Heniochus
{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{For|the Ancient Greek dramatist|Ancient Greek comedy}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Bannerfishes
| image = Pennant coralfish melb aquarium edit2.jpg
| image_caption = Pennant coralfish, Heniochus acuminatus
| taxon = Heniochus
| authority = G. Cuvier, 1816
| type_species = Chaetodon macrolepidotus
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758{{Cof family | family = Chaetodontidae | access-date = 24 November 2020}}
| synonyms = * Diphreutes Cantor, 1849
- Taurichthys Cuvier 1829
}}
Heniochus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, butterflyfishes from the family Chaetodontidae. They are native to the Indo-Pacific. Though very similar in appearance to the Moorish idol (Zanclus cornutus), the members of this genus are not closely related to it.
Characteristics
Heniochus species are distinguished within the Chaetodontidae by having the fourth spine in the dorsal fin elongated, or even forming a filament. The supraorbital crests in adults have spines or horn-like protuberances. They normally have a hump, or at least a robust bony growth on the nape.{{cite book | url = http://www.fao.org/3/y0770e/y0770e43.pdf | volume = 5: Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) | series = FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes | editor1 = Kent E. Carpenter | editor2 = Volker H. Niem | title = CHAETODONTIDAE | author = R. Pyle | year = 2001 | publisher = FAO, Rome | isbn = 92-5-104302-7}}
Etymology
Heniochus is Greek for a “carriage driver” or “coachman” and is a reference to the long, filamentous 4th dorsal spine of these fish, resembling the whip of a coachman.{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/acanthuriformes1/ | title =Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | accessdate = 24 November 2020 | date = 21 July 2020 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}
Species
There are currently eight recognized species in this genus:{{FishBase genus | genus = Heniochus| month = February | year = 2013}}
- Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pennant coralfish)
- Heniochus chrysostomus G. Cuvier, 1831 (Threeband pennantfish)
- Heniochus diphreutes D. S. Jordan, 1903 (False moorish idol)
- Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, 1893 (Red Sea bannerfish)
- Heniochus monoceros G. Cuvier, 1831 (Masked bannerfish)
- Heniochus pleurotaenia C. G. E. Ahl, 1923 (Phantom bannerfish)
- Heniochus singularius H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1911 (Singular bannerfish)
- Heniochus varius (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Horned bannerfish)
Pictorial identification
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Image:Pennant coralfish melb aquarium edit2.jpg|Heniochus acuminatus
Image:Pennant Bannerfish (Heniochus chrysostomus).jpg|Heniochus chrysostomus
Image:Pennant Bannerfish (Heniochus diphreutes) (3148921825).jpg|Heniochus diphreutes
Image:Heniochus intermedius.jpg|Heniochus intermedius
Image:Heniochus monoceros.jpg|Heniochus monoceros
Image:Heniochus pleurotaenia1.jpg|Heniochus pleurotaenia
Image:Heniochus singularius 2000 Thailand.jpg|Heniochus singularius
Image:Humphead bannerfish Heniochus varius (7504787246).jpg|Heniochus varius