-like sound

! colspan="3" | Vowels

| {{lang|lb|Kapp}} {{IPA|[kɑp]}}

| art

| {{lang|lb|Kap}} {{IPA|[kaːp]}}

| Australian bad

| {{lang|lb|Käpp}} {{IPA|[kæp]}}

| back

| {{lang|lb|Fësch}} {{IPA|[fəʃ]}}, {{lang|lb|Drogen}} {{IPA|[ˈdʀoːɡən]}}, {{lang|lb|Köln}} {{IPA|[ˈkəln]}}, {{lang|lb|Böcker}} {{IPA|[ˈbəkɐ]}}In native words, {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}} and {{IPAblink|e}} are allophones of a single phoneme {{IPA|/e/}}. {{IPAblink|e}} appears before velar consonants and {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}} elsewhere. Unlike in Standard German, {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}} appears in both stressed and unstressed syllables, and unstressed sequences of {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}} and a sonorant do not form syllabic sonorants ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=70–71}}). In loanwords from French and German, {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}} can appear before velar consonants, in which case it can be analyzed as a marginal phoneme {{IPA|/œ/}}. This {{IPA|/œ/}} is not phonetically distinct from the ordinary {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}}, as the two sounds are perceived to be the same by native speakers of Luxembourgish. The long counterpart of this sound is transcribed with {{angbr IPA|œː}}, which also does not imply a difference in quality in comparison with {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ə}}. In addition, {{IPAblink|e}} can appear in positions other than before a velar in loanwords from French.

| roughly like hurt

| {{lang|lb|drécken}} {{IPA|[ˈdʀekən]}}, {{lang|lb|Etienne}} {{IPA|[eˈtjæn]}}

| let

| {{lang|lb|Been}} {{IPA|[beːn]}}

| Scottish pays

| {{lang|lb|Stär}} {{IPA|[ʃtɛːɐ̯]}},In native words, {{IPAblink|ɛː}} appears only as an allophone {{IPA|/eː/}} before {{IPA|/ʀ/}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}}). {{lang|lb|nämlech}} {{IPA|[ˈnɛːmləɕ]}}

| bed

| {{lang|lb|Gitt}} {{IPA|[ɡit]}}

| tip

| {{lang|lb|siwen}} {{IPA|[ˈziːvən]}}, {{lang|lb|Kiischt}} {{IPA|[kiːʃt]}}

| be

| {{lang|lb|So}} {{IPA|[zo]}}, {{lang|lb|Sonn}} {{IPA|[zon]}}

| off

| {{lang|lb|Sprooch}} {{IPA|[ʃpʀoːχ]}}

| story

| {{lang|lb|Hutt}} {{IPA|[hut]}}

| pull

| {{lang|lb|Tut}} {{IPA|[tuːt]}}, {{lang|lb|Luucht}} {{IPA|[luːχt]}}

| pool

| {{lang|lb|Chance}} {{IPA|[ʃɑ̃ːs]}}

| French vin blanc

| {{lang|lb|Dinde}} {{IPA|[dɛ̃ːt]}}

| French vin blanc

| {{lang|lb|Comptoir}} {{IPA|[ˈkõːtwaːʀ]}}

| French Mont Blanc

| {{lang|lb|Interieur}} {{IPA|[ˈɛ̃ːtəʀiœːʀ]}}, {{lang|lb|flirten}} {{IPA|[ˈflœːtən]}}

| rowspan="2" | roughly like herd

| {{lang|lb|Blöd}} {{IPA|[bløːt]}}

| {{lang|lb|Hüll}} {{IPA|[hyl]}}

| roughly like shoe, but shorter

| {{lang|lb|Süden}} {{IPA|[ˈzyːdən]}}

| roughly like shoe

| {{lang|lb|Gebai}} {{IPA|[ɡəˈbɑɪ̯]}}, {{lang|lb|deier}} {{IPA|[ˈdɑɪ̯ɐ]}}

| price

| {{lang|lb|Mauer}} {{IPA|[ˈmɑʊ̯ɐ]}}

| mouth

| {{lang|lb|räich}} {{IPA|[ʀæːɪ̯ɕ]}}

| England and Wales share yachts

| {{lang|lb|Maul}} {{IPA|[mæːʊ̯l]}}

| England and Wales share walls

| {{lang|lb|Schnéi}} {{IPA|[ʃnəɪ̯]}}

| a yacht

| {{lang|lb|Schoul}} {{IPA|[ʃəʊ̯l]}}

| goat

| {{lang|lb|Stär}} {{IPA|[ʃtɛːɐ̯]}}

| traditional RP square

| {{lang|lb|liesen}} {{IPA|[ˈli̯əzən]}}, {{lang|lb|Biergem}} {{audio-IPA|Lb-Biergem.ogg|[ˈbi̯əʑəm]|help=no}}The contrast between {{IPA|[i̯ə u̯ə]}} and {{IPA|[iːɐ̯ uːɐ̯]}} is unstable and the former set appears in some words that have {{angbr|r}} in spelling.

| roughly like yearn

| {{lang|lb|wier}} {{IPA|[viːɐ̯]}}

| see other

| {{lang|lb|Joer}} {{IPA|[joːɐ̯]}}

| Scottish no other

| {{lang|lb|Buedem}} {{IPA|[ˈbu̯ədəm]}}, {{lang|lb|Lëtzebuerg}} {{IPA|[ˈlətsəbu̯əɕ]}}

| roughly like word

| {{lang|lb|kuerz}} {{IPA|[kuːɐ̯ts]}}

| too upbeat

| {{lang|lb|Euro}} {{IPA|[ˈoɪ̯ʀoː]}}

| boy

| {{lang|lb|Röhr}} {{IPA|[ʀøːɐ̯]}}

| roughly like herd

| {{lang|lb|Lürmann}} {{IPA|[ˈlyːɐ̯mɑn]}}

| roughly like you utter

| {{lang|lb|Mauer}} {{IPA|[ˈmɑʊ̯ɐ]}}

| nut or sofa

| {{lang|lb|Kugel}} {{IPA|[ˈkuːʁəl]}}

| primary stress, as in dearest {{IPA|/ˈdɪərəst/}}

| {{lang|lb|Méckebaatsch}} {{IPA|[ˈmekəˌbaːtʃ]}}

| secondary stress, as in commandeer {{IPA|/ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/}}