Hematoma

File:Hematoma development.png from 6 hours after trauma to 86 hours]]

Some hematomas are visible under the surface of the skin (commonly called bruises) or possibly felt as masses or lumps. Lumps may be caused by the limitation of the blood to a sac, subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue space isolated by fascial planes. This is a key anatomical feature that helps prevent injuries from causing massive blood loss. In most cases a hematoma as a sac of blood eventually dissolves; however, in some cases it may continue to grow due to blood seepage or show no change. If the sac of blood does not disappear, then it may need to be surgically cleaned out or repaired.

The slow process of reabsorption of hematomas can allow the broken down blood cells and hemoglobin pigment to move in the connective tissue. For example, a patient who injures the base of their thumb might cause a hematoma, which will slowly move all through their finger within a week. Gravity is the main determinant of this process.

Hematomas on articulations can reduce mobility of a member and present roughly the same symptoms as a fracture.

In most cases, movement and exercise of the affected muscle is the best way to introduce the collection back into the bloodstream.

A misdiagnosis of a hematoma in the vertebra can sometimes occur; this is correctly called a hemangioma (buildup of cells) or a benign tumor.

File:Hematoma at backside.jpg as a result of a sports injury]]

File:Types of Hematoma.jpg

File:Schwellung am Fußknloechel und Blutergussl.jpg]]

• Subdermal hematoma (under the skin)
• Intramuscular hematoma (inside muscle tissue)
• Skull/brain:
• Subgaleal hematoma – between the galea aponeurosis and periosteum
• Cephalohematoma – between the periosteum and skull. Commonly caused by vacuum delivery and vertex delivery.
• Epidural hematoma – between the skull and dura mater
• Subdural hematoma – between the dura mater and arachnoid mater
• Subarachnoid hematoma – between the arachnoid mater and pia mater (the subarachnoid space)
• Othematoma – between the skin and the layers of cartilage of the ear
• Breast hematoma (breast)
• Perichondral hematoma (ear)
• Perianal hematoma (anus)
• Subungual hematoma (nail)
• Rectus sheath hematoma

• Petechiae – small pinpoint hematomas less than 3 mm in diameter;
• Purpura (purple) – a bruise about 3-10 mm in diameter, generally round in shape;
• Ecchymosis – subcutaneous extravasation of blood in a thin layer under the skin, i.e. bruising or "black and blue", over 1 cm in diameter.{{Cite book|title=Robbins basic pathology|editor-last1=Kumar|editor-first1=Vinay|editor-last2=Abbas|editor-first2=Abul K.|editor-last3=Aster|editor-first3=Jon C.|others=Illustrated by Perkins, James A.|isbn=9780323353175|edition=10th|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|pages=101|oclc=960844656|date = 2017-03-28}}

The English word "hematoma" came into use in 1826. The word derives from the Greek αἷμα haima "blood" and -ωμα -oma, a suffix forming nouns indicating a mass or tumor.[http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=hematoma&allowed_in_frame=1 "hematoma"]. Online Etymology Dictionary.

• Metanephric dysplastic hematoma of the sacral region
• Welts

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{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB =5487

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|M79.81}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|729.92}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM =

| MedlinePlus =

| MeSH =D006406

| GeneReviewsNBK =

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• {{commons category-inline|Hematomas}}

{{General injuries}}

{{Bleeding and clotting disorders|us=y}}

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Category:Gross pathology