Help:IPA/Portuguese

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Portuguese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Distinction is made between the two major standards of the language—Portugal (European Portuguese, {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}; broadly the standard also used in Africa and in Asia) and Brazil (Brazilian Portuguese, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}). Neither variant is preferred at Wikipedia, except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as a place in Brazil or an individual from Portugal.

See Portuguese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.

style="background: none" \| style="vertical-align:top;" \| {\| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;" ! colspan="4" \| Consonants
colspan="2" \| IPA	rowspan="2" \| Examples	rowspan="2" \| English approximation
{{flagicon\|Portugal}} {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}	{{flagicon\|Brazil}} {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}
{{IPAlink\|b}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|b}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| beiço, âmbar, sob \| style="text-align:left;" \| about
{{IPAlink\|β}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| cabeça, sobreIn northern and central Portugal, {{IPA\|/b/}}, {{IPA\|/d/}}, and {{IPA\|/ɡ/}} are lenited to fricatives of the same place of articulation ({{IPAblink\|β}}, {{IPAblink\|ð}}, and {{IPAblink\|ɣ}}, respectively) in all places except after a pause, a nasal vowel, or (for {{IPA\|/d/}}) {{IPA\|/l/}}, when they are stops {{IPA\|[{{IPAlink\|b}}, {{IPAlink\|d̪\|d}}, {{IPAlink\|ɡ}}]}}, not dissimilar from English b, d, g {{Harvcol\|Mateus\|d'Andrade\|2000\|p=11}}. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|{{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: between baby and bevy}} {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: about
{{IPAlink\|ð}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|d̪\|d}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| cedo, idade \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: other {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: today
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|d̪\|d}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| dedo, lenda \| style="text-align:left;" \| today
{{IPAlink\|dʒ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| digo, advérbio, baldeIn most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, {{IPA\|/d, t/}} are affricated to {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|dʒ}}, {{IPAplink\|tʃ}}]}} before the close front vowels {{IPA\|/i, ĩ/}}. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: today {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: jig
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|f}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| fado, café \| style="text-align:left;" \| face
{{IPAlink\|ɡ}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɡ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| gato, signo, bingo, guerra \| style="text-align:left;" \| again
{{IPAlink\|ɣ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| fogo, figueira \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: between ago and ahold {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: again
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|k}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| cor, dica, quente, kiwi \| style="text-align:left;" \| scan
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɫ\|l}} \| {{IPAlink\|ɫ\|l}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| lua, alô \| style="text-align:left;" \| toll
{{IPAlink\|w}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| malFinal {{IPA\|/l/}} is vocalized to {{IPAblink\|w}} in Standard Brazilian Portuguese. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: toll {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: tow
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ʎ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| lhe, velho \| style="text-align:left;" \| million
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|m}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| mês, somo \| style="text-align:left;" \| might
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|n̪\|n}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| não, sono \| style="text-align:left;" \| not
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɲ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| nhoque, sonho \| style="text-align:left;" \| canyon
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|p}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| pó, sopa, apto \| style="text-align:left;" \| spouse
{{IPAlink\|ʁ}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|x\|ʁ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| rio, carro, enrascadoThe fricative {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} has a considerable variation in Brazil, often being a voiceless velar {{IPAblink\|x}} or glottal fricative {{IPAblink\|h}}, or the voiced variants {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|ɣ}} ~ {{IPAplink\|ɦ}}]}} in standard speech. Uvular variants such as {{IPAblink\|χ}} and {{IPAblink\|ʁ}} that are typical of Portugal also occur in Brazil. See also Guttural R in Portuguese.The rhotic consonants {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} {{angbr\|r}} and {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} {{angbr\|rr}} contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution, with {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} occurring word-initially, after {{angbr\|l}}, {{angbr\|n}}, and {{angbr\|s}} and in compounds; {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} is found elsewhere. In the word-final position, they are neutralized in favor of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} in Portugal and some Brazilian dialects and in favor of {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} in most{{Citation needed}} Brazilian dialects (which is how it is transcribed in this guide). \| style="text-align:left;" \| French rouge
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɾ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| pôr, porto, por favor \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: atom (GA) {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: French rouge
{{IPAlink\|ɾ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| frio, caro, por acaso \| style="text-align:left;" \| atom (GA)
{{IPAlink\|s}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|s}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| saco, isso, braço, máximo \| style="text-align:left;" \| sack
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ʃ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| escola, as portas, dez, textoThe four coronal fricatives {{IPA\|/s, z, ʃ, ʒ/}} are neutralized at the end of a syllable. They are voiced before a voiced consonant or a vowel and voiceless elsewhere. In Standard European Portuguese, they are postalveolar {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|ʃ}}, {{IPAplink\|ʒ}}]}} before consonants and only [{{IPA\|ʃ}}] before pauses; before vowels, only the voiced alveolar {{IPAblink\|z}} appears. In Brazilian Portuguese, the typical pronunciation in all positions is alveolar {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|s}}, {{IPAplink\|z}}]}}, but in some dialects they are postalveolar as in Portugal. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: sheep {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: sack
{{IPAlink\|ʃ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| chave, achar, xarope, baixo, sushi \| style="text-align:left;" \| sheep
{{IPAlink\|tʃ}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|tʃ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| tchau, atchim \| style="text-align:left;" \| chip
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|t̪\|t}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| tipo, ritmo, ponte \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: stand {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: chip
{{IPAlink\|t̪\|t}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| tempo, átomo \| style="text-align:left;" \| stand
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|v}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| vela, livro, wolfeíta \| style="text-align:left;" \| vest
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ʒ}} \| {{IPAlink\|ʒ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| já, gente \| style="text-align:left;" \| pleasure
rowspan="2" \|{{IPAlink\|z}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| rasgo, os meus \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: pleasure {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: zebra
{{IPAlink\|z}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| casa, os amigos, doze, existir \| style="text-align:left;" \| zebra
colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" \|
colspan="4" \| SemivowelsIntervocalic glides are ambisyllabic, they are part of previous falling diphthongs and they are geminated to next syllable onset. Examples of such pronunciations are goiaba {{IPA\|[ɡojˈjabɐ]}} and Cauã for {{IPA\|[kawˈwɐ̃]}}.
colspan="2" \| IPA	rowspan="2" \| Examples	rowspan="2" \| English approximation
{{flagicon\|Portugal}} {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}	{{flagicon\|Brazil}} {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|j}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| saia, pais, yeti, yoga \| style="text-align:left;" \| you
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|w}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| frequente, quão, mau, Cauã, western \| style="text-align:left;" \| want

style="background: none"

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Consonants

colspan="2" | IPA

rowspan="2" | Examples

rowspan="2" | English approximation

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|b}}

| style="text-align:left;" | beiço, âmbar, sob

| style="text-align:left;" | about

| style="text-align:left;" | cabeça, sobreIn northern and central Portugal, {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} are lenited to fricatives of the same place of articulation ({{IPAblink|β}}, {{IPAblink|ð}}, and {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, respectively) in all places except after a pause, a nasal vowel, or (for {{IPA|/d/}}) {{IPA|/l/}}, when they are stops {{IPA|[{{IPAlink|b}}, {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}, {{IPAlink|ɡ}}]}}, not dissimilar from English b, d, g {{Harvcol|Mateus|d'Andrade|2000|p=11}}.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{nowrap|{{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: between baby and bevy}}
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: about

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}

| style="text-align:left;" | cedo, idade

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: other
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: today

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}

| style="text-align:left;" | dedo, lenda

| style="text-align:left;" | today

| style="text-align:left;" | digo, advérbio, baldeIn most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, {{IPA|/d, t/}} are affricated to {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|dʒ}}, {{IPAplink|tʃ}}]}} before the close front vowels {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}}.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: today
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: jig

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|f}}

| style="text-align:left;" | fado, café

| style="text-align:left;" | face

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɡ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | gato, signo, bingo, guerra

| style="text-align:left;" | again

| style="text-align:left;" | fogo, figueira

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: between ago and ahold
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: again

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|k}}

| style="text-align:left;" | cor, dica, quente, kiwi

| style="text-align:left;" | scan

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}

| {{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}

| style="text-align:left;" | lua, alô

| style="text-align:left;" | toll

| style="text-align:left;" | malFinal {{IPA|/l/}} is vocalized to {{IPAblink|w}} in Standard Brazilian Portuguese.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: toll
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: tow

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ʎ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | lhe, velho

| style="text-align:left;" | million

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|m}}

| style="text-align:left;" | mês, somo

| style="text-align:left;" | might

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|n̪|n}}

| style="text-align:left;" | não, sono

| style="text-align:left;" | not

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɲ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | nhoque, sonho

| style="text-align:left;" | canyon

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|p}}

| style="text-align:left;" | pó, sopa, apto

| style="text-align:left;" | spouse

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|x|ʁ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | rio, carro, enrascadoThe fricative {{IPA|/ʁ/}} has a considerable variation in Brazil, often being a voiceless velar {{IPAblink|x}} or glottal fricative {{IPAblink|h}}, or the voiced variants {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɣ}} ~ {{IPAplink|ɦ}}]}} in standard speech. Uvular variants such as {{IPAblink|χ}} and {{IPAblink|ʁ}} that are typical of Portugal also occur in Brazil. See also Guttural R in Portuguese.The rhotic consonants {{IPA|/ɾ/}} {{angbr|r}} and {{IPA|/ʁ/}} {{angbr|rr}} contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution, with {{IPA|/ʁ/}} occurring word-initially, after {{angbr|l}}, {{angbr|n}}, and {{angbr|s}} and in compounds; {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is found elsewhere. In the word-final position, they are neutralized in favor of {{IPA|/ɾ/}} in Portugal and some Brazilian dialects and in favor of {{IPA|/ʁ/}} in most{{Citation needed}} Brazilian dialects (which is how it is transcribed in this guide).

| style="text-align:left;" | French rouge

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɾ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | pôr, porto, por favor

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: atom (GA)
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: French rouge

| style="text-align:left;" | frio, caro, por acaso

| style="text-align:left;" | atom (GA)

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|s}}

| style="text-align:left;" | saco, isso, braço, máximo

| style="text-align:left;" | sack

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ʃ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | escola, as portas, dez, textoThe four coronal fricatives {{IPA|/s, z, ʃ, ʒ/}} are neutralized at the end of a syllable. They are voiced before a voiced consonant or a vowel and voiceless elsewhere. In Standard European Portuguese, they are postalveolar {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ʃ}}, {{IPAplink|ʒ}}]}} before consonants and only [{{IPA|ʃ}}] before pauses; before vowels, only the voiced alveolar {{IPAblink|z}} appears. In Brazilian Portuguese, the typical pronunciation in all positions is alveolar {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|s}}, {{IPAplink|z}}]}}, but in some dialects they are postalveolar as in Portugal.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: sheep
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: sack

| style="text-align:left;" | chave, achar, xarope, baixo, sushi

| style="text-align:left;" | sheep

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|tʃ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | tchau, atchim

| style="text-align:left;" | chip

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|t̪|t}}

| style="text-align:left;" | tipo, ritmo, ponte

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: stand
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: chip

| style="text-align:left;" | tempo, átomo

| style="text-align:left;" | stand

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|v}}

| style="text-align:left;" | vela, livro, wolfeíta

| style="text-align:left;" | vest

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ʒ}}

| {{IPAlink|ʒ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | já, gente

| style="text-align:left;" | pleasure

rowspan="2" |{{IPAlink|z}}

| style="text-align:left;" | rasgo, os meus

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: pleasure
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: zebra

| style="text-align:left;" | casa, os amigos, doze, existir

| style="text-align:left;" | zebra

colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" |

colspan="4" | SemivowelsIntervocalic glides are ambisyllabic, they are part of previous falling diphthongs and they are geminated to next syllable onset. Examples of such pronunciations are goiaba {{IPA|[ɡojˈjabɐ]}} and Cauã for {{IPA|[kawˈwɐ̃]}}.

colspan="2" | IPA

rowspan="2" | Examples

rowspan="2" | English approximation

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|j}}

| style="text-align:left;" | saia, pais, yeti, yoga

| style="text-align:left;" | you

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|w}}

| style="text-align:left;" | frequente, quão, mau, Cauã, western

| style="text-align:left;" | want

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" ! colspan="4" \| Stressed vowels
colspan="2" \| IPA	rowspan="2" \| Examples	rowspan="2" \| English approximation
{{flagicon\|Portugal}} {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}	{{flagicon\|Brazil}} {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ä\|a}} \| {{IPAlink\|ä\|a}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| alzheimer, Jaime, dá, lámen \| style="text-align:left;" \| father
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɐ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| falámos, falamos,First-person plural past tense in European Portuguese has the open {{IPA\|/a/}}, and present tense has the close {{IPA\|/ɐ/}}. Both conjugated with the close {{IPA\|/ɐ/}} in Brazilian Portuguese andaimeMost Brazilian dialects have the close {{IPA\|/ɐ/}} in the stressed diphthong spelled {{angbr\|ai}} before {{IPA\|/m/}} and {{IPA\|/n/}}. In many dialects it is also nasalized. Many speakers of those dialects, including broadcast media, use the open {{IPA\|/a/}} for some words like Jaime and Roraima. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: father {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: strut
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɐ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| falamos, câmera, bug \| style="text-align:left;" \| strut
rowspan="3" \| {{IPAlink\|e}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| abelha, venho, jeitoIn Standard Lisbon Portuguese, {{IPA\|/e/}} merges with {{IPA\|/ɐ/}} when it comes before palatal sounds. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: strut {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)
{{IPAlink\|e}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| meto, sê \| style="text-align:left;" \| case (Scottish)
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɛ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| prémio ({{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}), prêmio ({{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}) \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: set {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)
{{IPAlink\|ɛ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| meta, sé, Émerson, cafezinho \| style="text-align:left;" \| set
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|i}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| si, dia, país, suíço, rainha,There are no diphthongs before palatal consonants, so hiatuses are not indicated before {{IPA\|/ɲ/}} (e.g. rainha {{IPA\|/ʁaˈiɲɐ/}}). diesel \| style="text-align:left;" \| seat
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɔ}} \| {{IPAlink\|ɔ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| formosa, formosos, avó, somente \| style="text-align:left;" \| off
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|o}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| António (EP), Antônio (BP) \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: off {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: story
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|o}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| avô, formoso, alô \| style="text-align:left;" \| story
{{IPA\|ow}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| SousaThe {{IPA\|[ow]}} diphthong does not exist in Standard Lisbon Portuguese, having been monophthongized to {{IPAblink\|o}} (see {{Harvcolnb\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1999\|pp=128, 130}}). \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: story {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: goal
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|u}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| rua, lúcido, saúde \| style="text-align:left;" \| cool
colspan="4" \| Unstressed vowels
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɐ}} \| {{IPAlink\|ɐ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| taça, manhãIn Brazilian Portuguese, pre-stressed {{IPAblink\|ɐ}} is obligatory only before {{IPA\|/ɲ/}} and has a tendency to be raised before other nasal consonants. In many dialects, nasalization is obligatory also before {{IPA\|/ɲ/}}. \| style="text-align:left;" \| about
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ä\|a}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| maior, aquele, da \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: about {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: grandma
{{IPAlink\|ä\|a}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Camões, caveira \| style="text-align:left;" \| grandma
{{IPAlink\|ɛ}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|e}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| incrível, segmento \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: access {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)
rowspan="2"\| {{IPAlink\|ɯ̽\|ɨ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| semáforo{{IPA\|/ɨ/}} is often deleted in European Portuguese. \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: emission {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ɪ\|i}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| jure, pequeno, se \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: emission {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: seat
{{IPAlink\|ɪ\|i}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| dypingita, júri, meandro, e, doeSome of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in frio ('cold') and rio ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel {{IPA\|[ˈfɾi.u]}} and a glide {{IPA\|[ˈfɾiw]}}, exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like eu rio {{IPA\|[ˈew ˈʁi.u]}} (I laugh) and ele riu {{IPA\|[ˈelɨ ˈʁiw]}} (he laughed). \| style="text-align:left;" \| seat
{{IPAlink\|o}} \| {{IPA\|ow}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Gouveia \| style="text-align:left;" \| story
{{IPAlink\|ɔ}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|o}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| hospital \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: royale {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: story
rowspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ʊ\|u}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| sortudo \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}: outlook {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}: story
{{IPAlink\|ʊ\|u}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| evacuar, boneco, vi-o, voo, frio, os \| style="text-align:left;" \| outlook
colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" \|
colspan="4" \| Suprasegmentals
colspan="4" \| Stress and syllabification
colspan="2" \| IPA	rowspan="2" \| Examples	rowspan="2"\| Explanation
{{flagicon\|Portugal}} {{abbr\|EP\|European Portuguese}}	{{flagicon\|Brazil}} {{abbr\|BP\|Brazilian Portuguese}}
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ˈ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| João {{IPA\|[ʒuˈɐ̃w]}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| lexical stress
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|ˌ}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Vila-Chã {{IPA\|[ˌvilɐˈʃɐ̃]}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| secondary stress
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|.}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Rio {{IPA\|[ˈʁi.u]}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| syllable break
colspan="4" \| Diacritics
colspan="2" \| {{IPAlink\|◌̃}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Chã {{IPA\|[ˈʃɐ̃]}}Nasal vowels in Portuguese are {{IPA\|/ɐ̃/}}, {{IPA\|/ẽ/}}, {{IPA\|/ĩ/}}, {{IPA\|/õ/}} and {{IPA\|/ũ/}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| nasal vowel

class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Stressed vowels

colspan="2" | IPA

rowspan="2" | Examples

rowspan="2" | English approximation

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ä|a}}

| {{IPAlink|ä|a}}

| style="text-align:left;" | alzheimer, Jaime, dá, lámen

| style="text-align:left;" | father

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɐ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | falámos, falamos,First-person plural past tense in European Portuguese has the open {{IPA|/a/}}, and present tense has the close {{IPA|/ɐ/}}. Both conjugated with the close {{IPA|/ɐ/}} in Brazilian Portuguese andaimeMost Brazilian dialects have the close {{IPA|/ɐ/}} in the stressed diphthong spelled {{angbr|ai}} before {{IPA|/m/}} and {{IPA|/n/}}. In many dialects it is also nasalized. Many speakers of those dialects, including broadcast media, use the open {{IPA|/a/}} for some words like Jaime and Roraima.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: father
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: strut

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɐ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | falamos, câmera, bug

| style="text-align:left;" | strut

rowspan="3" | {{IPAlink|e}}

| style="text-align:left;" | abelha, venho, jeitoIn Standard Lisbon Portuguese, {{IPA|/e/}} merges with {{IPA|/ɐ/}} when it comes before palatal sounds.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: strut
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)

| style="text-align:left;" | meto, sê

| style="text-align:left;" | case (Scottish)

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɛ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | prémio ({{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}), prêmio ({{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}})

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: set
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)

| style="text-align:left;" | meta, sé, Émerson, cafezinho

| style="text-align:left;" | set

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|i}}

| style="text-align:left;" | si, dia, país, suíço, rainha,There are no diphthongs before palatal consonants, so hiatuses are not indicated before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} (e.g. rainha {{IPA|/ʁaˈiɲɐ/}}). diesel

| style="text-align:left;" | seat

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɔ}}

| {{IPAlink|ɔ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | formosa, formosos, avó, somente

| style="text-align:left;" | off

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|o}}

| style="text-align:left;" | António (EP), Antônio (BP)

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: off
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: story

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|o}}

| style="text-align:left;" | avô, formoso, alô

| style="text-align:left;" | story

| style="text-align:left;" | SousaThe {{IPA|[ow]}} diphthong does not exist in Standard Lisbon Portuguese, having been monophthongized to {{IPAblink|o}} (see {{Harvcolnb|Cruz-Ferreira|1999|pp=128, 130}}).

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: story
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: goal

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|u}}

| style="text-align:left;" | rua, lúcido, saúde

| style="text-align:left;" | cool

colspan="4" | Unstressed vowels

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɐ}}

| {{IPAlink|ɐ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | taça, manhãIn Brazilian Portuguese, pre-stressed {{IPAblink|ɐ}} is obligatory only before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and has a tendency to be raised before other nasal consonants. In many dialects, nasalization is obligatory also before {{IPA|/ɲ/}}.

| style="text-align:left;" | about

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ä|a}}

| style="text-align:left;" | maior, aquele, da

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: about
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: grandma

| style="text-align:left;" | Camões, caveira

| style="text-align:left;" | grandma

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|e}}

| style="text-align:left;" | incrível, segmento

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: access
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)

rowspan="2"| {{IPAlink|ɯ̽|ɨ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | semáforo{{IPA|/ɨ/}} is often deleted in European Portuguese.

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: emission
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: case (Scottish)

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɪ|i}}

| style="text-align:left;" | jure, pequeno, se

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: emission
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: seat

| style="text-align:left;" | dypingita, júri, meandro, e, doeSome of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in frio ('cold') and rio ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel {{IPA|[ˈfɾi.u]}} and a glide {{IPA|[ˈfɾiw]}}, exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like eu rio {{IPA|[ˈew ˈʁi.u]}} (I laugh) and ele riu {{IPA|[ˈelɨ ˈʁiw]}} (he laughed).

| style="text-align:left;" | seat

| {{IPA|ow}}

| style="text-align:left;" | Gouveia

| style="text-align:left;" | story

| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|o}}

| style="text-align:left;" | hospital

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: royale
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: story

rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ʊ|u}}

| style="text-align:left;" | sortudo

| style="text-align:left;" | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: outlook
{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: story

| style="text-align:left;" | evacuar, boneco, vi-o, voo, frio, os

| style="text-align:left;" | outlook

colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" |

colspan="4" | Suprasegmentals

colspan="4" | Stress and syllabification

colspan="2" | IPA

rowspan="2" | Examples

rowspan="2"| Explanation

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ˈ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | João {{IPA|[ʒuˈɐ̃w]}}

| style="text-align:left;" | lexical stress

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ˌ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | Vila-Chã {{IPA|[ˌvilɐˈʃɐ̃]}}

| style="text-align:left;" | secondary stress

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|.}}

| style="text-align:left;" | Rio {{IPA|[ˈʁi.u]}}

| style="text-align:left;" | syllable break

colspan="4" | Diacritics

colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|◌̃}}

| style="text-align:left;" | Chã {{IPA|[ˈʃɐ̃]}}Nasal vowels in Portuguese are {{IPA|/ɐ̃/}}, {{IPA|/ẽ/}}, {{IPA|/ĩ/}}, {{IPA|/õ/}} and {{IPA|/ũ/}}

| style="text-align:left;" | nasal vowel

Notes

References

{{cite book

|last=Cruz-Ferreira

|first=Madalena

|year=1999

|chapter=Portuguese (European)

|editor=International Phonetic Association

|editor-link=International Phonetic Association

|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

|pages=126–130

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|isbn=0-521-63751-1

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_por_phon-1

}}

{{cite book

|last1=Mateus

|first1=Maria Helena

|last2=d'Andrade

|first2=Ernesto

|year=2000

|title=The Phonology of Portuguese

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=0-19-823581-X

}}

External link

[http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico]. An on-line dictionary with IPA phonetic transcription. {{in lang|pt}}
[https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa-aao/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa anterior ao Acordo Ortográfico de 1990]. An online dictionary of European Portuguese that corresponds to the Orthography used before the Orthographic Agreement of 1990.