Hemicyoninae
{{Short description|Extinct subfamily of bears}}
{{Redirect|Dog bear|bear dogs|Amphicyonidae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = Early Oligocene to Late Miocene
{{Fossil range|33.9|5.3}}
| image = Hemicyon_sansaniensis.JPG
| image_caption = Hemicyon sansaniensis
| taxon = Hemicyoninae
| authority = Frick, 1926
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes and genera
| subdivision =
- Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
- †Adelpharctos
- †Cyonarctos
- †Phoberogale
- †Filholictis
- †Cephalogale
- Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Plithocyon
- †Phoberocyon
- Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
- †Zaragocyon
- †Dinocyon
- †Hemicyon
}}
Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae,{{Cite journal|author=Louis De Bonis |year=2013 |title=Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862 |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=787–814 |doi=10.5252/g2013n4a4 |s2cid=131561629 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4538147 }}{{Cite journal|author=L. de Bonis |year=2011 |title=A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) |doi=10.3989/egeol.40553.181 |journal=Estudios Geológicos |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=179–186 |doi-access=free }} often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: {{lang|grc|ἡμικυων}} {{transliteration|grc|hemi-kyōn}})). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately {{Mya|33.9-5.3|million years}}. They are sometimes classified as a separate family.{{cite book |last1=McKenna |first1=M.C. |last2=Bell |first2=S. |year=1997 |title=Classification of nammals above the species level |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231528535 |place=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zS7FZkzIw-cC&pg=PA247}}
Systematics
The hemicyonines consists of three tribes: the Cephalogalini, Phoberocyonini, and Hemicyonini. In the past the hemicyonines were evaluated into family level (Hemicyonidae). However the vast majority of papers and researchers that cover the evolution of bears often classified them as an extinct subfamily of ursids or stem-bears.{{cite book |editor1-last=Jacobs |editor1-first= Louis |editor2-last= Janis |editor2-first= Christine M. | editor3-last= Scott | editor3-first= Kathleen L. |title=Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-521-35519-2 | first1=R. M. |last1=Hunt | chapter= Ursidae |pages= 174–195 }}{{Cite journal |last1=Jiangzuo |first1=Qigao |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |date=2020-06-26 |title=The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora |journal=iScience |language=en |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=101235 |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2020.101235 |pmid=32559731 |pmc=7303987 |bibcode=2020iSci...23j1235J |issn=2589-0042}} The genus Agriotherium was once classified as a hemicyonine but recent work has shown the genus is a crown-ursid.{{Cite journal|last1=Jiangzuo |first1=Q. |last2=Flynn |first2=J. J. |last3=Wang |first3=S. |last4=Hou |first4=S. |last5=Deng |first5=T. |title=New fossil giant panda relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): a basal lineage of gigantic Mio-Pliocene cursorial carnivores |journal=American Museum Novitates |year=2023 |issue=3996 |pages=1–71 |doi=10.1206/3996.1 |hdl=2246/7315 |s2cid=257508340 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/8006209 |doi-access=free }}
- Subfamily †Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
- Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
- †Adelpharctos de Bonis, 1971
- †Adelpharctos ginsburgi de Bonis, 2011
- †Adelpharctos mirus de Bonis, 1971
- †Cyonarctos de Bonis, 2013
- †Cyonarctos dessei de Bonis, 2013
- †Phoberogale Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
- †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
- †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
- †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
- †Filholictis de Bonis, 2013
- †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
- †Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862
- †Cephalogale shareri Wang, et al., 2009
- †Cephalogale gergoviensis Viret, 1929
- †Cephalogale ginesticus Kuss, 1962
- †Cephalogale geoffroyi Jourdan, 1862
- Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Plithocyon Ginsburg, 1955
- †Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg, 1955
- †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
- †Plithocyon bruneti Ginsburg, 1980
- †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
- †Phoberocyon Ginsburg, 1955
- †Phoberocyon hispanicus Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
- †Phoberocyon dehmi Ginsburg, 1955
- †Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg, 1955
- †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
- †Phoberocyon youngi Xiang et al., 1986
- †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
- Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
- †Zaragocyon Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Dinocyon Jourdan, 1861
- †Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick, 1926
- †Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick, 1926
- †Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan, 1861
- †Hemicyon Lartet, 1851
- †Hemicyon barbouri Colbert, 1941
- †Hemicyon teilhardi Colbert, 1939
- †Hemicyon grivensis Frick, 1926
- †Hemicyon minor Dépéret, 1887
- †Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet, 1851
References
{{Wikispecies|Hemicyonidae}}
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Ursidae extinct nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q16916505}}
Category:Chattian first appearances