Help:IPA/Wu Chinese

The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Wu Chinese (吳語). For simplicity, only one romanization is given. See romanization of Wu Chinese for more variants.

style="background:none"
style="vertical-align:top;" \| {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="4" \| Initial consonants
IPA ! Wugniu ! Examples{{efn-lr\|name=examples\|Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 上海话大词典 (2007).{{cite book\|title=上海话大词典\|trans-title=Shanghainese Grand Dictionary\|editor-last=钱乃荣\|editor-last2=许宝华\|editor-last3= 汤珍珠\|publisher=上海辞书出版社\|date=2007\|url=}}}}
{{IPAlink\|b}} \|b \| {{IPA\|[du˨ bi˥ za˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|肚皮射\|Mandarin gloss: 拉肚子}}
{{IPAlink\|ɕ}} \|sh \| {{IPA\|[bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ ŋu˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|白相我\|Mandarin gloss: 耍弄我}}
{{IPAlink\|d}} \|d \| {{IPA\|[ɲiɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|日頭\|Mandarin gloss: 太陽}}
{{IPAlink\|dʑ}} \|j \| {{IPA\|[tsaʔ˦ dʑi˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|着棋\|Mandarin gloss: 下棋}}
{{IPAlink\|f}} \|f \| {{IPA\|[zɹ̩˨ le˥ fu˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|自來火\|Mandarin gloss: 火柴}}
{{IPAlink\|g}} \|g \| {{IPA\|[ɡa˨ se˥ βu˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|茄山河\|Mandarin gloss: 聊天兒}}
{{IPAlink\|h}} \|h \| {{IPA\|[kʰwən˧ loʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|睏落寣\|Mandarin gloss: 睡深}}
{{IPAlink\|ɦ}} \|gh \| {{IPA\|[fɑ̃˦ ɦjɔ˨ tsɹ̩˦]}} {{tooltip\|放鷂子\|Mandarin gloss: 放風箏}}
{{IPAlink\|k}} \|k \| {{IPA\|[doʔ˩ ka˨ tsʰən˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|獨家村\|Mandarin gloss: 不與人來往的人}}
{{IPAlink\|kʰ}} \|kh \| {{IPA\|[ɦja˨ kʰwa˥ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|夜快頭\|Mandarin gloss: 傍晚}}
{{IPAlink\|l}} \|l \| {{IPA\|[lɔ˨ zoŋ˦]}} {{tooltip\|老蟲\|Mandarin gloss: 老鼠}}
{{IPAlink\|m}} \|m \| {{IPA\|[tɕjaʔ˧ mø˥ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|腳饅頭\|Mandarin gloss: 膝蓋}}
{{IPAlink\|n}} \|n \| {{IPA\|[tsʰoʔ˥ na˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|戳㑚\|Mandarin gloss: 他媽的}}
{{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \|ng \| {{IPA\|[jɪʔ˧ ŋe˥ ŋe˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|一眼眼\|Mandarin gloss: 一點兒}}
{{IPAlink\|ɲ}}{{efn-lr\|name=fn3}} \|gn \| {{IPA\|[kʰe˦ koʔ˧ ɲy˦ ]}} {{tooltip\|開國語\|Mandarin gloss: 講普通話}}
{{IPAlink\|p}} \|p \| {{IPA\|[liɪʔ˩ piɪʔ˨ koʔ˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|立壁角\|Mandarin gloss: 罰站在教室的一角}}
{{IPAlink\|pʰ}} \|ph \| {{IPA\|[tsɔ˧ pʰi˥ ke˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|灶披間\|Mandarin gloss: 廚房}}
{{IPAlink\|s}} \|s \|{{IPA\|[sən˧ kɔ˥ ɲioʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|笋烤肉\|Mandarin gloss: 用竹板打屁股}}
{{IPAlink\|t}} \|t \| {{IPA\|[tã˧ kʰe˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|打開司\|Mandarin gloss: 親嘴}}
{{IPAlink\|tɕ}} \|c \| {{IPA\|[tsʰo˦ mo˨ tɕjã˦]}} {{tooltip\|搓麻將\|Mandarin gloss: 打麻將}}
{{IPAlink\|tɕʰ}} \|ch \| {{IPA\|[loʔ˩ tɕʰi˨ le˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|䟿起來\|Mandarin gloss: 起床}}
{{IPAlink\|tʰ}} \|th \| {{IPA\|[ze˨ tʰu˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|饞唾水\|Mandarin gloss: 口水}}
{{IPAlink\|ts}} \|ts \| {{IPA\|[tʰe˧ tsɔ˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|退招勢\|Mandarin gloss: 丟臉}}
{{IPAlink\|tsʰ}} \|tsh \| {{IPA\|[tsʰaʔ˧ u˦]}} {{tooltip\|拆汙\|Mandarin gloss: 拉屎}}
{{IPAlink\|v}} \|v \| {{IPA\|[ve˨ te˦]}} {{tooltip\|飯單\|Mandarin gloss: 圍裙}}
{{IPAlink\|z}} \|z \| {{IPA\|[zã˨ sən˥ ku˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|長生果\|Mandarin gloss: 花生}}
{{IPAlink\|ʑ}} \|zh \| {{IPA\|[ʑjɲ˨ ɕjã˥ mo˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|尋相罵\|Mandarin gloss: 吵架}}

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style="vertical-align:top;"

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Initial consonants

IPA

! Wugniu

! Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples|Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 上海话大词典 (2007).{{cite book|title=上海话大词典|trans-title=Shanghainese Grand Dictionary|editor-last=钱乃荣|editor-last2=许宝华|editor-last3= 汤珍珠|publisher=上海辞书出版社|date=2007|url=}}}}

| {{IPA|[du˨ bi˥ za˨˩]}} {{tooltip|肚皮射|Mandarin gloss: 拉肚子}}

|sh

| {{IPA|[bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ ŋu˨˧]}} {{tooltip|白相我|Mandarin gloss: 耍弄我}}

| {{IPA|[ɲiɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧]}} {{tooltip|日頭|Mandarin gloss: 太陽}}

| {{IPA|[tsaʔ˦ dʑi˨˧]}} {{tooltip|着棋|Mandarin gloss: 下棋}}

| {{IPA|[zɹ̩˨ le˥ fu˨˩]}} {{tooltip|自來火|Mandarin gloss: 火柴}}

| {{IPA|[ɡa˨ se˥ βu˨˩]}} {{tooltip|茄山河|Mandarin gloss: 聊天兒}}

| {{IPA|[kʰwən˧ loʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|睏落寣|Mandarin gloss: 睡深}}

|gh

| {{IPA|[fɑ̃˦ ɦjɔ˨ tsɹ̩˦]}} {{tooltip|放鷂子|Mandarin gloss: 放風箏}}

| {{IPA|[doʔ˩ ka˨ tsʰən˨˧]}} {{tooltip|獨家村|Mandarin gloss: 不與人來往的人}}

|kh

| {{IPA|[ɦja˨ kʰwa˥ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|夜快頭|Mandarin gloss: 傍晚}}

| {{IPA|[lɔ˨ zoŋ˦]}} {{tooltip|老蟲|Mandarin gloss: 老鼠}}

| {{IPA|[tɕjaʔ˧ mø˥ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|腳饅頭|Mandarin gloss: 膝蓋}}

| {{IPA|[tsʰoʔ˥ na˨˩]}} {{tooltip|戳㑚|Mandarin gloss: 他媽的}}

|ng

| {{IPA|[jɪʔ˧ ŋe˥ ŋe˨˩]}} {{tooltip|一眼眼|Mandarin gloss: 一點兒}}

|gn

| {{IPA|[kʰe˦ koʔ˧ ɲy˦ ]}} {{tooltip|開國語|Mandarin gloss: 講普通話}}

| {{IPA|[liɪʔ˩ piɪʔ˨ koʔ˨˧]}} {{tooltip|立壁角|Mandarin gloss: 罰站在教室的一角}}

|ph

| {{IPA|[tsɔ˧ pʰi˥ ke˨˩]}} {{tooltip|灶披間|Mandarin gloss: 廚房}}

|{{IPA|[sən˧ kɔ˥ ɲioʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|笋烤肉|Mandarin gloss: 用竹板打屁股}}

| {{IPA|[tã˧ kʰe˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip|打開司|Mandarin gloss: 親嘴}}

| {{IPA|[tsʰo˦ mo˨ tɕjã˦]}} {{tooltip|搓麻將|Mandarin gloss: 打麻將}}

|ch

| {{IPA|[loʔ˩ tɕʰi˨ le˨˧]}} {{tooltip|䟿起來|Mandarin gloss: 起床}}

|th

| {{IPA|[ze˨ tʰu˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip|饞唾水|Mandarin gloss: 口水}}

|ts

| {{IPA|[tʰe˧ tsɔ˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip|退招勢|Mandarin gloss: 丟臉}}

|tsh

| {{IPA|[tsʰaʔ˧ u˦]}} {{tooltip|拆汙|Mandarin gloss: 拉屎}}

| {{IPA|[ve˨ te˦]}} {{tooltip|飯單|Mandarin gloss: 圍裙}}

| {{IPA|[zã˨ sən˥ ku˨˩]}} {{tooltip|長生果|Mandarin gloss: 花生}}

|zh

| {{IPA|[ʑjɲ˨ ɕjã˥ mo˨˩]}} {{tooltip|尋相罵|Mandarin gloss: 吵架}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="4" \| Final consonants
colspan="2" \| IPA ! rowspan="2"\|Wugniu ! rowspan="2"\|Examples{{efn-lr\|name=examples}}
{{tooltip\|Cons.\|Consonants}} ! Rhyme
rowspan="4"\|-{{IPAlink\|n}}{{efn-lr\|name=fn19\|The final consonant {{IPA\|[-{{IPAlink\|n}}]}} is pronounced as {{IPA\|[-{{IPAlink\|ɲ}}]}} by some speakers.}} \|{{IPAlink\|ə}}{{IPAlink\|n}} \|en \| {{IPA\|[sa˧ zən˥ kwɑ̃˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|啥辰光\|Mandarin gloss: 什麼時候}}
{{IPAlink\|i}}{{IPAlink\|n}} \|in \| {{IPA\|[te˥ ge˧ ɲin˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|單隑人\|Mandarin gloss: 立人兒}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|ə}}{{IPAlink\|n}}{{efn-lr\|name=w}} \|uen \| {{IPA\|[kwən˧ di˥ loŋ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|滾地龍\|Mandarin gloss: 髒亂差的簡陋住房聚集處}}
{{IPAlink\|ɥ}}{{IPAlink\|n}}{{efn-lr\|name=y}} \|yn \| {{IPA\|[tɕʰi˥ ɦɥn˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|牽勻\|Mandarin gloss: 均勻}}
rowspan="2"\|-{{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \|{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|o}}{{IPAlink\|ŋ}}{{efn-lr\|name=j}} \| iong \| {{IPA\|[ɦjoŋ˨ dɤ˦]}} {{tooltip\|(嘸)用頭\|Mandarin gloss: (沒)用處}}
{{IPAlink\|o}}{{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \| ong \| {{IPA\|[su˥ kʰoŋ˧ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|蘇空頭\|Mandarin gloss: 對蘇州人的貶稱}}
rowspan="9"\|-{{IPAlink\|ʔ}} \|{{IPAlink\|a}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}} \| aq \| {{IPA\|[saʔ˧ laʔ˦]}} {{tooltip\|殺辣\|Mandarin gloss: 利落，手段嚴厲}}
{{IPAlink\|ə}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}} \| eq \| {{IPA\|[lɔ˨ kʰəʔ˥ laʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|老克拉\|Mandarin gloss: 在行, 處世老練的長者}}
{{IPAlink\|o}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}} \| oq \| {{IPA\|[loʔ˩ zã˨ sɹ̩˨˧ ]}} {{tooltip\|落場勢 \|Mandarin gloss: 下台階}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|a}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}{{efn-lr\|name=j}} \| iaq \| {{IPA\|[hwaʔ˧ tɕjaʔ˦]}} {{tooltip\|豁腳\|Mandarin gloss: 撒腿(就跑)}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|ɪ}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}{{efn-lr\|{{IPA\|[{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|ɪ}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}]}} is often shortened to be {{IPA\|[{{IPAlink\|ɪ}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}]}}. Also refer to {{efn-lr\|name=y}}.}} \| iq \| {{IPA\|[ɦã˨ tʰjɪʔ˥ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|杭鐵頭\|Mandarin gloss: 對杭州人的貶稱}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|o}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}{{efn-lr\|name=j}} \| ioq \| {{IPA\|[da˨ ɦjoʔ˦]}} {{tooltip\|汏浴\|Mandarin gloss: 洗澡}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|a}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}{{efn-lr\|name=w}} \| uaq \| {{IPA\|[hwaʔ˧ pi˦]}} {{tooltip\|豁邊\|Mandarin gloss: 過度而出格}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|ə}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}{{efn-lr\|name=w}} \| ueq \| {{IPA\|[ɦwəʔ˩ sən˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|猢猻\|Mandarin gloss: 猴子}}
{{IPAlink\|ɥ}}{{IPAlink\|ɪ}}{{IPAlink\|ʔ}}{{efn-lr\|name=y}} \| iuq \| {{IPA\|[faʔ˧ ɕɥɪʔ˦ ]}} {{tooltip\|發噱\|Mandarin gloss: 滑稽}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Final consonants

colspan="2" | IPA

! rowspan="2"|Wugniu

! rowspan="2"|Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples}}

! Rhyme

rowspan="4"|-{{IPAlink|n}}{{efn-lr|name=fn19|The final consonant {{IPA|[-{{IPAlink|n}}]}} is pronounced as {{IPA|[-{{IPAlink|ɲ}}]}} by some speakers.}}

|{{IPAlink|ə}}{{IPAlink|n}}

|en

| {{IPA|[sa˧ zən˥ kwɑ̃˨˩]}} {{tooltip|啥辰光|Mandarin gloss: 什麼時候}}

|in

| {{IPA|[te˥ ge˧ ɲin˨˩]}} {{tooltip|單隑人|Mandarin gloss: 立人兒}}

|uen

| {{IPA|[kwən˧ di˥ loŋ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|滾地龍|Mandarin gloss: 髒亂差的簡陋住房聚集處}}

|yn

| {{IPA|[tɕʰi˥ ɦɥn˨˩]}} {{tooltip|牽勻|Mandarin gloss: 均勻}}

rowspan="2"|-{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|o}}{{IPAlink|ŋ}}{{efn-lr|name=j}}

| iong

| {{IPA|[ɦjoŋ˨ dɤ˦]}} {{tooltip|(嘸)用頭|Mandarin gloss: (沒)用處}}

| ong

| {{IPA|[su˥ kʰoŋ˧ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|蘇空頭|Mandarin gloss: 對蘇州人的貶稱}}

rowspan="9"|-{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|{{IPAlink|a}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

| aq

| {{IPA|[saʔ˧ laʔ˦]}} {{tooltip|殺辣|Mandarin gloss: 利落，手段嚴厲}}

| eq

| {{IPA|[lɔ˨ kʰəʔ˥ laʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|老克拉|Mandarin gloss: 在行, 處世老練的長者}}

| oq

| {{IPA|[loʔ˩ zã˨ sɹ̩˨˧ ]}} {{tooltip|落場勢 |Mandarin gloss: 下台階}}

| iaq

| {{IPA|[hwaʔ˧ tɕjaʔ˦]}} {{tooltip|豁腳|Mandarin gloss: 撒腿(就跑)}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɪ}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}{{efn-lr|{{IPA|[{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɪ}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}]}} is often shortened to be {{IPA|[{{IPAlink|ɪ}}{{IPAlink|ʔ}}]}}. Also refer to {{efn-lr|name=y}}.}}

| iq

| {{IPA|[ɦã˨ tʰjɪʔ˥ dɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|杭鐵頭|Mandarin gloss: 對杭州人的貶稱}}

| ioq

| {{IPA|[da˨ ɦjoʔ˦]}} {{tooltip|汏浴|Mandarin gloss: 洗澡}}

| uaq

| {{IPA|[hwaʔ˧ pi˦]}} {{tooltip|豁邊|Mandarin gloss: 過度而出格}}

| ueq

| {{IPA|[ɦwəʔ˩ sən˨˧]}} {{tooltip|猢猻|Mandarin gloss: 猴子}}

| iuq

| {{IPA|[faʔ˧ ɕɥɪʔ˦ ]}} {{tooltip|發噱|Mandarin gloss: 滑稽}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="4" \| Vowels
IPA ! Wugniu ! Examples{{efn-lr\|name=examples}}
{{IPAlink\|a}} \|a \| {{IPA\|[kʰa˥ mi˧ de˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|揩面台\|Mandarin gloss: 洗臉台}}
{{IPAlink\|ã}} \|an \| {{IPA\|[fã˦ ve˨ ɦoʔ˦]}} {{tooltip\|放飯學\|Mandarin gloss: 中午放學}}
{{IPAlink\|ɑ̃}} \|aon \| {{IPA\|[tɑ̃˦ bɑ̃˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|打朋\|Mandarin gloss: 開玩笑}}
{{IPAlink\|e}} \|e \| {{IPA\|[khuəʔ˧ pe˥ ŋa˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|闊板牙\|Mandarin gloss: 大門牙}}
{{IPAlink\|i}} \|i \| {{IPA\|[ɕjaʔ˦ sɹ̩˧ pʰi˦]}} {{tooltip\|削水片\|Mandarin gloss: 打水漂}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|a}}{{efn-lr\|name=j}} \|ia \| {{IPA\|[bø˨ ɦja˥ mɔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|𨒃野貓 \|Mandarin gloss: 捉迷藏}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|ã}}{{efn-lr\|name=j}} \|ian \| {{IPA\|[ɕjã˦ bjɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|香鼻頭\|Mandarin gloss: 相撞,碰壁}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|ɔ}}{{efn-lr\|name=j\|The non-syllabic gliding {{IPAblink\|j}} may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic {{IPAblink\|i}}, as in {{IPA\|[ia, iã, iaʔ, iɪʔ, ioŋ, ioʔ, iɔ, iɤ]}}.}} \|iau \| {{IPA\|[tɕjɔ˥ kwe˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|交關(熱)\|Mandarin gloss: 很(熱)}}
{{IPAlink\|j}}{{IPAlink\|ɤ}}{{efn-lr\|name=j}} \|ieu \| {{IPA\|[kʰa˥ ɦjɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|揩油\|Mandarin gloss: 佔公家和別人的便宜}}
{{IPAlink\|o}} \|o \| {{IPA\|[tjɔ˦ tsʰo˥ tsɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|吊車子\|Mandarin gloss: 車門關不上, 車子停着不能開}}
{{IPAlink\|ø}} \|oe \| {{IPA\|[bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ kø˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|白相干\|Mandarin gloss: 玩具}}
{{IPAlink\|ɔ}} \|au \| {{IPA\|[gaʔ˩ nɔ˨ mã˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|軋鬧猛\|Mandarin gloss: 熱鬧}}
{{IPAlink\|ɤ}} \|eu \| {{IPA\|[tɕʰi˥ kən˧ tɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|躥跟斗\|Mandarin gloss: }}
{{IPAlink\|ɹ̩}}{{efn-lr\|name=fn3\|In sinological phonetic notation, {{IPA\|[ɲ , ɹ̩]}} are represented as {{angbr IPA\|ȵ , ɿ}}.}} \|y \| {{IPA\|[koʔ˧ tsɹ̩˦]}} {{tooltip\|角子\|Mandarin gloss: 硬幣}}
{{IPAlink\|u}} \|u \| {{IPA\|[du˨ dɤ˥ moŋ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|大頭夢\|Mandarin gloss: 空想,幻想}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|a}}{{efn-lr\|name=w\|The non-syllabic gliding {{IPAblink\|w}} may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic {{IPAblink\|u}}, as in {{IPA\|[ua, uã, uaʔ, uɑ̃, ue, uən, uəʔ, uø]}}.}} \|ua \| {{IPA\|[tsaʔ˧ kwa˦]}} {{tooltip\|(老)着乖\|Mandarin gloss: 善於察言觀色而行事,知趣}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|ã}}{{efn-lr\|{{IPA\|[wã]}} is often merged to {{IPA\|[wɑ̃]}} in the post-1966 generation. Also refer to {{efn-lr\|name=w}}.}} \|uan \| {{IPA\|[ɦwã˨ sɹ̩˥ ɦwã˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|橫豎横\|Mandarin gloss: 橫下心來}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|ɑ̃}}{{efn-lr\|name=w}} \|uaon \| {{IPA\|[ɕjɔ˦ di˨ kwɑ̃˦]}} {{tooltip\|捎地光\|Mandarin gloss: 賴在地上頻繁轉側,耍賴}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|e}}{{efn-lr\|name=w}} \|ue \| {{IPA\|[kwe˦ ɦja˨ ɦo˦]}} {{tooltip\|關夜學\|Mandarin gloss: 學生放學後被老師留下不准回家}}
{{IPAlink\|w}}{{IPAlink\|ø}}{{efn-lr\|name=w}} \|uoe \| {{IPA\|[kʰwø˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|(辰光老)寛舒\|Mandarin gloss: (時間)不緊}}
{{IPAlink\|y}} \|iu \| {{IPA\|[ba˨ tɕy˦]}} {{tooltip\|牌鬼\|Mandarin gloss: 打牌成癮的人}}
{{IPAlink\|ɥ}}{{IPAlink\|ø}}{{efn-lr\|name=y\|The non-syllabic gliding {{IPAblink\|ɥ}} may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic {{IPAblink\|y}}, as in {{IPA\|[yɪʔ, yn, yø]}}.}} \|ioe \| {{IPA\|[ɲɥø˨ zoʔ˦]}} {{tooltip\|軟熟\|Mandarin gloss: 衣服等軟而有舒适感}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Vowels

IPA

! Wugniu

! Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples}}

| {{IPA|[kʰa˥ mi˧ de˨˩]}} {{tooltip|揩面台|Mandarin gloss: 洗臉台}}

|an

| {{IPA|[fã˦ ve˨ ɦoʔ˦]}} {{tooltip|放飯學|Mandarin gloss: 中午放學}}

|aon

| {{IPA|[tɑ̃˦ bɑ̃˨˧]}} {{tooltip|打朋|Mandarin gloss: 開玩笑}}

| {{IPA|[khuəʔ˧ pe˥ ŋa˨˩]}} {{tooltip|闊板牙|Mandarin gloss: 大門牙}}

| {{IPA|[ɕjaʔ˦ sɹ̩˧ pʰi˦]}} {{tooltip|削水片|Mandarin gloss: 打水漂}}

|ia

| {{IPA|[bø˨ ɦja˥ mɔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|𨒃野貓 |Mandarin gloss: 捉迷藏}}

|ian

| {{IPA|[ɕjã˦ bjɪʔ˩ dɤ˨˧]}} {{tooltip|香鼻頭|Mandarin gloss: 相撞,碰壁}}

{{IPAlink|j}}{{IPAlink|ɔ}}{{efn-lr|name=j|The non-syllabic gliding {{IPAblink|j}} may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic {{IPAblink|i}}, as in {{IPA|[ia, iã, iaʔ, iɪʔ, ioŋ, ioʔ, iɔ, iɤ]}}.}}

|iau

| {{IPA|[tɕjɔ˥ kwe˨˩]}} {{tooltip|交關(熱)|Mandarin gloss: 很(熱)}}

|ieu

| {{IPA|[kʰa˥ ɦjɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|揩油|Mandarin gloss: 佔公家和別人的便宜}}

| {{IPA|[tjɔ˦ tsʰo˥ tsɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip|吊車子|Mandarin gloss: 車門關不上, 車子停着不能開}}

|oe

| {{IPA|[bəʔ˩ ɕjã˨ kø˨˧]}} {{tooltip|白相干|Mandarin gloss: 玩具}}

|au

| {{IPA|[gaʔ˩ nɔ˨ mã˨˧]}} {{tooltip|軋鬧猛|Mandarin gloss: 熱鬧}}

|eu

| {{IPA|[tɕʰi˥ kən˧ tɤ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|躥跟斗|Mandarin gloss: }}

{{IPAlink|ɹ̩}}{{efn-lr|name=fn3|In sinological phonetic notation, {{IPA|[ɲ , ɹ̩]}} are represented as {{angbr IPA|ȵ , ɿ}}.}}

| {{IPA|[koʔ˧ tsɹ̩˦]}} {{tooltip|角子|Mandarin gloss: 硬幣}}

| {{IPA|[du˨ dɤ˥ moŋ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|大頭夢|Mandarin gloss: 空想,幻想}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|a}}{{efn-lr|name=w|The non-syllabic gliding {{IPAblink|w}} may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic {{IPAblink|u}}, as in {{IPA|[ua, uã, uaʔ, uɑ̃, ue, uən, uəʔ, uø]}}.}}

|ua

| {{IPA|[tsaʔ˧ kwa˦]}} {{tooltip|(老)着乖|Mandarin gloss: 善於察言觀色而行事,知趣}}

{{IPAlink|w}}{{IPAlink|ã}}{{efn-lr|{{IPA|[wã]}} is often merged to {{IPA|[wɑ̃]}} in the post-1966 generation. Also refer to {{efn-lr|name=w}}.}}

|uan

| {{IPA|[ɦwã˨ sɹ̩˥ ɦwã˨˩]}} {{tooltip|橫豎横|Mandarin gloss: 橫下心來}}

|uaon

| {{IPA|[ɕjɔ˦ di˨ kwɑ̃˦]}} {{tooltip|捎地光|Mandarin gloss: 賴在地上頻繁轉側,耍賴}}

|ue

| {{IPA|[kwe˦ ɦja˨ ɦo˦]}} {{tooltip|關夜學|Mandarin gloss: 學生放學後被老師留下不准回家}}

|uoe

| {{IPA|[kʰwø˥ sɹ̩˨˩]}} {{tooltip|(辰光老)寛舒|Mandarin gloss: (時間)不緊}}

|iu

| {{IPA|[ba˨ tɕy˦]}} {{tooltip|牌鬼|Mandarin gloss: 打牌成癮的人}}

{{IPAlink|ɥ}}{{IPAlink|ø}}{{efn-lr|name=y|The non-syllabic gliding {{IPAblink|ɥ}} may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic {{IPAblink|y}}, as in {{IPA|[yɪʔ, yn, yø]}}.}}

|ioe

| {{IPA|[ɲɥø˨ zoʔ˦]}} {{tooltip|軟熟|Mandarin gloss: 衣服等軟而有舒适感}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="4" \| Tones
IPA ! Numeric contours {{efn-lr\|name=tones\|The numeric contours are as given in Qian (1988).{{cite book\|chapter=第贰章语音\|last=钱乃荣\|date=1988\|title=上海市区方言志\|trans-title=A study of the Shanghai Urban Dialect\|editor-last=许宝华\|editor-last2= 汤珍珠\|publisher=上海教育出版社\|pages=4, 8, 9, 24\|url=}} An experimental and mathematical description of the contours slightly differed from Qian is given by Zhu (1995, 1999, 2005).{{cite thesis\|last=Zhu \|first=Xiaonong\|title=Shanghai Tonetics \|degree=PhD\|publisher=Australian National University\|url=\|date=1995}}}} ! Tonal categories (sequence) ! Examples{{efn-lr\|name=examples}}
colspan=4 \|Stand-alone tones
{{IPA\|˥˨}} \| ◌⁵² \| 陰平 (◌¹) \| {{IPA\|[kʰe˦ hwən˥˨]}} {{tooltip\|開葷\|Mandarin gloss: 開眼界,第一次嘗試}}
{{IPA\|˧˦}} \| ◌³⁴ \| 陰去 (◌⁵) \| {{IPA\|[vəʔ˧ taʔ˧ ka˧˦]}} {{tooltip\|勿搭界\|Mandarin gloss: 沒關係,沒事兒}}
{{IPA\|˨˧}} \| ◌²³ \| 陽去 (◌⁶) \| {{IPA\|[məʔ˩ zɹ̩˨ dɤ˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|物事頭\|Mandarin gloss: 小東西}}
{{IPA\|ʔ˥}} \| ◌ʔ⁵⁵ \| 陰入 (◌⁷) \| {{IPA\|[vəʔ˧ səʔ˥ i˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|勿適意\|Mandarin gloss: 不舒服}}
{{IPA\|ʔ˩˨}} \| ◌ʔ¹² \| 陽入 (◌⁸) \| {{IPA\|[dɤ˨ tsɹ̩˧ ɦuəʔ˩˨]}} {{tooltip\|頭子活\|Mandarin gloss: (形容詞)頭腦靈活}}
colspan=4 \|Supplementary tonal changes
{{IPA\|˥}} \| ◌⁵⁵ \| 陰平 (◌¹) \| {{IPA\|[ɦwã˧ toŋ˥ dɔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|橫東道\|Mandarin gloss: 打賭}}
{{IPA\|ʔ˩}} \| ◌ʔ¹¹ \| 陽入 (◌⁸) \| {{IPA\|[ɦəʔ˩ pʰoʔ˨ kʰwən˨˧]}} {{tooltip\|合撲睏\|Mandarin gloss: 俯睡}}
{{IPA\|˨˩}} \| ◌²¹ \| / \| {{IPA\|[kʰwən˧ səʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip\|睏失寣\|Mandarin gloss: 睡過頭}}
{{IPA\|˦}} \| ◌⁴⁴ \| / \| {{IPA\|[dʑi˧ ba˨ dɤ˦]}} {{tooltip\|掮牌頭\|Mandarin gloss: 依仗有權勢的人}}
{{IPA\|˧}} \| ◌³³ \| / \| {{IPA\|[zu˧ dən˨ tsoŋ˦]}} {{tooltip\|坐臀中\|Mandarin gloss: 沒防備地突然一屁股坐在某處而受痛}}
{{IPA\|˨}} \| ◌²² \| / \| {{IPA\|[fɑ̃˧ tsaʔ˧ mɔ˨ dɤ˦]}} {{tooltip\|放隻碼頭\|Mandarin gloss: 讓他一次, 饒他一回}}
{{IPA\|ʔ˦}} \| ◌ʔ⁴⁴ \| / \| {{IPA\|[gue˨ saʔ˦]}} {{tooltip\|摜殺\|Mandarin gloss: 摔死}}
{{IPA\|ʔ˨}} \| ◌ʔ³³ \| / \| {{IPA\|[ɲjã˨ gəʔ˧ toŋ˥ tsʰe˨]}} {{tooltip\|娘個東采\|Mandarin gloss: 他媽的}}
{{IPA\|ʔ˨}} \| ◌ʔ²² \| / \| {{IPA\|[tɑ̃˥ zaʔ˧ vəʔ˧ zaʔ˨]}} {{tooltip\|當着勿着\|Mandarin gloss: 應這樣做卻做成那樣}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="4" | Tones

IPA

! Numeric
contours
{{efn-lr|name=tones|The numeric contours are as given in Qian (1988).{{cite book|chapter=第贰章语音|last=钱乃荣|date=1988|title=上海市区方言志|trans-title=A study of the Shanghai Urban Dialect|editor-last=许宝华|editor-last2= 汤珍珠|publisher=上海教育出版社|pages=4, 8, 9, 24|url=}} An experimental and mathematical description of the contours slightly differed from Qian is given by Zhu (1995, 1999, 2005).{{cite thesis|last=Zhu |first=Xiaonong|title=Shanghai Tonetics |degree=PhD|publisher=Australian National University|url=|date=1995}}}}

! Tonal
categories
(sequence)

! Examples{{efn-lr|name=examples}}

colspan=4 |Stand-alone tones

| ◌⁵²

| 陰平 (◌¹)

| {{IPA|[kʰe˦ hwən˥˨]}} {{tooltip|開葷|Mandarin gloss: 開眼界,第一次嘗試}}

| ◌³⁴

| 陰去 (◌⁵)

| {{IPA|[vəʔ˧ taʔ˧ ka˧˦]}} {{tooltip|勿搭界|Mandarin gloss: 沒關係,沒事兒}}

| ◌²³

| 陽去 (◌⁶)

| {{IPA|[məʔ˩ zɹ̩˨ dɤ˨˧]}} {{tooltip|物事頭|Mandarin gloss: 小東西}}

| ◌ʔ⁵⁵

| 陰入 (◌⁷)

| {{IPA|[vəʔ˧ səʔ˥ i˨˩]}} {{tooltip|勿適意|Mandarin gloss: 不舒服}}

| ◌ʔ¹²

| 陽入 (◌⁸)

| {{IPA|[dɤ˨ tsɹ̩˧ ɦuəʔ˩˨]}} {{tooltip|頭子活|Mandarin gloss: (形容詞)頭腦靈活}}

colspan=4 |Supplementary tonal changes

| ◌⁵⁵

| 陰平 (◌¹)

| {{IPA|[ɦwã˧ toŋ˥ dɔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|橫東道|Mandarin gloss: 打賭}}

| ◌ʔ¹¹

| 陽入 (◌⁸)

| {{IPA|[ɦəʔ˩ pʰoʔ˨ kʰwən˨˧]}} {{tooltip|合撲睏|Mandarin gloss: 俯睡}}

| ◌²¹

| /

| {{IPA|[kʰwən˧ səʔ˥ hwəʔ˨˩]}} {{tooltip|睏失寣|Mandarin gloss: 睡過頭}}

| ◌⁴⁴

| /

| {{IPA|[dʑi˧ ba˨ dɤ˦]}} {{tooltip|掮牌頭|Mandarin gloss: 依仗有權勢的人}}

| ◌³³

| /

| {{IPA|[zu˧ dən˨ tsoŋ˦]}} {{tooltip|坐臀中|Mandarin gloss: 沒防備地突然一屁股坐在某處而受痛}}

| ◌²²

| /

| {{IPA|[fɑ̃˧ tsaʔ˧ mɔ˨ dɤ˦]}} {{tooltip|放隻碼頭|Mandarin gloss: 讓他一次, 饒他一回}}

| ◌ʔ⁴⁴

| /

| {{IPA|[gue˨ saʔ˦]}} {{tooltip|摜殺|Mandarin gloss: 摔死}}

| ◌ʔ³³

| /

| {{IPA|[ɲjã˨ gəʔ˧ toŋ˥ tsʰe˨]}} {{tooltip|娘個東采|Mandarin gloss: 他媽的}}

| ◌ʔ²²

| /

| {{IPA|[tɑ̃˥ zaʔ˧ vəʔ˧ zaʔ˨]}} {{tooltip|當着勿着|Mandarin gloss: 應這樣做卻做成那樣}}

Help:IPA/Wu Chinese

Notes

References

See also