Henriette Renan
{{Short description|French writer (1811–1861)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Henriette Renan
| image = Portrait_of_Henriette_Renan.jpg
| alt = Photograph of Henriette Renan standing in 19th-century costume
| caption = Renan in 1857
| birth_name = Noémie Cornélie Henriette Renan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1811|07|22}}
| birth_place = Tréguier, Brittany, France
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1861|09|24|1811|07|22}}
| death_place = Amsheet, Lebanon
| other_names = Henrietta Renan
Emma du Guindy
| occupation = Writer
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| family = Ernest Renan
| burial_place = Amsheet, Lebanon
}}
Henriette Renan ({{IPA|fr|ʁənɑ̃|lang}}; 22 July 1811{{snd}}24 September 1861) was a French writer.
Biography
Renan was born into a fishing family in Tréguier, Brittany, France where she lived in the large house bought by her grandfather. Her father was captain of a small cutter and a staunch Republican. Her mother was only half-Breton since her paternal ancestors hailed from Bordeaux. Her mother's father was a royalist tradesman from the neighbouring town of Lannion. Renan was 17 years old when her father died and she became the head of the household, in particular, taking responsibility for her 5-year-old brother Ernest Renan{{Cite journal|last=Dubreuil|first=Léon|date=1963|title=Henriette Renan fut-elle incrédule ?|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/abpo_0003-391x_1963_num_70_2_2185|journal=Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest|volume=70|issue=2|pages=176–188|doi=10.3406/abpo.1963.2185|access-date=2019-08-24}} (he would later become a well known philosopher).
After failing to open a girls' school in Tréguier, Renan moved to Paris to teach, where she met Sophie Ulliac.{{Cite journal|last=Dubreuil|first=Léon|title=Une amie d'Henriette Renan, Sophie Ulliac-Trémadeure|journal=Annales de Bretagne|volume=66|issue=2|date=1959|issn=0003-391X|doi=10.3406/abpo.1959.2078|pages=197–229}} She became tutor to a Polish family with whom she toured Europe. She later moved to Vienna as tutor for Count Zamoyski.{{cite web|title=Henriette Renan, soeur du célèbre écrivain, sortie de l'oubli|url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/ar/viewarticle1024.php?aaaammjj=19960812&article=1016339&type=ar|website=Le Telegramme|language=fr-FR|date=1996-08-12|access-date=2019-08-25}}
Renan wrote for Le Journal des jeunes personnes (edited by Sophie Ulliac between 1846 and 1857) and other periodicals under pseudonyms including Emma du Guindy.{{Cite journal|last=Dubreuil|first=Léon|date=1963|title=Henriette Renan fut-elle incrédule ?|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/abpo_0003-391x_1963_num_70_2_2185|journal=Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest|volume=70|issue=2|pages=176–188|doi=10.3406/abpo.1963.2185|access-date=2019-08-25}} Since she had become financially independent, she was able to support her mother, pay for her brother's education, and pay off her father's debts. Renan had a great influence on her brother, acting as mother, sister, confidante and adviser.
Works
Renan was more than a secretary for the works on art history conducted by her brother. Ernest Renan relied on her research and on her numerous re-reviews and critiques of his own writings.{{Cite web|title=HENRIETTE RENAN|url=https://www.revuedesdeuxmondes.fr/article-revue/henriette-renan/|access-date=2019-08-25|website=Revue Des Deux Mondes|language=fr-FR}}
Death
In 1860, Henriette joined Ernest and his wife Cornélie in Lebanon while Ernest conducted archaeological investigations in both Lebanon and Syria. They stayed in the home of Zakhia Chalhoub el-Kallab and his son Abdallah Zakhia el Kallab, a notable Maronite family in the Amsheet region of Byblos, whose ancestors had been ennobled by an Ottoman Sultan and who had founded the first hospital in Lebanon, Saint-Michel d'Amchit.{{Cite web|title=Au Pays du Levant - Le tombeau d'Henriette Renan|url=http://lechatdugrenier.com/au-pays-du-levant-le-tombeau-dhenriette-renan/|access-date=2019-08-25|website=www.lechatdugrenier.com|language=fr-FR}} Already in poor health, Renan died of malaria in Amsheet on 24 September 1861.{{Cite book|last1=Auzias|first1=Dominique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=955NDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT80|title=LIBAN 2018 Carnet Petit Futé|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|date=2018-03-16|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=979-10-331-8320-4|language=fr|access-date=2019-08-24}} She is buried in the vault of Mikhaël Bek Tobia al-Kallab in Amsheet near the church of Notre-Dame.{{Cite web|date=1923-12-08|title=Le Figaro. Supplément littéraire du dimanche|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k273512j|access-date=2019-08-24|website=Gallica|language=FR}}{{Cite book|last=Laurens|first=Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVtKAQAAQBAJ&q=%22Henriette+Renan%22&pg=PT54|title=Ernest Renan. La science, la religion, la République|date=2013-10-10|publisher=Éditions Odile Jacob|isbn=978-2-7381-7563-2|language=fr|access-date=2019-08-25}}
Bibliography
= Works by Henriette Renan =
- Souvenirs et Impressions, Pologne, Rome, Allemagne, voyage en Syrie, edited by Henri Moncel with an introduction by Mary Duclaux (1930)
- Correspondance intime, 1842-1845
- Nouvelles lettres intimes, 1846-1850 (1923)
=Works about Henriette Renan=
- {{Cite book|last=Renan|first=Ernest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rR-WxgEACAAJ&q=%22Henriette+Renan%22|title=Henriette Renan, pour ceux qui l'ont connus|year=1862|pages=77|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite book|last=Renan|first=Ernest|url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Ma_s%C5%93ur_Henriette|title=Ma soeur Henriette|year=1895|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite journal|last=Le Goffic|first=Charles|date=1902|title=Une déracinée : Henriette Renan|url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/L%E2%80%99%C3%82me_bretonne_s%C3%A9rie_1/Une_d%C3%A9racin%C3%A9e_:_Henriette_Renan|journal=L'Âme Bretonne|series=1|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite book|last=Barrès|first=Maurice|title=Une enquête aux pays du Levant. Volume 1: Alexandrie, Beyrouth, le Liban, le tombeau d'Henriette Renan, une soirée avec les bacchantes|publisher=Plon-Nourrit|year=1923|volume=1|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite journal|last=Giraud|first=Victor|title=Henriette Renan|url=https://www.revuedesdeuxmondes.fr/article-revue/henriette-renan/|journal=Revue des Deux-mondes|year=1925|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite book|last=Giraud|first=Victor|title=Sœurs de grands hommes : Jacqueline Pascal, Lucile de Chateaubriand, Henriette Renan|publisher=G. Crès|year=1926|pages=216|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite book|last=Cigoj-Leben|first=Breda|title=Ernest Renan et sa soeur Henriette : contribution à une meilleure intelligence de la personnalité morale de Renan|year=1971|pages=102|language=fr-FR}}
- {{Cite book|last=Stankovitch|first=Eva|title=Henriette Renan, d'enseignante à éducatrice, journaliste et écrivain}} Thèse de doctorat (1996){{Cite web|date=1996-08-12|title=Henriette Renan, soeur du célèbre écrivain, sortie de l'oubli|url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/ar/viewarticle1024.php?aaaammjj=19960812&article=1016339&type=ar|access-date=2019-08-25|website=Le Telegramme|language=fr-FR}}
References
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