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Help:IPA/Wolof

{{IPA key|H:IPA-WO|H:IPAWO}}

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Wolof pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.http://wolofresources.org/language/sounds.htm For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Wolof phonology for a less thorough look at the sounds of Wolof.

style="background: none;"

| style="vertical-align: top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"

! colspan="3" | Consonants

IPA

! Examples

! English approximation

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|b}}

| {{lang|wo|feebar}}

| beet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|p̚}}

| {{lang|wo|xob}}

| tub

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|bˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|jubbanti}}

| beet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|bˑᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|mbubb}}

| beet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|c}}

| {{lang|wo|caabi}}

| chat

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|cˑʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|racctal}}

| chat

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|d̺}}

| {{lang|wo|raadu}}

| duck

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|d̺ˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|kuddu}}

| duck

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|d̺ˑᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|gudd}}

| duck

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|f}}

| {{lang|wo|fetal}}

| four

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}

| {{lang|wo|garab}}

| game

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|k̚}}

| {{lang|wo|jasig}}

| bag

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɡˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|àggale}}

| game

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɡˑᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|digg}}

| game

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɟ}}

| {{lang|wo|léjum}}

| jump

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|c̚}}

| {{lang|wo|xaj}}

| badge

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɟˑʱ}}

| {{lang|wo|béjjén}}

| jump

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|k}}

| {{lang|wo|seku}}

| kick

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|kˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|bakkan}}

| kick

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|kˑʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|ëkk}}

| kick

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|l}}

| {{lang|wo|xaalis}}

| love

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɫ}}

| {{lang|wo|armeel}}

| ball

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|lː}}

| {{lang|wo|jullit}}

| love

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɫːᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|sàll}}

| ball

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|m}}

| {{lang|wo|baaraam}}

| meet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|mː}}

| {{lang|wo|bàmmeel}}

| meet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|mːᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|sàmm}}

| meet

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵐb}}

| {{lang|wo|mboq}}

| similar to samba

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵐbᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|demb}}

| similar to samba

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵐp}}

| {{lang|wo|dompat}}

| similar to pamper

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵐpʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|samp}}

| similar to pamper

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n̪̺}}

| {{lang|wo|néeg}}

| not

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n̪̺ˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|junni}}

| not

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|n̪̺ˑᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|bënn}}

| not

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᶮc}}

| {{lang|wo|conco}}

| similar to bench

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᶮcʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|pénc}}

| similar to bench

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ⁿd̺}}

| {{lang|wo|ndaa}}

| similar to sand

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ⁿd̺ᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|pënd}}

| similar to sand

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

| {{lang|wo|jàngal}}

| long

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵑɡᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|song}}

| long

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᶮɟ}}

| {{lang|wo|junjuŋ}}

| similar to banjo

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᶮɟᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|jànj}}

| similar to banjo

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵑk}}

| {{lang|wo|ponkal}}

| similar to bank

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᵑkʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|tànk}}

| similar to bank

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᶰq}}

| {{lang|wo|sanqal}}

| similar to bank but harsher

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ᶰqʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|janq}}

| similar to bank but harsher

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ⁿt̺}}

| {{lang|wo|santaane}}

| similar to banter

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ⁿt̺ʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|bunt}}

| similar to banter

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}

| {{lang|wo|ñey}}

| similar to onion

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɲː}}

| {{lang|wo|wàññi}}

| similar to onion

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɲːᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|waññ}}

| similar to onion

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}

| {{lang|wo|ŋëb}}

| long

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋː}}

| {{lang|wo|waŋŋeetu}}

| long

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ŋːᵊ}}

| {{lang|wo|doŋŋ}}

| long

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|p}}

| {{lang|wo|paaka}}

| pizza

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|pˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|koppin}}

| pizza

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|pˑʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|bopp}}

| pizza

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|qˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|bëqët}}

| cat but "harsher"

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|qˑʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|mboq}}

| back but "harsher"

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɾ}}

| {{lang|wo|reen}}

| GA better

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|r}}

| {{lang|wo|jérr}}

| rolled r

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|sᵓ}}

| {{lang|wo|sas}}

| sock

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|t̺}}

| {{lang|wo|tànk}}

| tall

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|t̺ˑ}}

| {{lang|wo|butti}}

| tall

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|t̺ˑʰ}}

| {{lang|wo|matt}}

| tall

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|w}}

| {{lang|wo|wéer}}

| wait

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|wː}}

| {{lang|wo|tawwi}}

| wait

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|x}}

| {{lang|wo|xam}}{{efn|name=xaloph|{{angbr|x}} ([{{IPA link|x}}]) can alternatively be pronounced [{{IPA link|χ}}], and is even pronounced [{{IPA link|ɣ}}] by some speakers in certain cituations.}}

| hat but "harsher"

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|j}}

| {{lang|wo|yaay}}

| you

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|jː}}

| {{lang|wo|guyy}}

| you

colspan="3" | Marginal/Loaned sounds
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ä̃}}

| {{lang|wo|sãs}}{{efn|name=rare|Found extremely rarely in few words.}}

| French sans

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɘː}}

| {{lang|wo|bëer}}{{efn|name=rare}}

| bird

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|h}}

| {{lang|wo|haj}}{{efn|name=loans|Found in loans of various origins.}}

| hat

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| {{lang|wo|TBA}}{{efn|name=frances|Found in various french loans in Urban Wolof}}

| ship

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|v}}

| {{lang|wo|TBA}}{{efn|name=loans}}

| vit

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|z}}

| {{lang|wo|TBA}}{{efn|name=loans}}

| zip

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}

| {{lang|wo|TBA}}{{efn|name=frances}}

| measure

colspan="3" | Stress
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ˈ}}

| rowspan="2" | {{lang|mnk|TBA}} {{IPA|[ˈTBA]}}
{{lang|mnk|TBA}} {{IPA|[ˈTBA]}}

| rowspan="2" | as in commandeer
{{IPA|/ˌkɒmənˈdiər/}}

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ˌ}}

| style="vertical-align: top;" |

class="wikitable"

! colspan="3" | Vowels

IPA

! Examples

! English approximation

colspan="3" | Monophthongs
style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɐ}}

| {{lang|wo|lal}}

| similar to cat

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|aː}}

| {{lang|wo|aada}}

| similar to father

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|a}}

| {{lang|wo|dàll}}{{efn|name=hi|In most occurances, {{angbr|à}} [{{IPA link|a}}] is simply an allophone of {{angbr|a}} [{{IPA link|ɐ}}]. However, in few words there is a phonemic contrast. e.g.: {{angbr|and}} (incense pot) {{IPA|[ɐⁿd̺ᵊ]}} vs {{angbr|ànd}} (to accompany) {{IPA|[aⁿd̺ᵊ]}}, or {{angbr|xamb}} (to poke a fire) {{IPA|[xɐᵐbᵊ]}} vs {{angbr|xàmb}} (spirit shrine) {{IPA|[xaᵐbᵊ]}}.}}

| British cat; somewhat like cut in other dialects.

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ä̃}}

| see Marginal/Loaned sounds.

| French sans

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɛ}}

| {{lang|wo|dem}}

| met

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɛː}}

| {{lang|wo|reer}}

| similar to square

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|e}}

| {{lang|wo|dég}}

| similar to met

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|eː}}

| {{lang|wo|téeñ}}

| square

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɘ}}

| {{lang|wo|kër}}

| the

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɘː}}

| see Marginal/Loaned sounds.

| bird

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|i}}

| {{lang|wo|bukki}}

| similar to dip

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|iː}}

| {{lang|wo|biir}}

| deep

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔ}}

| {{lang|wo|golo}}

| GA boy

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|ɔː}}

| {{lang|wo|woom}}

| for

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|o}}

| {{lang|wo|jóge}}

| story (short)

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|oː}}

| {{lang|wo|bóom}}

| story (long)

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|u}}

| {{lang|wo|ubbi}}

| similar to foot

style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA link|uː}}

| {{lang|wo|buur}}

| cool

|}

{{Notelist}}

Notes

References

{{Refbegin}}

{{Refend}}

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Wolof IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}