Help:IPA/Ukrainian

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Ukrainian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Ukrainian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript {{angbr IPA|ʲ}}, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, like the articulation of the y sound in yes.

See Ukrainian phonology and Ukrainian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Ukrainian.

class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" \| Consonants
colspan="4" \| Hard ! colspan="4" \| Soft
IPA	colspan="2" \| Examples	English approximations	IPA	colspan="2" \| Examples	English approximations
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|b}} \| {{lang\|uk\|бог}}Voiceless obstruents {{IPA\|/p t tʲ ts tsʲ tʃ k x f s sʲ ʃ/}} are voiced {{IPA\|[b d dʲ dz dzʲ dʒ ɡ ɣ v z zʲ ʒ]}} before other voiced obstruents. {{IPA\|[ɣ]}} and {{IPA\|[v]}} only ever occur in this case. \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-Бог.ogg\|[bɔɦ]}} \| boot \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|d̪\|d}} \| {{lang\|uk\|дим}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-дим.ogg\|[dɪm]}} \| do \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|dʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|дім}}, {{lang\|uk\|мідь}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-дім.ogg\|[d⁽ʲ⁾im]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-мідь.oga\|[midʲ]}} \|media
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|d̪͡z̪\|dz}} \| {{lang\|uk\|дзе́ркало}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-дзеркало.ogg\|[ˈdzɛrkɐlo]}} \| pads \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|dzʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ґедзь}}, {{lang\|uk\|дзьоб}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ґедзь.ogg\|[ɡɛdzʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-дзьоб.ogg\|[dzʲɔb]}} \| pad's yours
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|dʒ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|джміль}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-джміль.ogg\|[dʒmilʲ]}} \|jump, ridge \| colspan="4" rowspan="5" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|f}} \| {{lang\|uk\|фа́рба}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-фарба.ogg\|[ˈfɑrbɐ]}} \| fool
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɡ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ґа́нок}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ґанок.ogg\|[ˈɡɑnok]}} \| good
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɣ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|чахохбі́лі}} \| {{IPA\|[tʃɐxoɣˈbil⁽ʲ⁾i]}} \| between good and hood
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɦ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|газе́та}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-газета.ogg\|[ɦɐˈzɛtɐ]}} \| behind
colspan="4" {{n/a}} \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|j}} \| {{lang\|uk\|йти}}, {{lang\|uk\|гай}}, {{lang\|uk\|їда́льня}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-йти.ogg\|[jtɪ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-гай.ogg\|[ɦɑj]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-їдальня.ogg\|[jiˈdɑlʲnʲɐ]}} \|yes
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|k}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ключ}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ключ.ogg\|[klʲutʃ]}} \| scar \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɫ\|l}} \| {{lang\|uk\|лось}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-лось.ogg\|[lɔsʲ]}} \| bell \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|lʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|лід}}, {{lang\|uk\|сіль}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-лід.ogg\|[l⁽ʲ⁾id]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-сіль.ogg\|[s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]}} \| million
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|m}} \| {{lang\|uk\|мир}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-мир.ogg\|[mɪr]}} \| moot \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|n̪\|n}} \| {{lang\|uk\|не́бо}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-небо.ogg\|[ˈnɛbo]}} \| noon \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|nʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ні́жний}}, {{lang\|uk\|день}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ніжний.ogg\|[ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-день.ogg\|[dɛnʲ]}} \| canyon
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|p}} \| {{lang\|uk\|пил}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-пил.ogg\|[pɪl]}} \| spare \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|r}} \| {{lang\|uk\|лі́кар}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-лікар.ogg\|[ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]}} \| trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|rʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|рі́чка}}, {{lang\|uk\|буря́к}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-річка.ogg\|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-буряк.ogg\|[bʊˈrʲɑk]}} \| trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|s̪\|s}} \| {{lang\|uk\|суп}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-суп.ogg\|[sup]}} \| soup \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|sʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|сі́но}}, {{lang\|uk\|вісь}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-сіно.ogg\|[ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|LL-Q8798_(ukr)-Po_ukraińsku_(Andriana)-вісь.wav\|[w⁽ʲ⁾isʲ]}} \| assume (RP)
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ʃ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|шпари́на}}, {{lang\|uk\|ви́ще}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-шпарина.ogg\|[ʃpɐˈrɪnɐ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-вище.ogg\|[ˈwɪʃtʃe]}} \| shop \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|t̪\|t}} \| {{lang\|uk\|тин}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-тин.ogg\|[tɪn]}} \| star \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|tʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|тінь}}, {{lang\|uk\|мить}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-тінь.ogg\|[t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-мить.ogg\|[mɪtʲ]}} \| stew (RP)
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|t̪͡s̪\|ts}} \| {{lang\|uk\|цибу́ля}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-цибуля.ogg\|[tsɪˈbulʲɐ]}} \| cats \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|tsʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ціна́}}, {{lang\|uk\|віне́ць}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ціна.ogg\|[ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-вінець.ogg\|[w⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɛtsʲ]}} \| cat's young
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|tʃ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|очере́т}}, {{lang\|uk\|вище}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-очерет.ogg\|[otʃeˈrɛt]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-вище.ogg\|[ˈwɪʃtʃe]}} \| choose \| colspan="4" rowspan="3" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|w\|u̯}} \| {{lang\|uk\|вчи́тель}}, {{lang\|uk\|став}}The phoneme {{IPA\|/w/}} (spelled {{angbr\|в}}) has variable pronunciation, but is generally labiodental {{IPAblink\|ʋ}}; it is {{IPAblink\|w}} before {{IPA\|/ɔ/}} or {{IPA\|/u/}} and is vocalized to {{IPAblink\|u̯}} before a consonant at the beginning of a word, after a vowel before a consonant or after a vowel at the end of a word. For simplicity, we will use {{angbr IPA\|w}} for both {{IPA\|[ʋ]}} and {{IPA\|[w]}}. \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-вчитель.ogg\|[ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ]}}, {{IPA\|[stɑu̯]}} \| tow
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|v}} \| {{lang\|uk\|Афганіста́н}} \| {{IPA\|[ɐvɦɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɑn]}} \| vine
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ʋ\|w}} \| {{lang\|uk\|вода́}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-вода.ogg\|[woˈdɑ]}} \| between wine and vine \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|wʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ві́тер}}, {{lang\|uk\|цвях}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-вітер.ogg\|[ˈw⁽ʲ⁾iter]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-цвях.ogg\|[tsʲwʲɑx]}} \| between weak and veal
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|x}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ховра́х}} \| {{IPA\|[xou̯ˈrɑx]}} \| Bach, loch \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|z̪\|z}} \| {{lang\|uk\|зуб}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-зуб.ogg\|[zub]}} \| zoo \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA\|zʲ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|зі́ллю}}, {{lang\|uk\|рі́зьблення}} \| {{IPA\|[ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-різьблення.ogg\|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]}} \| presume
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ʒ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|жи́то}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-жито.ogg\|[ˈʒɪto]}} \| measure \| colspan="4" {{n/a}}
colspan="8" \| Vowels
colspan="4" \| Stressed ! colspan="4" \| Unstressed
IPA ! colspan="2" \| Examples ! English approximation ! IPA ! colspan="2" \| Examples ! English approximation
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɑ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|гай}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-гай.ogg\|[ɦɑj]}} \| father \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɐ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|гарма́та}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-гармата.ogg\|[ɦɐrˈmɑtɐ]}} \| hug
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɛ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|день}}, {{lang\|uk\|є}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-день.ogg\|[dɛnʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|Uk-є.ogg\|[jɛ]}} \| met \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|e}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ефі́рний}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ефірний.ogg\|[eˈfirnɪj]}} \| rate
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|i}} \| {{lang\|uk\|кіт}}, {{lang\|uk\|і́кла}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-кіт.ogg\|[kit]}}, {{IPA\|[ˈiklɐ]}} \| meet \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|i}} \| {{lang\|uk\|біле́т}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-білет.ogg\|[biˈlɛt]}} \| meet
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɪ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ми́ша}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-миша.ogg\|[ˈmɪʃɐ]}} \| bit \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɪ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|кра́сний}}May also be realized as {{IPAblink\|e}}. \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-красний.ogg\|[ˈkrɑsnɪj]}} \| bit
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ɔ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|по́ле}}, {{lang\|uk\|льон}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-поле.ogg\|[ˈpɔle]}}, {{IPA\|[lʲɔn]}} \| off \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|o}} \| {{lang\|uk\|ору́дний}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-орудний.ogg\|[oˈrudnɪj]}} \| story
style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|u}} \| {{lang\|uk\|дух}}, {{lang\|uk\|лють}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-дух.ogg\|[dux]}}, {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-лють.ogg\|[lʲutʲ]}} \| fool \| style="text-align: center;" \|{{IPA link\|ʊ}} \| {{lang\|uk\|туди́}} \| {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-туди.ogg\|[tʊˈdɪ]}} \| put
colspan="8" \| Other symbols
colspan="3" \| IPA	colspan="5" \| Explanation
colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" \| {{IPA link\|ˈ\|ˈ◌}} \| colspan="5" \| stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" \| {{IPA link\|ˌ\|ˌ◌}} \| colspan="5" \| secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" \| {{IPAlink\|ː\|◌ː}} \| colspan="5" \| gemination (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)In Ukrainian, geminates are found between vowels: {{lang\|uk\|бага́ття}} {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-багаття.ogg\|[bɐˈɦɑtʲːɐ]}} 'bonfire', {{lang\|uk\|подру́жжя}} {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-подружжя.ogg\|[poˈdruʒːɐ]}} 'married couple', {{lang\|uk\|обли́ччя}} {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-обличчя.ogg\|[oˈblɪtʃːɐ]}} 'face'. Geminates also occur at the beginning of a few words: {{lang\|uk\|лля́ний}} {{IPA\|[ˈlʲːɑnɪj]}} 'flaxen', forms of the verb {{lang\|uk\|ли́ти}} 'to pour' ({{lang\|uk\|ллючи́}} {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ллючи.ogg\|[lʲːʊˈtʃɪ]}}, {{lang\|uk\|ллю}} {{IPA\|[lʲːu]}}, {{lang\|uk\|ллєш}} {{IPA\|[lʲːɛʃ]}}, etc.), {{lang\|uk\|сса́ти}} {{audio-IPA\|help=no\|uk-ссати.ogg\|[ˈsːɑtɪ]}} 'to suck' and derivatives.{{fact}}
colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" \| {{IPA\|◌⁽ʲ⁾}} \| colspan="5" \| optional nature of consonant palatalization before {{IPA\|/i/}}

class="wikitable"

! colspan="8" | Consonants

colspan="4" | Hard

! colspan="4" | Soft

IPA

colspan="2" | Examples

English approximations

IPA

colspan="2" | Examples

English approximations

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|b}}

| {{lang|uk|бог}}Voiceless obstruents {{IPA|/p t tʲ ts tsʲ tʃ k x f s sʲ ʃ/}} are voiced {{IPA|[b d dʲ dz dzʲ dʒ ɡ ɣ v z zʲ ʒ]}} before other voiced obstruents. {{IPA|[ɣ]}} and {{IPA|[v]}} only ever occur in this case.

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-Бог.ogg|[bɔɦ]}}

| boot

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|d̪|d}}

| {{lang|uk|дим}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дим.ogg|[dɪm]}}

| do

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|dʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|дім}}, {{lang|uk|мідь}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дім.ogg|[d⁽ʲ⁾im]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-мідь.oga|[midʲ]}}

|media

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|d̪͡z̪|dz}}

| {{lang|uk|дзе́ркало}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дзеркало.ogg|[ˈdzɛrkɐlo]}}

| pads

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|dzʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|ґедзь}}, {{lang|uk|дзьоб}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ґедзь.ogg|[ɡɛdzʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дзьоб.ogg|[dzʲɔb]}}

| pad's yours

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|dʒ}}

| {{lang|uk|джміль}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-джміль.ogg|[dʒmilʲ]}}

|jump, ridge

| colspan="4" rowspan="5" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|f}}

| {{lang|uk|фа́рба}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-фарба.ogg|[ˈfɑrbɐ]}}

| fool

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɡ}}

| {{lang|uk|ґа́нок}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ґанок.ogg|[ˈɡɑnok]}}

| good

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɣ}}

| {{lang|uk|чахохбі́лі}}

| {{IPA|[tʃɐxoɣˈbil⁽ʲ⁾i]}}

| between good and hood

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɦ}}

| {{lang|uk|газе́та}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-газета.ogg|[ɦɐˈzɛtɐ]}}

| behind

colspan="4" {{n/a}}

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|j}}

| {{lang|uk|йти}}, {{lang|uk|гай}}, {{lang|uk|їда́льня}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-йти.ogg|[jtɪ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-гай.ogg|[ɦɑj]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-їдальня.ogg|[jiˈdɑlʲnʲɐ]}}

|yes

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|k}}

| {{lang|uk|ключ}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ключ.ogg|[klʲutʃ]}}

| scar

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɫ|l}}

| {{lang|uk|лось}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лось.ogg|[lɔsʲ]}}

| bell

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|lʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|лід}}, {{lang|uk|сіль}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лід.ogg|[l⁽ʲ⁾id]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-сіль.ogg|[s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]}}

| million

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|m}}

| {{lang|uk|мир}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-мир.ogg|[mɪr]}}

| moot

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|n̪|n}}

| {{lang|uk|не́бо}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-небо.ogg|[ˈnɛbo]}}

| noon

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|nʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|ні́жний}}, {{lang|uk|день}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ніжний.ogg|[ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-день.ogg|[dɛnʲ]}}

| canyon

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|p}}

| {{lang|uk|пил}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-пил.ogg|[pɪl]}}

| spare

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|r}}

| {{lang|uk|лі́кар}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лікар.ogg|[ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]}}

| trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|rʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|рі́чка}}, {{lang|uk|буря́к}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-річка.ogg|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-буряк.ogg|[bʊˈrʲɑk]}}

| trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|s̪|s}}

| {{lang|uk|суп}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-суп.ogg|[sup]}}

| soup

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|sʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|сі́но}}, {{lang|uk|вісь}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-сіно.ogg|[ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|LL-Q8798_(ukr)-Po_ukraińsku_(Andriana)-вісь.wav|[w⁽ʲ⁾isʲ]}}

| assume (RP)

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ʃ}}

| {{lang|uk|шпари́на}}, {{lang|uk|ви́ще}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-шпарина.ogg|[ʃpɐˈrɪnɐ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вище.ogg|[ˈwɪʃtʃe]}}

| shop

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|t̪|t}}

| {{lang|uk|тин}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-тин.ogg|[tɪn]}}

| star

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|tʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|тінь}}, {{lang|uk|мить}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-тінь.ogg|[t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-мить.ogg|[mɪtʲ]}}

| stew (RP)

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|t̪͡s̪|ts}}

| {{lang|uk|цибу́ля}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-цибуля.ogg|[tsɪˈbulʲɐ]}}

| cats

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|tsʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|ціна́}}, {{lang|uk|віне́ць}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ціна.ogg|[ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вінець.ogg|[w⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɛtsʲ]}}

| cat's young

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|tʃ}}

| {{lang|uk|очере́т}}, {{lang|uk|вище}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-очерет.ogg|[otʃeˈrɛt]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вище.ogg|[ˈwɪʃtʃe]}}

| choose

| colspan="4" rowspan="3" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|w|u̯}}

| {{lang|uk|вчи́тель}}, {{lang|uk|став}}The phoneme {{IPA|/w/}} (spelled {{angbr|в}}) has variable pronunciation, but is generally labiodental {{IPAblink|ʋ}}; it is {{IPAblink|w}} before {{IPA|/ɔ/}} or {{IPA|/u/}} and is vocalized to {{IPAblink|u̯}} before a consonant at the beginning of a word, after a vowel before a consonant or after a vowel at the end of a word. For simplicity, we will use {{angbr IPA|w}} for both {{IPA|[ʋ]}} and {{IPA|[w]}}.

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вчитель.ogg|[ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ]}}, {{IPA|[stɑu̯]}}

| tow

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|v}}

| {{lang|uk|Афганіста́н}}

| {{IPA|[ɐvɦɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɑn]}}

| vine

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ʋ|w}}

| {{lang|uk|вода́}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вода.ogg|[woˈdɑ]}}

| between wine and vine

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|wʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|ві́тер}}, {{lang|uk|цвях}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-вітер.ogg|[ˈw⁽ʲ⁾iter]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-цвях.ogg|[tsʲwʲɑx]}}

| between weak and veal

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|x}}

| {{lang|uk|ховра́х}}

| {{IPA|[xou̯ˈrɑx]}}

| Bach, loch

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|z̪|z}}

| {{lang|uk|зуб}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-зуб.ogg|[zub]}}

| zoo

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA|zʲ}}

| {{lang|uk|зі́ллю}}, {{lang|uk|рі́зьблення}}

| {{IPA|[ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-різьблення.ogg|[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]}}

| presume

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ʒ}}

| {{lang|uk|жи́то}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-жито.ogg|[ˈʒɪto]}}

| measure

| colspan="4" {{n/a}}

colspan="8" | Vowels

colspan="4" | Stressed

! colspan="4" | Unstressed

IPA

! colspan="2" | Examples

! English approximation

! IPA

! colspan="2" | Examples

! English approximation

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɑ}}

| {{lang|uk|гай}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-гай.ogg|[ɦɑj]}}

| father

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɐ}}

| {{lang|uk|гарма́та}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-гармата.ogg|[ɦɐrˈmɑtɐ]}}

| hug

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɛ}}

| {{lang|uk|день}}, {{lang|uk|є}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-день.ogg|[dɛnʲ]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|Uk-є.ogg|[jɛ]}}

| met

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|e}}

| {{lang|uk|ефі́рний}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ефірний.ogg|[eˈfirnɪj]}}

| rate

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|i}}

| {{lang|uk|кіт}}, {{lang|uk|і́кла}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-кіт.ogg|[kit]}}, {{IPA|[ˈiklɐ]}}

| meet

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|i}}

| {{lang|uk|біле́т}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-білет.ogg|[biˈlɛt]}}

| meet

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɪ}}

| {{lang|uk|ми́ша}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-миша.ogg|[ˈmɪʃɐ]}}

| bit

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɪ}}

| {{lang|uk|кра́сний}}May also be realized as {{IPAblink|e}}.

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-красний.ogg|[ˈkrɑsnɪj]}}

| bit

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ɔ}}

| {{lang|uk|по́ле}}, {{lang|uk|льон}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-поле.ogg|[ˈpɔle]}}, {{IPA|[lʲɔn]}}

| off

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|o}}

| {{lang|uk|ору́дний}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-орудний.ogg|[oˈrudnɪj]}}

| story

style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|u}}

| {{lang|uk|дух}}, {{lang|uk|лють}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-дух.ogg|[dux]}}, {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-лють.ogg|[lʲutʲ]}}

| fool

| style="text-align: center;" |{{IPA link|ʊ}}

| {{lang|uk|туди́}}

| {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-туди.ogg|[tʊˈdɪ]}}

| put

colspan="8" | Other symbols

colspan="3" | IPA

colspan="5" | Explanation

colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ˈ|ˈ◌}}

| colspan="5" | stress (placed before the stressed syllable)

colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ˌ|ˌ◌}}

| colspan="5" | secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)

colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPAlink|ː|◌ː}}

| colspan="5" | gemination (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)In Ukrainian, geminates are found between vowels: {{lang|uk|бага́ття}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-багаття.ogg|[bɐˈɦɑtʲːɐ]}} 'bonfire', {{lang|uk|подру́жжя}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-подружжя.ogg|[poˈdruʒːɐ]}} 'married couple', {{lang|uk|обли́ччя}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-обличчя.ogg|[oˈblɪtʃːɐ]}} 'face'. Geminates also occur at the beginning of a few words: {{lang|uk|лля́ний}} {{IPA|[ˈlʲːɑnɪj]}} 'flaxen', forms of the verb {{lang|uk|ли́ти}} 'to pour' ({{lang|uk|ллючи́}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ллючи.ogg|[lʲːʊˈtʃɪ]}}, {{lang|uk|ллю}} {{IPA|[lʲːu]}}, {{lang|uk|ллєш}} {{IPA|[lʲːɛʃ]}}, etc.), {{lang|uk|сса́ти}} {{audio-IPA|help=no|uk-ссати.ogg|[ˈsːɑtɪ]}} 'to suck' and derivatives.{{fact}}

colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|◌⁽ʲ⁾}}

| colspan="5" | optional nature of consonant palatalization before {{IPA|/i/}}

References

Bibliography

{{cite book

| last1=Danyenko

| first1=Andrii

| last2=Vakulenko

| first2=Serhii

| year=1995

| title=Ukrainian

| publisher=Lincom Europa

| isbn=978-3-929075-08-3

| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ

}}

{{cite book

| last1=Жовтобрюх

| first1=М.А.

| last2=Кулик

| first2=Б.М.

| year=1965

| script-title=uk:Курс сучасної української літературної мови. Частина I.

| publisher=Радянська школа

| place=Kyiv

| language=uk

}}

Help:IPA/Ukrainian

References

Bibliography

See also