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Help:IPA/Navajo

{{IPA key|H:IPA-NV}}

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Navajo language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Navajo phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Navajo.

style="background: none"
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| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Consonants

! IPA !! Orthography !! English approximation

align="center"|{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|ʼ

| the catch in uh-oh

align="center"|{{IPAlink|p}}

| b

|spill"Native Languages" website

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tʃʰ}}

| ch

| child

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tʃʼ}}

| chʼ

|a glottalized version of ch

align="center"|{{IPAlink|t}}

| d

| stay"Native Languages" website

align="center"|{{IPAlink|t}}{{IPAlink|ɬ}}

| dl

|somewhat like atlas

align="center"|{{IPAlink|ts}}

| dz

|cats

align="center"|{{IPAlink|k}}

|g

|skate"Native Languages" website

align="center"|{{IPAlink|ɰ}}

| gh

|war, but unrounded

align="center"|{{IPAlink|h}}

|h, x

|he"Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the raspy {{IPAlink|x}}, somewhat like the "h" in he.

align="center"|{{IPAlink|hʷ}}

|hw, xw

|blowing out a candle, or as in which (without the witch-which merger)

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tʃ}}

| j

|teacher

align="center"|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}

| k

|king

align="center"|{{IPAlink|kʼ}}

| kʼ

|somewhat like bike, with glottalization

align="center"|{{IPAlink|l}}

|l

|lake

align="center"|{{IPAlink|ɬ}}

|ł

|no English equivalent; Welsh llwyd

align="center"|{{IPAlink|m}}

|m

|man

align="center"|{{IPAlink|n}}

|n

|nice

align="center"|{{IPAlink|s}}

| s

| sad

align="center"|{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

| sh

| shell

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tʰ}}

| t

|"t" in tie

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tʼ}}

| tʼ

|somewhat like right with glottalization

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tɬʰ}}

|tł

|no English equivalent

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tɬʼ}}

|tłʼ

|no English equivalent

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tsʰ}}

|ts

|cats with aspiration

align="center"|{{IPAlink|tsʼ}}

|tsʼ

|somewhat like cats with glottalization

align="center"|{{IPAlink|w}}

| w

| was

align="center"|{{IPAlink|j}}

| y

| yellow

align="center"|{{IPAlink|z}}

| z

|was

align="center"|{{IPAlink|ʒ}}

| zh

|garage, pleasure

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

|+ Oral vowels

! IPA !! Orthography !! English approximation

align="center"|{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

|a

|somewhat like bra with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

|á

|somewhat like bra with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|a}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

|aa

|long "a" in bra with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|a}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

|áá

|long "a" in bra with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|e}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

|e

|met with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|e}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

|é

|met with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|e}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ee

|long "e" in met with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|e}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

|éé

|long "e" in met with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|i}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

| i"Native Languages" says it can be realized also as the "i" in sit ({{IPAlink|ɪ}}).

|seet with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|i}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

| í

|seet with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|i}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

| ii

|long "ee" in see with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|i}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

| íí

|long "ee" in see with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

| o

|somewhat like story with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

| ó

|somewhat like story with high tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|o}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

| oo

|long "o" with low tone

align="center"|{{IPAlink|o}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

| óó

|long "o" with high tone

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

|+ Nasal vowels

! IPA !! Orthography !! English approximation

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ã}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ą

|nasal "a" for bra with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ã}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

|ą́

|nasal "a" for bra with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ã}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ąą

|long nasal "a" for bra with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ã}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

|ą́ą́

|long nasal "a" for bra with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ẽ}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ę

|nasal "e" for met with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ẽ}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

|ę́

|nasal "e" for met with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ẽ}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ęę

|long nasal "e" for met with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ẽ}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

|ę́ę́

|long nasal "e" for met with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ĩ}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

|į

|nasal "ee" for see with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ĩ}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

|į́

|nasal "ee" for see with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ĩ}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

|įį

|long nasal "ee" for see with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|ĩ}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

|į́į́

|long nasal "ee" for see with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|õ}}{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ǫ

|nasal "oa" for story with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|õ}}{{IPAlink|˥}}

|ǫ́

|nasal "oa" for story with high tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|õ}}ː{{IPAlink|˩}}

|ǫǫ

|long nasal "oa" for story with low tone

align="center" |{{IPAlink|õ}}ː{{IPAlink|˥}}

|ǫ́ǫ́

|long nasal "oa" for story with high tone

|}

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

  • {{cite web |title=Navajo pronunciation and spelling guide |year=2012 |website=Native Languages of the Americas |accessdate=September 16, 2012 |url=http://www.native-languages.org/navajo_guide.htm}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Navajo IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}