Help:IPA/Swahili
{{IPA key|H:IPA-SW|H:IPASW}}
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swahili language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. This reflects Standard Swahili, and dialects may have more or fewer phonemes. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Consonants | ||
IPA | Examples | English approximation |
---|---|---|
align="center" | {{IPA link|ɓ}}
| baba {{IPA|[ˈɓɑɓɑ]}} 'father' | bill | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ɗ}}
| dola {{IPA|[ˈɗɔlɑ]}} 'dollar' | delta | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ð}}
| dhambi {{IPA|[ˈðɑᵐbi]}} 'sin, offence'Only found in loanwords. | that | ||
align="center" |{{IPA link|ʄ}} ~ {{IPA link|dʒ}}
| maji {{IPA|[ˈmɑʄi ~ ˈmɑdʒi]}} 'water' | jab | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|f}}
| fisi {{IPA|[ˈfisi]}} 'hyena' | focus | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ɠ}}
| gani {{IPA|[ˈɠɑni]}} 'what, of which' | gag | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ɣ}}
| ghali {{IPA|[ˈɣɑli]}} 'expensive' | Scottish loch but voiced | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|h}}
| uhuru {{IPA|[uˈhuru]}} 'freedom' | ahead | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|j}}
| yeye {{IPA|[ˈjɛjɛ]}} 'he/she' | yellow | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|k}}
| kitabu {{IPA|[kiˈtɑbu]}} 'book' | scald | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|l}}
| lakini {{IPA|[lɑˈkini]}} 'but'Swahili {{IPA|/r/}} is either a short trill [r] or more commonly a flap [{{IPA link|ɾ}}] in many areas. The distinction between {{IPA|/l/}} and {{IPA|/r/}} is a recent one, and many speakers have only a single sound, often an alveolar lateral flap {{IPAblink|ɺ}} | lack | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|m}}
| damu {{IPA|[ˈɗɑmu]}} 'blood' | mocha | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|m̩}}
| mtoto {{IPA|[m̩ˈtɔtɔ]}} 'child' | rhythm | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ᵐb}}
| mbali {{IPA|[ˈᵐbɑli]}} 'far' | clamber | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ᶬv}}
| mvinyo {{IPA|[ˈᶬviɲɔ]}} 'spirits' | Humvee | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|n}}
| nini {{IPA|[ˈnini]}} 'what' | ninny | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|n̩}}
| nchi {{IPA|[ˈn̩tʃi]}} 'country' | even (syllabic nasal) | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ⁿd}}
| muhindi {{IPA|[muˈhiⁿdi]}} 'corn, maize' | handy | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}
| ngoma {{IPA|[ˈᵑɡɔmɑ]}} 'drum' | finger | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ⁿdʒ}}
| injili {{IPA|[iˈⁿdʒili]}} 'gospel' | range | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ⁿz}}
| kwanza {{IPA|[ˈkwɑⁿzɑ]}} 'to begin' | pansy | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| nyoka {{IPA|[ˈɲɔkɑ]}} 'snake' | canyon | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}
| ng' | sing | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|p}}
| kikapu {{IPA|[kiˈkɑpu]}} 'basket' | spill | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|r}}
| rafiki {{IPA|[rɑˈfiki]}} 'friend' | N. Am. and Australian atom | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|s}}
| sisi {{IPA|[ˈsisi]}} 'we' | stole | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| shamba {{IPA|[ˈʃɑᵐbɑ]}} 'farm, field' | shell | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|t}}
| moto {{IPA|[ˈmɔtɔ]}} 'fire' | stand | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|tʃ}}
| chumba {{IPA|[ˈtʃuᵐbɑ]}} 'room' | chase | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|θ}}
| thelathini {{IPA|[θɛlɑˈθini]}} 'thirty' | think | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|v}}
| vitabu {{IPA|[viˈtɑbu]}} 'books' | vittle | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|w}}
| watu {{IPA|[ˈwɑtu]}} 'people' | with | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|x}}
| subulkheri {{IPA|[suɓulˈxɛri]}} 'good morning' | Scottish loch | ||
align="center" | {{IPA link|z}}
| maziwa {{IPA|[mɑˈziwɑ]}} 'milk' | zoo |
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Vowels | ||
IPA | Examples | English approximation |
---|---|---|
align="center" | {{IPAlink|ɑ}}
| baba {{IPA|[ˈɓɑɓɑ]}} 'father' | father | ||
align="center" | {{IPAlink|ɛ}}
| ndege {{IPA|[ˈⁿdɛɠɛ]}} 'bird' | let | ||
align="center" | {{IPAlink|i}}
| Kiswahili {{IPA|[kiswɑˈhili]}} 'Swahili (language)' | meat | ||
align="center" | {{IPAlink|ɔ}}
| mtoto {{IPA|[m̩ˈtɔtɔ]}} 'child' | off | ||
align="center" | {{IPAlink|u}}
| uhuru {{IPA|[uˈhuɾu]}} 'freedom' | fool | ||
align="center" | {{IPAlink|ː}}
| kondoo {{IPA|[kɔˈⁿdɔː]}} 'sheep' |
class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" | Suprasegmentals |
IPA
!Examples !Explanation |
---|
align="center" |{{IPA link|ˈ}}
|safari {{IPA|[sɑˈfɑri]}} 'journey' |stressStress usually falls on the penultimate syllable of a word. |
Notes
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation
|last=Contini-Morava
|first=Ellen
|editor-last=Kaye
|editor-first=Allen
|year=1997
|title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa
|publisher=Eisenbrauns
|chapter=Swahili phonology
|volume=1
|pages=841–860
}}
- {{citation
|last=Mohammed
|first=Mohammed Abdullah
|year=2001
|title=Modern Swahili Grammar
|place=Nairobi
|publisher=East African Educational Publishers Ltd.
|isbn=9966-46-761-0
}}
{{refend}}
See also
- {{clc|Pages with Swahili (macrolanguage) IPA|pages}}
{{IPA keys}}